• Title/Summary/Keyword: TSF

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A Study on the Eating Behavior, Nutrient Intake and Health Condition of College Students Attempting Weight Control in the Daegu Area (체중조절 중인 대구지역 대학생의 식사행동, 영양소 섭취 및 건강상태에 관한 연구)

  • 이영순
    • Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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    • v.13 no.6
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    • pp.577-585
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    • 2003
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate eating behavior, nutritional status and health conditions of college students attempting a weight control. The subjects are 88 students of the Daegu area. Their weight, height, triceps, and mid-arm circumference were measured and their dietary intake and eating behavior were obtained by using questionnaires. The 24-hour recall was obtained from the subjects. The results are summarized as follows: The average height, weight and BMI of the attempt and no-attempt male and female students were 171.2cm, 70.7kg and 24.1; 170.4cm, 79.9kg and 27.5; 159.3cm, 60.9kg and 24.0; 157.7cm 60.1kg and 24.2, respectively. Energy intake of the attempt and no-attempt male and female group was 63.9%, 61.8%, 76.2% and 83.9% of RDA respectively. Protein intake of each group was 97.5%, 83.9%, 60.1% and 67.3% of RDA respectively. The following items registered a negative correlation weight and carbohydrate, weight and Na intake, weight and vitamin C intake, PIBW and Na intake, TSF and fiber intake, TSF and Na intake, TSF and vitamin C intake, MAMC and Na intake, and MAMC and vitamin C intake. A relative magnitude of factors affecting weight control was analyzed by Stepwise multiple regression analysis. Overall results about relative influence of independent variables to the dependent variable(weight control) indicated that the BMI (p<0.01) was the most significantly correlated with weight control in all subjects. The results of this study suggest that the extensive nutrition education in the weight control program should be emphasized to prevent obesity early.

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A Pilot Study on the Assessment of Bioaerosols in Restaurants (음식점의 공기 중 부유미생물 분포 평가를 위한 기초연구)

  • Kim, Jong-Gyu;Kim, Joong-Soon
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.42 no.2
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    • pp.133-140
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    • 2016
  • Objectives: A pilot study was undertaken to assess the bioaerosol levels in restaurants and determine the effects of variations in temperature, relative humidity, and air movement on these levels. It focused on the differences between kitchens and dining areas, as well as between summer and winter. Methods: A field survey was performed in six restaurants. An Anderson type air sampler was used for sampling bioaerosols, such as total suspended bacteria (TSB), Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), Gram positive bacteria (GPB), opportunistic bacteria (OP), Staphylococcus spp., and total suspended fungi (TSF). Results: The average levels of TSB were $1{\times}10^2CFU/m^3$ and of TSF they were $1{\times}10^0{\sim}10^1CFU/m^3$. The kitchens had higher bioaerosol levels compared to dining areas, and summer showed much higher levels than winter. The concentration of OP in summer was more than six-fold that of winter. S. aureus was detected both in kitchens and dining areas, even in winter. The main effect of air movement on TSB levels was significant (p<0.05), as was air temperature, relative humidity and air movement on TSF levels (p<0.05). Conclusion: There was a wide variation in bioaerosol levels among different restaurants. The results indicate that cooking foods may be a key factor affecting bioaerosol levels. The effects of air temperature and relative humidity reveal that bioaerosol levels may vary according to the season. The observation of pathogenic bacteria suggests that the hygiene management of establishments should be improved. Future research is needed to characterize the relation between bioaerosol levels and the occupant density of the dining area.

Establishment of Tailing Disposal Scenario in Open-Pit and Surface Pillar Stability Analysis (노천채굴적 내 광미 적치 시나리오 구축 및 천반 수평필러 안정성 분석)

  • Il-Seok Kang;Jae-Joon Song;Thomas Pabst
    • Tunnel and Underground Space
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    • v.34 no.1
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    • pp.54-70
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    • 2024
  • Utilization of completed open-pit for mining waste disposal is an alternative method of tailing storage facility (TSF), which can minimize the area and cost required for the installation of TSF. However, long-term tailing disposal into open-pit has a potential risk of reducing mechanical stability of surrounding rock mass by acting as an additional load. In this research, a realistic open-pit tailing disposal scenario of 60,400 hours was established based on the case of Marymia gold mine, Australia. Mechanical stability of surface pillar between open-pit and underground stope was analyzed numerically by using Sigma/W, under different stope geometry and rock mass conditions. Simulation results showed that long-term tailing disposal into open-pit can significantly increase the failure probability of surface piller. This result suggests that mechanical stability of mine geometry should be conducted beforehand of open-pit tailing disposal.

Assessment of Appetite and Nutritional Status in Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiation Therapy : A Prospective Study (방사선치료를 받은 암환자의 식욕상태 및 영양상태 변화양상 평가)

  • 소향숙
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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    • v.29 no.6
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    • pp.1179-1191
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    • 1999
  • This study was conducted to identify appetite and nutritional status of 48 cancer patients who have been irradiated over 150$\textrm{cm}^2$ on chest or pelvic area over the three-month period. The data were gathered 3 phases, Each from initiation to completion of radiotherapy through the questionnaires of anorexia, the anthropometric and biochemical measures were used such as weight, TSF, MAC, MAMC, serum albumin and hemoglobin, TLC. Using SAS program, data were analyzed by percentage, Mean$\pm$SD, and two-way repeated measures ANOVA. The results were summarized as follows : 1. Eighty five percent(85%) of the subjects were aged from fifties to sixties. Cancers in the chest area occurred in 100% of men, 56% of the all subjects. The other 44% were pelvic cancer and 71% of the pelvic cancer occurred in women. 2. There were no significant differences in the appetite scores by all groups(characteristics). Changes of the appetite score over time were statistically significant by age, sex, cancer areas staging, treatment modality, and radiation dosage (F=4.0, p=.022; t=6.09, p=.003; t=4.90, p=.009; F=3.28, p=.042; t=5.04, p=.0084; t=4.76, p=.011). The appetite score on the 2nd phase (4 weeks after initiating radiotherapy) decreased from the 1st phase (initiating irradiation), and then increased on the 3rd phase (completing irradiation). 3. There were no significant differences in the body weight and MAMC by all characteristics, and no changes in the body weight and MAMC over time. However there were significant differences of TSF, MAC, level of hemoglobin, level of albumin, and TLC by all characteristics during the three phases. TSF of the men and the chest cancer were lower than those of the women and the pelvic cancer (t=73.20, p=.0001; t=22.91, p=.0001). And there was significant difference by cancer staging(F=3.19, p=.050). But there was no change in TSF over time. MAC of the men and the chest cancer were lower than those of the women and the pelvic cancer each(t=9.23, p=.004; t=17.85, p=.0001). But no change in MAC over time. Levels of hemoglobin had significant differences by age, sex and cancer areas; levels of hemoglobin of older than the fifties, men, and chest area were higher than those on the others(F=3.82, p=.029; t=21.75, p=.0001; t=8.71, p=.005). Levels of albumin were significant differences by sex and cancer areas; levels of albumin on women, and pelvic area were higher than those on the others(t=6.34, p=.015; t=15.23, p=.0003). While the levels of hemoglobin were changed over time, levels of albumin were not changed and within normal limit. TLC of the men was higher than women(t=5.05, p=.029). Changes in the level of hemoglobin over time were statistically significant according to sex, cancer areas, and radiation dosage(t=3.49, p=.035; t=3.36, p=.039; t=4.04, p=.021).

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Association Between Pelvic Bone Computed Tomography-Derived Body Composition and Patient Outcomes in Older Adults With Proximal Femur Fracture

  • Tae Ran Ahn;Young Cheol Yoon;Hyun Su Kim;Kyunga Kim;Ji Hyun Lee
    • Korean Journal of Radiology
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    • v.24 no.5
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    • pp.434-443
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    • 2023
  • Objective: To investigate the association between pelvic bone computed tomography (CT)-derived body composition and patient outcomes in older adult patients who underwent surgery for proximal femur fractures. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively identified consecutive patients aged ≥ 65 years who underwent pelvic bone CT and subsequent surgery for proximal femur fractures between July 2018 and September 2021. Eight CT metrics were calculated from the cross-sectional area and attenuation of the subcutaneous fat and muscle, including the thigh subcutaneous fat (TSF) index, TSF attenuation, thigh muscle (TM) index, TM attenuation, gluteus maximus (GM) index, GM attenuation, gluteus medius and minimus (Gmm) index, and Gmm attenuation. The patients were dichotomized using the median value of each metric. Multivariable Cox regression and logistic regression models were used to determine the association between CT metrics with overall survival (OS) and postsurgical intensive care unit (ICU) admission, respectively. Results: A total of 372 patients (median age, 80.5 years; interquartile range, 76.0-85.0 years; 285 females) were included. TSF attenuation above the median (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 2.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41-4.05), GM index below the median (adjusted HR, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.33-5.26), and Gmm index below the median (adjusted HR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.12-4.55) were independently associated with shorter OS. TSF index (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 6.67; 95% CI, 3.13-14.29), GM index (adjusted OR, 3.45; 95% CI, 1.49-7.69), GM attenuation (adjusted OR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.02-5.56), Gmm index (adjusted OR, 2.70; 95% CI, 1.22-5.88), and Gmm attenuation (adjusted OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.01-5.00) below the median were independently associated with ICU admission. Conclusion: In older adult patients who underwent surgery for proximal femur fracture, low muscle indices of the GM and gluteus medius/minimus obtained from their cross-sectional areas on preoperative pelvic bone CT were significant prognostic markers for predicting high mortality and postsurgical ICU admission.

A Simple Negative Torque Compensation Scheme for a High Speed Switched Reluctance Motor

  • Lee, Dong-Hee;Ahn, So-Yeon;Ahn, Jin-Woo
    • Journal of Power Electronics
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.58-66
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    • 2012
  • SRMs(Switched Reluctance Motors) are much interested in high speed applications due to the mechanical robustness, simple structure and high efficiency. In spite of many advantages of SRMs, a higher torque ripple discourages the adoption of SRMs in a high speed application. This paper presents a simple negative torque of tail current compensation scheme using a modified TSF(Torque Sharing Function) for the high speed SRMs. Because of the short commutation in the high speed region, the negative torque from the tail current makes the high torque ripple. In order to reduce and compensate the negative torque from tail current, the proposed control scheme produces an additional compensating torque with a reference torque in the active phase winding. And the compensating value is dependent on the tail current of the inactive phase winding. Furthermore, the switching signals of the outgoing phase are fully turned off to restrict the extended tail current, and the torque error of the outgoing phase is compensated by the incoming phase. The proposed modified TSF control scheme is verified by the computer simulations with 30,000[rpm] high speed 4/2 SRM. The simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.

Surface Temperature Measurement in Microscale with Temperature Sensitive Fluorescence (온도 민감 형광을 이용한 마이크로 스케일 표면온도 측정)

  • Jung Woonseop;Kim Sungwook;Kim Ho-Young;Yoo Jung Yul
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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    • v.30 no.2 s.245
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    • pp.153-160
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    • 2006
  • A technique for measuring surface temperature field in micro scale is newly proposed, which uses temperature-sensitive fluorescent (TSF) dye coated on the surface and is easily implemented with a fluorescence microscope and a CCD camera. The TSF dye is chosen among mixtures of various chemical compositions including rhodamine B as the fluorescent dye to be most sensitive to temperature change. In order to examine the effectiveness of this temperature measurement technique, numerical analysis and experiment on transient conduction heat transfer for two different substrate materials, i. e., silicon and glass, are performed. In the experiment, to accurately measure the temperature with high resolution temperature calibration curves were obtained with very fine spatial units. The experimental results agree qualitatively well with the numerical data in the silicon and glass substrate cases so that the present temperature measurement method proves to be quite reliable. In addition, it is noteworthy that the glass substrate is more appropriate to be used as thermally-insulating locally-heating heater in micro thermal devices. This fact is identified in the temperature measuring experiment on the locally-heating heaters made on the wafer of silicon and glass substrates. Accordingly, this technique is capable of accurate and non-intrusive high-resolution measurement of temperature field in microscale.

Smooth Torque Speed Characteristic of Switched Reluctance Motors

  • Zeng, Hui;Chen, Zhe;Chen, Hao
    • Journal of Power Electronics
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.341-350
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    • 2014
  • The torque ripple of switched reluctance motors (SRMs) is the main disadvantage that limits the industrial application of these motors. Although several methods for smooth-toque operation (STO) have been proposed, STO works well only within a certain torque and speed range because of the constraints of the supply voltage and peak current. Based on previous work that sought to expand the STO range, a scheme is developed in this study to determine the maximum smooth torque range at each speed. The relationship between the maximum smooth torque and speed is defined as the smooth torque speed characteristics (STSC), a concept similar to torque speed characteristics (TSC). STSC can be utilized to evaluate torque utilization by comparing it with TSC. Thus, the concept benefits the special design of SRMs, especially for the generation of smooth torque. Furthermore, the torque sharing function (TSF) derived from the proposed method can be applied to STO, which produces a higher smooth torque over a wider speed range in contrast to four typical TSFs. TSimulation and experimental results verify the proposed method.

Changing Pattern and Comparison of Nutritional States before and after Nasogastric Tube Feeding for the Severe Brain Injury Patients in Critical Period (초급성기 중증 뇌 손상 환자의 영양 상태 변화양상과 인공영양 전·후의 영양 상태에 대한 비교)

  • Park, Jong-Suk;Oh, Hyun-Soo;Seo, Wha-Sook;Seo, Yeon-Ok
    • Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.44-54
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    • 2008
  • Purpose: The purpose of the study were to examine the nutritional status of severe brain injury adult patients in critical period, and to compare the nutritional states before and after tube feeding. Methods: Data from 19 patients admitted to the SICU in a university hospital due to severe brain injury were analyzed. Nutritional states were measured by anthropometric and blood biochemical indicators. Results: MAC and MAMC were significantly decreased only at 7 days after admission compared with those on the day of admission. TSF was significantly decreased from 7 days to 14 days after admission. Fat rate was significantly decreased from 3 days to 14 days after admission. Hb was significantly decreased only at 3 days after admission. Albumin was significantly decreased from 3 days to 14 days after admission. However, lymphocyte was significantly increased at 14 days after admission. TSF and Albumin became significantly worse even after initiating tube feeding. Conclusions: Nutritional status of severe brain injury patients in SICU became worse after admission whichever indicators were adopted to evaluate nutritional status, anthropometric or blood biochemical indicators, and became worse even after initiating tube feeding.

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