• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.137-146
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• 2012

Black porgy and fat greenling are commercially important fish species due to the continuously increasing demand in Korea. When estimating acoustically the fish length by a fish sizing echo sounder, it is of crucial importance to know the target strength (TS) to length dependence. In relation to these needs, the target strength experiments for live fishes were conducted in an acrylic salt water tank using two split-beam echo sounders operating at 70 and 120kHz. The target strength under well-controlled laboratory conditions was simultaneously measured with the swimming movement by digital video recording (DVR) system and analyzed as a function of fish length (L) and frequency (or wavelength ${\lambda}$). Equations of the form TS-alog (L)+blog (1)+c were derived for their TS-length dependence. The best fit regression of TS on fork length for black porgy was TS=20.62 log (L, m)-0.62 log (${\lambda}$, m)-30.68 ($r^2$=0.77). The best fit regression of TS on fork length for fat greenling was TS=12.06 log (L, m)-5.85 log (${\lambda}$, m)-22.15 ($r^2$=0.44).

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.111-119
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• 2001

This study analyzes time variability of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the leaf area index (LAI) and surface temperature (Ts) estimated from AVHRR data collected from across the Korean peninsula from 1981 to 1994. In the present study, LAI defined as vegetation density, as a function of NDVI applied for the vegetation types and Ts defined by the split-window formulation of Becker and Li (1990) with emissivity of a function of NDVI, are used. Results of the inter-annual, intra-annual and intra-seasonal variabilities in Korea show: (1) Inter-annual variability of NDVI is generally larger in the southem and eastern parts of the peninsula than in the western part. This large variability results from the significant mean variation. (2) Inter-annual variability of Ts is larger in the areas of smaller NDVI. This result shows that the NDVI play a small role in emissivity. (3) Inter-annual variability of LAI is larger in the regions of higher elevation and urban areas. Changes in LAI are unlikely to be associated with NDVI changes. (4) Changes in NDVI and Ts are likely dominant in July and are relatively small in spring and fall. (5) Urban effect would be obvious on the time-varying properties of NDVI and Ts in Seoul and the northern part of Taejon, where NDVI decreases and Ts increases with a significant magnitude.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.639-647
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• 1998

Al-containing titanium silicalite-1 ([Al]-TS-1) catalyst was prepared hydrothermally, and the effects of synthesis parameters such as silica/alumina sources, $SiO_2/TiO_2$ ratio, and aging treatment were investigated. The structure, crystal size, and shape were examined by XRD and SEM, and the extent of titanium incorporation into the zeolite framework was examined using UV-vis DRS spectroscopy. For [Al]-TS-1 catalyst preparation, aging of ca. 24h was essential, and the faster crystallization rates were achieved with Cab-O-Sil than with Ludox or TEOS as a silica source. In addition, the higher crystallinity and faster crystallization rate were obtained using sodium aluminate as an aluminum source. 2-butanol oxidation using $H_2O_2$ as an oxidant was carried out to confirm the redox property of the [Al]-TS-1. Acid sites catalyzed toluene alkylation study indicated that lattice titanium species in [Al]-TS-1 weakened the acid strength, and the para-ethyltoluene selectivity was enhanced as a results.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.4087-4091
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• 2012

To evaluate the relationship between polymorphisms (28 bp repeated sequences in 5'-UTR and 6-bp ins/del in 3'-UTR) in then thymidylate synthetase gene (TS) and risk of colorectal, colon and rectal cancers, we conducted a case-control study with 315 cases of colorectal cancer and 439 population-based controls in Jiangsu province, China. TS genotypes were identified using PCR.RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) methods. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated with an unconditional logistic regression model. We found that the distributions of 5'-UTR genotypes in TS were significantly different between controls and male colon cases (${\chi}^2$=8.25, P = 0.016). Compared with 3R/3R genotype, individuals with the 2R allele were at an increased risk of colon cancer (age-, BMI-, smoking- and alcohol drinking-adjusted OR=1.98, 95%CI: 1.11-3.53) among men. In ccontrast, the 6-bp ins/del polymorphism at the TS 3'- UTR did not influence risk of the colorectal, colon and rectal cancers. When combined genotypes for both TS 5'-UTR and 3'-UTR polymorphisms were evaluated, individuals with the 5'-UTR 2R allele had a OR of 3.61 (95%CI: 1.38-9.49) for colon cancer among men with the 3'-UTR .6bp/-6bp genotype. These results show that the polymorphism of the 28 bp repeated sequences in TS 5'-UTR could influence susceptibility to colon cancer and that there was a coordinated effect between TS 3'-UTR and 5'-UTR polymorphisms in increasing risk of colon cancer among Chinese men.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.36-41
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• 2016

Changes in target strength (TS) values of sandfish when sandfish was alive and dead were investigated using ex-situ at 120 kHz. TS values measured by tilt angles with -50~+50 degrees showed ranges from -71.0 to -53.3 dB for live sandfish, -63.1~-46.3 dB for thawed sandfish, and -70.0~-50.4 dB after 24 hours from thawed, respectively. It was shown that while TS values were similar between the case of live and the case of after 24 hours from thawed, mean TS values were higher by approximately 5 dB in the case of immediate thawed sandfish. It was also seen that TS values were similar between the case of thawed sandfish and the case of after 21 hours from live. The results showed that TS values of live sandfish were different from those of frozen sandfish. It implies that when estimating TS of frozen fish, the influx of bubbles and changes of body should be considered.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2015

This study demonstrates a polyimide nerve cuff electrode with a conductive polymer for improving recording signal quality at peripheral nerve. The nerve cuff electrodes with platinum (Pt), iridium oxide (IrOx), and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): p-toluene sulfonate (PEDOT:pTS) were fabricated and investigated their electrical characteristics for improving recorded nerve signal quality. The fabricated nerve cuff electrodes with Pt, IrOx, and PEDOT:pTS were characterized their impedance and CDC by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry. The impedance of PEDOT:pTS measured at 1 kHz was $257{\Omega}$, which was extremely lower than the value of the nerve cuff electrodes with IrOx ($15897{\Omega}$) and Pt ($952{\Omega}$), respectively. Furthermore, the charge delivery capacity (CDC) of the nerve cuff electrode with PEDOT:pTS was dramatically increased to 62 times than the nerve cuff electrode with IrOx. In ex-vivo test using extracted sciatic nerve of spaque-dawley rat (SD rat), the PEDOT:pTS group exhibited higher signal-to-interference ratio than IrOx group. These results indicated that the nerve cuff electrode with PEDOT:pTS is promising for effective implantable nerve signal recording.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.412-419
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• 2009

In order to study the inheritance of watermelon seed size, we used six watermelon lines of different seed sizes as parental lines. Six lines include three accessions, 'PI525088' with giant seed (GS), 'Charleston Gray' with big seed (BS), and 'NT' with normal medium size seed (NS), and three near isogenic lines, 'NTss' with small seed (SS), 'NTms' with micro seed (MS) and 'NTts' with tomato seed size (TS) bred by crosses between accession 'NT' of normal seed size and accession 'TDR' of the smallest seed size,. We inspected $F_1$, $F_2$, $BC_1F_1$ (P1), $BC_1F_1$ (P2) populations from the crosses between the adjacent seed size materials like $GS{\times}BS$, $BS{\times}NS$, $NS{\times}SS$, and $MS{\times}TS$, and two crosses between parental lines showing relatively big difference in seed size such as $GS{\times}TS$ and $NS{\times}TS$. Partial single dominant inheritance patterns were observed between $GS{\times}BS$, $NS{\times}SS$, and $MS{\times}TS$ and inheritance patterns based on two genes or more than two genes were speculated between $BS{\times}NS$. A very wide segregation range was observed from the population of $GS{\times}TS$ indicating many quantitative genes involved in the seed sizes. Overall, we speculated that more than six genes are involved in between the biggest and smallest seed size watermelon and three major genes between the normal seed size and the smallest seed size watermelon.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.1034-1041
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• 2020

Objective: The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of shade allocation and shade plus fan on growth performance, dietary energy utilization and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle under tropical ambient conditions Methods: Two trials were conducted, involving a total of 1,560 young bulls (289±22 kg BW) assigned to 24 pens (65 bulls/pen and 6 pens/treatment). Pens were 585 ㎡ with 15 m fence line feed bunks. Shade treatments (㎡ shade/animal) were: i) limited shade (LS) to 1.2 ㎡ shade/animal (LS_1.2); ii) limited shade to 2.4 ㎡ shade/animal (LS_2.4); iii) total shade (TS) which correspond to 9 ㎡/animal, and iv) total shade equipped with fans (TS+F). Trials lasted 158 and 183 days. In both studies, the average weekly maximum temperature exceeded 34℃. Results: Increasing shade allocation tended (p = 0.08) to linearly increases average daily gain (ADG), and dry matter intake (DMI, quadratic effect, p = 0.03). This effect was most apparent between LS_1.2 and LS_2.4. Shade allocation, per se, did not affect gain efficiency or estimated dietary net energy (NE). Compared with TS, TS+F increased (p<0.05) ADG, gain efficiency, and tended (p = 0.06) to increase dietary NE. There was a quadratic effect of shade on longissimus area and marbling score, with values being lower (p<0.01) for LS_2.4 than for LS_1.2 or TS. Likewise, marbling score was lower for TS+F than for TS. Percentage kidney, pelvic, and heart (KPH) linearly decreased with increasing shade. In contrast, KPH was greater for TS than for TS+F. Conclusion: Providing more than 2.4 ㎡ shade/animal will not further enhance feedlot performance. The use of fans in combination with shade increases ADG and gain efficiency beyond that of shade, alone. These enhancements were not associated with increased DMI, but rather, to an amelioration of ambient temperature humidity index on maintenance energy requirement.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.82-97
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• 2001

In this paper, we describe a software implementation of a digital TV stream analyzer that can be used for analyzing and verifying digital TV bitstreams on personal computes. It accepts as input MPEG-2 transport streams (TS's) already stored on hard disks and doesn't require any special hardware. After classifying TS packets into program specific information(PSI) TS section auido, video, program clock reference (PCR) private data and null packets, it displays their contents through a graphic user interface along with the syntax elements of the TS header. Also it displays the decoded I frame nearest in time axis the TS packet currently shown This feature helps pin pointing the specific location of problematic parts in bitstreams. The bitsteam analyzer provides the compliance test of MPEG-2 Systems standard and the data injection functionality with which one can easily insert additional data to existing MPEG-2 bitstreams. Using the resulting system one can produce at low test streams for interactive broadcasting and data broadcasting for laboratory use.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.6-11
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• 2012

In order to understand a process of contaminants removal on surface of Cu seed layer (Cu seed/Ti/Si) by sputter deposition, we investigated the changed morphology and states of Cu seed surface after pretreatment in alkali degreasing Metex TS-40A solution according to dipping time. After TS-40A pretreatment, the surface morphology with clearer grains was observed by Field emission scanning electron microscope and the changed surface chemical states and impurities on surface of samples were checked by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Dipping time in TS-40A solution had very little effect on surface of Cu seed layer. After pretreatment, much carbons and little oxygens on surface of Cu seed were eliminated and the decrease of peaks corresponded to O=C and $Cu(OH)_2$ was estimated. However, Si content (=silicate) was detected on sample surface. We think that the silicate impurity forms on Cu seed by chemical reaction of TS-40A solution included silicate component. By pretreatment of alkali degreasing Metex TS-40A solution, it showed an excellent effect in removal of O=C and $Cu(OH)_2$ on Cu seed layer, but the silicate was formed on surface of Cu seed. Therefore, another cleaning process such as acid cleaning is required for removal of this silicate in use of this alkali degreasing.