• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.329-332
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• 2005

HPMC-based novel gel formulations for the transdermal delivery of testosterone (TS) were developed, and the effect of various skin permeation enhancers was studied in vitro and in vivo. In vitro hairless mouse skin permeation of TS from the gel was investigated using Keshary-Chien diffusion cells for 8 hours at $37^{\circ}C$. In vivo plasma concentration profiles of TS after applying the gel on the abdominal skin of rat were determined using a commercial radioimmunoassay kit. Hairless mouse skin permeation of TS increased with the addition of permeation enhancers both in vitro and in vivo. Combination of diethanolamine (2%) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP, 6%) was the most effective among tested. Plasma concentration of TS significantly increased for at least 24 hours with the addition of diethanolamine and NMP. These results suggest the feasibility of the development of a HPMC-based gel formulation for the transdermal delivery of TS.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2006

Sample preparation plays a critical role in microstructure analysis using TEM. Although TEM specimen has been usually prepared by jet-polishing or Ar-ion beam milling technique. these methods could not be applied to YBCO CC which is composed of IBAD or RABiTS substrates, several buffet layers, and YBCO superconducting layer because of big difference in mechanical strengths between the metallic phase and oxide phases. To obtain useful cross-sectional information such as interface between the phases or second phases in YBCO CC, it is prerequisite to secure the large area of thin section in the cross-sectional direction. The superconducting layer or the buffer layers are relatively weak and fragile compared to the metallic substrate such as Ni-5wt%W RABiTS of Hastelloy-based IBAD, and preferential removal of weak ceramic phases during polishing steps makes specimen preparation almost impossible. Tripod polisher and small jig were home-made and employed to sample preparation. The polishing angle was maintained <$1^{\circ}$ throughout the polishing steps using 2 micrometers attached to the tripod plate. TEM specimens with large and thin area could be secured and used for RABiTS/IBAD substrate analyses. In some cases, additional Ar-beam ion milling with low beam current and impinging angle was used for less than 30 sec. to remove debris or polishing media attacked to the specimens.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2010년도 춘계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.393-395
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• 2010

본 논문은 PID 필터링된 MPEG-2 TS 데이터로부터 DSM-CC PS 패킷을 추출하여 원래의 섹션으로 구성한 후 이더넷 프레임으로 재구성하는 모듈에 전송하는 패킷변환모듈을 위한 하드웨어 모듈 설계를 제안한다. 제안된 모듈은 ALTERA 사의 IP를 토대로 수정하고 보완한 것으로써 하드웨어 기술언어인 Verilog를 이용하여 설계하였으며 모의실험을 통해 결과를 검증하였다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.310-320
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• 2017

Ginseng has been widely used for traditional medicine in eastern Asia and is known to have inhibitory effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) such as thrombosis, atherosclerosis, and myocardial infarction. Because, platelet is a crucial mediator of CVD, many studies are focusing on inhibitory mechanism of platelet functions. Among platelet activating molecules, thromboxane $A_2$ ($TXA_2$) and P-selectin play a central role in CVD. $TXA_2$ leads to intracellular signaling cascades and P-selectin plays an important role in platelet-neutrophil and platelet-monocyte interactions leading to the inflammatory response. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory mechanisms of total saponin fraction from Korean red ginseng (KRG-TS) on $TXA_2$ production and P-selectin expression. Thrombin-elevated $TXA_2$ production and arachidonic acid release were decreased by KRG-TS dose (25 to $150{\mu}g/mL$)-dependently via down regulation of microsomal cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), $TXA_2$ synthase (TXAS) activity and dephosphorylation of cytosolic phospholipase $A_2$ ($cPLA_2$). In addition, KRG-TS suppressed thrombin-activated P-selectin expression, an indicator of granule release via dephosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). Taken together, we revealed that KRG-TS is a beneficial novel compound inhibiting $TXA_2$ production and P-selectin expression, which may prevent platelet aggregation-mediated thrombotic disease.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.84-90
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• 2000

5L laboratory-scale anaerobic digester was used to study the effects of food size and washing rate of food waste on the mixed digestion with sewage sludge. Food waste was crushed with particle diameters of 4mm and 2mm and washed two to three times, and seven to eight times before feeding the batch digester. The digester with crushed of washed food waste showed better performance than that with uncrushed of unwashed to produce methane gas of reduce volatile solids. The digester with 2mm food waste showed 17.4% higher VS/TS reduction rate and 18ml higher methane production rate per gram VS input than that with uncrushed food waste, where VS and TS are volatile solid and total solids in the liquid effluent, respectively. Also food waste crushed eight times gave 8% higher VS/TS reduction rate and 11ml higher methane production rate per gram VS input than unwashed food waste.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.1010-1013
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• 1997

Nucleophilic substitution reactions of (Z)-phenylethyl (X)-benzenesulfonates with (Y)-pyridines were investigated in acetonitrile at 60 ℃ under respective pressures. The magnitudes of the Hammett reaction constants, ρX, ρY and ρZ indicate that a stronger nucleophile leads to a greater degree of bond formation of C-N and a better leaving group is accompanied by a less degree of bond breaking. The magnitude of correlation interaction term, ρij can be used to determine the structure of the transition state (TS) for the SN reaction. As the pressure is increased, the Hammett reaction constants, ρX and |ρY|, are decreased, but correlation interaction coefficient, ρXZ and |ρYZ|, are increased. The results indicate that the reaction of (Z)-phenylethyl (X)-benzenesulfonates with (Y)-pyridines probably moves from a dissociative SN2 to early-type concerted SN2 mechanism by increasing pressure. This result shows that the correlation interaction term ρij can be useful tool to determine the structure of TS, and also the sign of the product ρXZ·ρYZ can be predict the movement of the TS.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2009년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.1140-1143
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• 2009

디지털 방송기술과 네트워크 통신기술의 발전은 방송 산업의 증가, 서비스의 다양화 그리고 방송 콘텐츠의 대용량화를 가져오게 되었다. 일반적으로 방송 시스템은 저장된 파일의 방송, 카메라나 캠코더와 같은 하드웨어를 통하여 인코딩된 데이터의 방송, MPEG-TS로 인코딩 및 패킷타이징된 데이터의 방송들이 대표적이다. 이러한 방송시스템에는 개인의 PC스크린을 실시간 방송하기위한 기법이 필요할 것이며. 본 논문에서는 개인화면 실시간 방송을 위한 PC 스크린 캡처 모듈, 전송을 위한 인코딩 모듈, 다중 송수신을 위한 전송모듈 등의 시스템에 필요한 복합적인 기법을 구현하였다. 제안한 시스템은 이러한 모듈들을 통합하여 PC 스크린을 실시간으로 전송하여 시청할 수 있도록 하였다.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.355-361
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• 2002

본 논문은 MPEG-2 시스템 스트림 영역에서의 접합(splicing)이 MPEG-2 비디오 화면의 손상 없는 재생을 보장할 수 있는 방법을 연구한다. 기존의 접합은 MPEG-2 시스템의 TS 영역에서 수행하고 있는데, 비디오 문제로 한정시킨 영상편집의 관점에서 보면, 화면의 깨짐이 없는 임의의 픽처에서의 접합을 보장할 수 없다. 본 논문에서는 MPEG-2 시스템의 PES 영역에서의 비디오 화면을 고려한 접합을 다룸으로서 상위의 TS와 PS에서 동일한 목적의 접합을 수행할 수 있도록 하는 연구의 기반을 마련하고자 하였다. 그러기 위해서 먼저, 자각 다른 두 PES 스트림의 접합 시 발생하는 문제와 이로 인해 비디오 화면에 미치게 되는 영향을 비교, 분석하였고. 이를 토대로, PES 영역에서 직접 비디오 화면의 재생시에 일어날 수 있는 문제의 원인을 해결하는 방안을 모색하였다. 그 결과, PES 패킷의 헤더 정보 중 PES 패킷 길이 필드 값을 이용하면, PES 패킷의 상태와 관계없이 GOP 단위의 접합을 보장할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.122-125
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• 1997

The utilization of excess whey is necessary to reduce dairy waste because the large amount of whey disposal in waste streams has caused environmental problems. During whey protein film production as the effective means of utilization of excess whey, we have examined the effects of pH, temperature, and plasticizers for water vapor permeability(WVP), tensile strength(TS), and elongation rate(%E) of the whey protein films. The 10% whey protein films had the highest WVP(28.73g$.$mm/kPa$.$day$.$㎡) and TS(1.85${\pm}$0.11Mpa). But, in this case, an increase of WVP was caused by the thickness of whey protein films. At the concentration of 8% whey protein, appropriate thickness was obtained. Whey protein films prepared at the pH 6.75 and 95$^{\circ}C$ showed lower WVP(28.38g$.$mm/kPa$.$day$.$㎡) and elongation rate(12.9%) and higher TS value(3.769${\pm}$0.407 MPa) than at the pH 6.75 and 75$^{\circ}C$. As the temperature increased, WVP of films decreased slightly and tensile strength increased slightly, while elongation rate decreased significantly. Higher WVP and TS were observed at pH6.75 compared to pH7-9. In contrast, significantly higher elongation was observed at pH 9comapred to pH6.75-8. Among the plasticizer types used, the addition of sorbitol showed the highest TS value(6.244${\pm}$0.297 MPa) at the concentration 0.4g sorbitol and elongation rate(49%) at the concentration of 0.6g sorbitol.

• KIEE International Transactions on Power Engineering
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• 제5A권2호
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• pp.116-124
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• 2005

This paper presents an application of the parallel Genetic Algorithm-Tabu Search (GA- TS) algorithm, and that is to search for an optimal solution of a reconfiguration in distribution systems. The aim of the reconfiguration of distribution systems is to determine the appropriate switch position to be opened for loss minimization in radial distribution systems, which is a discrete optimization problem. This problem has many constraints and it is very difficult to solve the optimal switch position because of its numerous local minima. This paper develops a parallel GA- TS algorithm for the reconfiguration of distribution systems. In parallel GA-TS, GA operators are executed for each processor. To prevent solution of low fitness from appearing in the next generation, strings below the average fitness are saved in the tabu list. If best fitness of the GA is not changed for several generations, TS operators are executed for the upper 10$\%$ of the population to enhance the local searching capabilities. With migration operation, the best string of each node is transferred to the neighboring node after predetermined iterations are executed. For parallel computing, we developed a PC-cluster system consisting of 8 PCs. Each PC employs the 2 GHz Pentium IV CPU and is connected with others through switch based rapid Ethernet. To demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed method, the developed algorithm was tested and is compared to a distribution system in the reference paper From the simulation results, we can find that the proposed algorithm is efficient and robust for the reconfiguration of distribution system in terms of the solution quality, speedup, efficiency, and computation time.