• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.107-111
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• 1996

Studies on the effects of protein levels on the total sulphur amino acid (TSAA) requirements of chickens were conducted on the starter broilers by feeding four levels of crude protein(16, 18, 20 and 23%) at three levels of TSAA (0.83, 0.93 and 1.03%) and on the grower broilers by feeding three levels of crude protein (16, 18 and 20%) at three levels of TSAA(0.72, 0.79 and 0.86%). The metabolisable energy of the diets was maintained constant at 3,200 kcal/kg and the experiments were carried out for two growing periods: starter (0-3 wk) and grower (3-6 wk). The results showed that there were significant differences in body weight gain, feed intake and feed:gain ratio under different protein levels of the starters. Crude protein, ME and TSAA intake were significantly affected by increasing the CP levels. The TSAA requirement of the starter broilers is recommended at 0.93% and it is not influenced by different protein levels used in the experiment. For the grower period, body weight gain and feed:gain ratio improved significantly at higher protein diets. Birds fed higher protein diet consumed greater quantities of protein. Responses to TSAA supplementation for body weight gain, feed intake and feed:gain ratio were not significant. The present results showed that the TSAA level of 0.79 to 0.86% was required for grower diets and that the protein levels of the diet did not influence the TSAA requirement.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제17D권4호
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• pp.311-316
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• 2010

본 논문은 가중치를 고려한 연관규칙탐사 알고리즘(WARM)을 제시한다. 각 전략적 요소항목에 가중치를 부여하는 것과, 각 전략요소 항목별로 원시 자료값을 정규화하는 것이 이 논문에서 제시하는 알고리즘의 중요한 내용을 구성하고 있다. 본 논문은 TSAA 알고리즘을 확장 발전 시킨 연구로서 전략적 중요도를 반영하는 항목으로는 각 품목의 이익기여도, 마케팅 가치, 고객만족도 등을 사용하였다. 한 대형할인점의 실제 거래자료를 사용하여 알고리즘의 성능을 검사하였으며, Apriori, TSAA 및 WARM의 세 가지 알고리즘을 사용한 탐사결과를 비교 분석하였다. 분석의 결과 세 가지 알고리즘은 연관분석 행태에 있어서 각각 독특한 탐사행태를 보이는 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.69-74
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• 1996

There levels of dietary ME (3,000, 3,200 and 3,400 kcal/kg) and four levels of Total Sulphur Amino Acid (TSAA) (0.73, 0.83, 0.93 and 1.03%) were studied in the starter period (0-3 wks) of the broilers. Three levels of dietary ME (3,000, 3,200 and 3,400 kcal/kg) combined with four levels of TSAA (0.65, 0.72, 0.79 and 0.86%) were studied in the grower period (3-6 wks). The crude protein content of the diet of the starter period was 23% while the diet of the grower period was 20%. The performance data of the starter broilers indicated that the dietary energy levels had no significant effects on body weight gain, feed intake and feed:gain ratio. However, TSAA levels had a significant influence on the growth and feed parameters. The response pattern for the grower period was similar to the starter period. The present experiment showed that in the tropics the TSAA requirement for the starter period was between 0.83 to 0.93% which is similar to the values recommended by NRC while for the grower period the TSAA requirement was between 0.79 to 0.86% at all the three energy levels which is higher than the values recommended by NRC.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.351-359
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• 2013

본 실험은 조단백질과 아미노산(Lysine/TSAA) 수준이 토종오리의 생산성 및 도체 특성에 미치는 영향을 연구하기 위해 수행되었다. 육성 전기는 토종오리 450수를 6개 처리에 공시하여 사용하였으며, 육성 후기는 육성 전기를 거친 토종오리 중 360수를 6개 처리에 공시하여 사용하였다. 육성 전기의 실험 사료는 조단백질 23 및 20% 아미노산(Lysine/TSAA)은 각각 1.31/1.09, 1.21/1.00 및 1.11/0.91와 1.11/0.91, 1.02/0.83 및 0.92/0.75였으며, 육성 후기에는 조단백질 19 및 17%, 아미노산(Lysine/TSAA)은 각각 1.00/0.79, 0.94/0.75 및 0.88/0.71와 0.88/0.71, 0.82/0.67 및 0.76/0.63로 처리하여 사용하였다. 육성 전기 실험 결과는 조단백질 수준이 증가함에 따라 생체중과 일당 증체량이 유의적으로 개선되었지만(P<0.05), 아미노산(Lysine/TSAA)과 조단백질 ${\times}$ 아미노산(Lysine/TSAA) interaction에 유의차는 나타나지 않았으며, 균일도는 조단백질, 아미노산(Lysine/TSAA) 및 조단백질 ${\times}$ 아미노산(Lysine/TSAA) interaction 모두에서 유의차가 나타나지 않았다. 육성 후기 실험 결과는 성장성적, 도체율 및 상대적 중량 모두에서 조단백질, 아미노산(Lysine/TSAA) 및 조단백질 ${\times}$ 아미노산(Lysine/TSAA) interaction간 유의차가 나타나지 않았으며, 토종오리 고기의 화학 및 물리적 특성인 육색, pH, 전단력가 및 가열 감량에서도 조단백질, 아미노산(Lysine/TSAA) 및 조단백질 ${\times}$ 아미노산(Lysine/TSAA interaction)간 유의차가 나타나지 않았다. 본 실험 결과, 토종오리는 육용종 오리와 달리 육성 후기의 경우 낮은 성장률으로 인하여 상대적으로 낮은 조단백질과 아미노산 수준이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.359-362
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• 1996

A study was conducted to assess the influence of copper on the total sulphur amino acid requirements of broiler chickens reared under two growing periods. The TSAA levels used were 0.73, 0.83, 0.93% with copper levels of 0, 125, 250 and 375 mg/kg for the starter period and the TSAA levels of 0.72, 0.79 and 0.86% with copper levels of 0, 125, 250 and 375 mg/kg for the grower period. Total feed consumption, body weight gain and feed L gain ratio were used as the parameters for the assessment. The results showed that adding copper at 250 mg/kg to the diets improved feed : gain ratio of the starter broilers and resulted in small improvement of body weight gain and feed : gain ratio of the grower broilers. Growth was depressed in relation to the reduction of feed intake on the chicks fed diet containing 375 mg/kg copper. There was a significant interaction between dietary TSAA and copper levels for feed intake, hence, indicating that the supplementation of copper at the level of 375 mg/kg increased the TSAA requirement of the starter broilers, although no interference with the requirement of grower broilers.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1984

저단백질(13% C. P.) 사료는 어린 병아리에서 단백질급원의 Net Protein Utilization가 조사하거나 또는 아미노산의 불균형을 연구할 때 적절한 방법으로 인정되고 있다. 이때의 기준 단백질로서 정제된 대두단백을 많이 이용하고 있으나 이런 사료의 제한 아미노산에 대한 연구가 되어 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 사료내 유일한 단백질급원으로서 isolated soy protein을 15% 수준으로 함유한 purified-type의 기초사료에서 제한 아미노산을 규명하고 이의 요구량을 조사하였다. 어린병아리의 기초사료에 methionine, lysine, threonine 및 tryptophan 등을 단독으로 또는 두개 이상을 같이 첨가해서 급여한 결과. methionine만이 결핍된 것으로 나타났다. 총함유황아미노산(TSAA)의 요구량을 dose-response curve 방법에 의해 반응선과 plateau선과의 상호교차점에서 구하였는데, 최대의 성장과 사료섭취량을 위한 요구량은 각각 사료단백질의 4.73%와 3.73% 수준이였다. 이들 수치를 TSAA의 섭취량을 기준으로 표시해 보면 최대성장율, 사료섭취량 및 사료효을을 위해 각각 167.7, 136.8 및 159.7mg/bird/day의 양이 필요하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.518-523
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• 2014

There are multiple experiments conducted with male Korean native ducks (KND) to evaluate the optimal levels of limiting amino acids (AA). In Exp. 1, a total of 450 one-d-old male KNDs were divided into five groups with six replicates and fed experimental diets with varying levels of lysine, total sulfur amino acids (TSAA) and threonine (T1, 0.90/0.74/0.70%; T2, 1.00/0.82/0.77%; T3, 1.10/0.90/0.85%; T4, 1.20/0.98/0.93%; T5, 1.30/1.07/1.01%) to 21 d of age. In Exp. 2, one-d-old male KND were received and fed commercial starter diet from hatching to 21 d of age, and then divided into five groups with six replicates and fed one of five diets varying levels of lysine, TSAA, and threonine (T1, 0.73/0.62/0.54%; T2, 0.80/0.68/0.60%; T3, 0.87/0.74/0.65%; T4, 0.94/0.80/0.70%; T5, 1.01/0.86/0.75%) during 22 to 56 d of age, respectively. The BW gain was linearly increased as dietary limiting AA levels increased to 1.20% lysine, 0.98% TSAA and 0.93% threonine. There were no significant differences in feed intake, gain:feed and uniformity among groups. In Exp. 2, the BW gain and gain:feed were not affected by dietary limiting AA levels. There were no significant differences in carcass characteristics and meat quality among groups. The growth performance and carcass characteristics did not show the significant response to increasing dietary limiting AA levels in KND during 22 to 56 d of age. In conclusion, the levels of lysine, TSAA and threonine necessary to maximize growth for starter phase were at least 1.20%, 0.98%, and 0.93%, respectively. On the other hands, KND require relatively low levels of limiting AA for late growth and carcass yield. The dietary levels of 0.73% lysine, 0.62% TSAA and 0.54% threonine appear to be adequate during growing phase.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2007년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.443-446
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• 2007

A new association rule mining algorithm, which reflects the strategic importance of associative relationships between items, was developed and presented in this paper. This algorithm exploits the basic framework of Apriori procedures and TSAA(transitive support association Apriori) procedure developed by Hyun and Choi in evaluating non-frequent itemsets. The algorithm considers the strategic importance(weight) of feature variables in the association rule mining process. Sample feature variables of strategic importance include: profitability, marketing value, customer satisfaction, and frequency. A database with 730 transaction data set of a large scale discount store was used to compare and verify the performance of the presented algorithm against the existing Apriori and TSAA algorithms. The result clearly indicated that the new algorithm produced substantially different association itemsets according to the weights assigned to the strategic feature variables.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.250-258
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• 2016

Objective : A common cause of failure in laminectomy surgery is when epidural, peridural, or perineural adhesion occurs postoperatively. The purpose of this study is to examine the efficacy of a temperature-sensitive, anti-adhesive agent (TSAA agent), Guardix-SG$^{(R)}$, as a mechanical barrier for the prevention or reduction of peridural scar adhesion in a rabbit laminectomy model. Methods : Twenty-six mature rabbits were used for this study. Each rabbit underwent two separate laminectomies at lumbar vertebrae L3 and L6, left empty (the control group) and applied 2 mL of the TSAA agent (the experimental group), respectively. Invasive scar formation or inflammation after laminectomy was quantitatively evaluated by measuring the thickness of the dura, the distance from the surface of dura to the scar tissues, the number of inflammatory cells in the scar tissues at the laminectomy site, and the concentration of collagen in histological sections. Results : At 6 weeks postsurgery, the dura was significantly thinner and the distance from the surface of dura to the scar tissues was greater in the experimental group than in the control group (p=0.04 and p=0.01). The number of inflammatory cells was not significantly different in the two groups (p=0.08), although the mean number of inflammatory cells was relatively lower in the experimental group than in the control group. Conclusion : The current study suggests that the TSAA agent, Guardix-SG$^{(R)}$, could be useful as an interpositional physical barrier after laminectomy for the prevention or reduction of adhesion.

• 오리마을
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• 통권114호
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• pp.46-51
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• 2012

세계적으로 오리고기 생산량은 꾸준히 증가하고 있으며, 이에 따라 최적의 생산성을 이끌어 내기 위한 영양소 요구량 설정과 배합표 작성이 필요하다. 그러나 육지새와 물새의 해부학적, 생리학적, 대사적 차이점에도 불구하고 오리 연구 데이터가 희귀하다보니 오리사료 배합을 위해 육계의 자료를 참고하는 경우가 많다. 최근의 연구결과에 따르면 현재 오리 21일령까지 아미노산 권장수준은 라이신 1.16%, 메티오닌 0.76%, 메티오닌+시스틴 0.76%(Evonik, 2010)인데 이는 0~14일령 오리의 요구량에 가깝다. 15~35일령의 오리의 경우 증체를 위해서는 현 권장수준보다 다소 높은, 메티오닌 0.54%, 총 함황아미노산(TSAA) 0.84% 이상의 요구량을 필요로 할 것으로 보인다. 하지만 36~49일령 비육말기 오리 실험에서는 각각 0.35%, 0.59%로써 기존 추정량보다 낮은 것으로 나타났으며 35일령 이후에 보다 완만한 성장을 한 결과를 확인시켜주었다. 페킨종 오리의 생산성 향상을 위해서는 아미노산 요구량과 소화율에 대한 보다 심도 있고 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것이다.