• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.398-408
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• 2021

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical validity of the modified tunneling technique using minimal soft tissue harvesting and volume-stable collagen matrix in the anterior mandible. Methods: In total, 27 anterior mandibular teeth and palatal donor sites in 17 patients with ≥1 mm of gingival recession (GR) were analyzed before and after root coverage. For the recipient sites, vertical vestibular incisions were made in the interdental area and a subperiosteal tunnel was created with an elevator. After both sides of the marginal gingiva were tied to one another, a prepared connective tissue graft and volume-stable collagen matrix were inserted through the vestibular vertical incision and were fixed with resorbable suture material. The root coverage results of the recipient site were measured at baseline (T₀), 3 weeks (T₃), 12 weeks (T₁₂), and the latest visit (T_l). For palatal donor sites, a free gingival graft from a pre-decided area avoiding the main trunk of the greater palatine artery was harvested using a prefabricated surgical template at a depth of 2 mm after de-epithelization using a rotating bur. In each patient, the clinical and volumetric changes at the donor sites between T₀ and T₃ were measured. Results: During an average follow-up of 14.5 months, teeth with denuded root lengths of 1-3 mm (n=12), 3-6 mm (n=11), and >6 mm (n=2) achieved root coverage of 97.01%±7.65%, 86.70%±5.66%, and 82.53%±1.39%, respectively. Miller classification I (n=12), II (n=10), and III (n=3) teeth showed mean coverage rates of 97.01%±7.65%, 86.91%±5.90%, and 83.19%±1.62%, respectively. At the donor sites, an average defect depth of 1.41 mm (70.5%) recovered in 3 weeks, and the wounds were epithelized completely in all cases. Conclusions: The modified tunneling technique in this study is a promising treatment modality for overcoming GR in the anterior mandible.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.95-107
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• 2022

This study attempted to develop a bodice prototype suitable for the 20's obese male's trunk with a BMI of 25kg/m² or more, which is distinguished from the standard body type. Through this, it was intended to provide data to help the development of clothing for obese males. Patterns such as front bodice shoulder line and front sagging were modified through primary appearance and garment pressure evaluation. Through the second evaluation, corrections such as back armhole, back waistline, and front sagging were performed. Through the third evaluation, the final pattern drafting method was developed by removing the front sagging added through the second evaluation. In the case of obese male body types in their 20s, a drafting method distinguished from the standard body type was required in the method of setting the front and back waist lines, back armhole darts, and front shoulder lines due to protruding and posture of the abdomen. This study was meaningful in that it presented a bodice prototype drafting method suitable for the 20s obese males. In the follow-up study, it is thought that actual clothing experiments and studies to develop clothing patterns by applying them to obese male tops in their 20s should be conducted.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.25-33
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• 2023

Purpose : Stabilization exercise and respiratory muscle training are used to train trunk muscles that affect postural control and respiratory function. However, there have been no studies that combine stabilization exercise and respiratory muscle training. The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of stabilization exercise with and without respiratory muscle training on respiratory function and postural sway. Methods : Fifteen healthy adults were recruited for this experiment. All the subjects performed stabilization exercise with and without respiratory muscle training. For stabilization exercise with respiratory muscle training, the subjects sat on a gym ball wearing a stretch sensor. The subjects inspire maximally as long as possible during lifting one foot off the ground, alternately for 30 seconds. The stretch sensor was placed on both anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), and the stretch sensor was used to monitor inspiration. For stabilization exercise without respiratory muscle training, the subjects sat on a gym ball and lifted one foot off the ground, without respiratory muscle training. Kinovea program used to investigate postural sway tracking during exercise. The maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) were measured using a spirometer to investigate changes of respiratory muscle strength before and after exercise. A paired t-test was used to determine significant differences postural sway tracking, MIP, and MEP between stabilization exercise with and without respiratory muscle training. Results : There were significantly lower a distance of postural sway tracking during stabilization exercise with respiratory muscle training, compared with stabilization exercise without respiratory muscle training (p<.05). The MIP and MEP were significantly increased after stabilization exercise with respiratory muscle training compared with before stabilization exercise with respiratory muscle trianing (p<.05). Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that stabilization exercise with repiratory muscle training would be recommended to improve postural control and respiratory muscle strength.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2023

Cow pea (Vigna unguiculata) was intercropped with Ziziphus spina-christi as summer forage in two consecutive seasons of 2017 and 2018. The aims to find out suitable agroforestry practice for saline soils of Khartoum State. And to investigate effect of tree spacing on forage biomass yield under semi -irrigated systems. Completely randomized block design with 3 replicates was conducted for this trial. Thus Z.spina-christi that fixed at 4×4 m was intercropped with cowpea at 1 m and 1.5 m spacing from trees trunk. Tree growth parameters were measured in terms of tree height, tree collar diameter, tree crown diameter and fruit yield per tree. While crop were parameters were determined in terms of plant height, number of plant, forage biomass yield per ha and land equivalent ratio. Soil profile of 1×1 m and 1.5 m depth was excavated and its features were described beside its chemical and physical properties were analyzed for 0-10 cm, 0-30 cm, and 30-60 cm and 60-100 cm layers. The results revealed that soil pH, CaCO₃, SAR, ESP, and EC ds/m were increased by increasing soil depths. Meanwhile tree growth in terms of tree height was significant in the first season 2017 when compared with tree collar diameter and tree crown diameter. Also significant differences were recorded for tree growth when compared with sole trees in the second season in 2018. Tree fruit showed marked variations between the two seasons, but it was higher under intercropping particularly at ZS2. Crop plant height was highly significant under sole cropping than intercropping in first season in 2017. In contrast forage biomass yield was significant under intercropping in ZS1 and ZS2 treatments. Land equivalent ratio was advantageous under this agroforestry system particularly under ZS2. Thus it recorded 5 and 9 for ZS2 in the two consecutive seasons respectively. Therefore, it is feasible to introduce this agroforestry system under such arid lands to provide summer forage yield of highly nutritive value and low cost for animals feed as well as to increase farmers' income and to halt desertification and to sequester carbon.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.128-135
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• 2023

Background: Despite the fact that aquatic exercise is one of the most popular alternative treatment methods for children with cerebral palsy (CP), there are few research regarding its effectiveness. Objects: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aquatic exercise on upper extremity function and postural control during reaching in children with CP. Methods: Ten participants (eight males and two females; 4-10 years; Gross Motor Function Classification System levels II-IV) with spastic diplegia were recruited to this study. The aquatic exercise program consisted of four modified movements that were selected from the Halliwick 10-point program to enhance upper extremity and trunk movements. The participants attended treatment two times a week for 6 weeks, averaging 35 minutes each session. The Box and Block Test (BBT), transferring pennies in the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test (BOT), and pediatric reaching test (PRT) scores were used as clinical measures. Three-dimensional motion analysis system was used to collect and analyze kinematic data. Differences in BBT and BOT values among pre-treatment, post-treatment, and retention (after 3 weeks) were analyzed using a Friedman test. In addition, the PRT scores and variables (movement time, hand velocity, straightness ratio, and number of movement units) from the three-dimensional motion analysis were tested using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The significance level was established at p < 0.05. When the results appeared to be statistically significant, a post-hoc test for multiple comparisons was performed with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: All clinical measures, which included BBT, transferring pennies of BOT, and PRT, were significantly increased between pre-intervention and post-intervention scores and between pre-intervention and retention scores after treatment (p = 0.001). Three-dimensional motion analysis mostly were significantly improved after treatment (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Aquatic exercise may help to improve body function, activity, and participation in children with varying types of physical disabilities.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.749-757
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of stability on one leg standing posture in yoga practice. Thirteen women college student who have never done yoga participated in this study. In order to collect data before and after yoga practicing for two years, we were used 3D motion capture system and electromyography. The results were as follows. First, ranges of motions for Y axis of left knee joint and X axis of right ankle joint were significantly different in dancer posture(p<.05), and then X axis of right ankle and Y axis of left ankle joint were significantly different in tree posture of pre and post training. Second, the planar alignment angle of trunk-pelvis was not significant difference in dancer and tree posture. Third, CoM-distances of Y, Z directions were significant difference in the tree posture(p<.05). Fourth, Muscle activities of both rectus abdominis, erector spinae and left quadriceps were significant difference in tree posture(p<.05). These findings suggested that yoga training played important roles in stable postures as results of decreasing rotation ankle joint and movement of CoM and enforcing core muscles. This study provides evidence for effectiveness of the stability on standing posture and can get a great effect on posture correction by means of yoga training. Hereafter, study on alignment angle, which is a measurement of postural stabilization will be needed by future yoga training.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.829-840
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigated into the kinematics and ground reaction force for gait on induced stereoacuity in normal subjects with normal sight. Eighteen subjects who passed the stereoacuity testing were participated in the experiment(age: 22.1±2.7 years, height: 176.8±4.4 cm, weight: 67.6±5.8 kg). The study method adopted 3D analysis with six cameras and ground reaction force with two force-plates. The results were as follows; In gait velocity, obstacle crossing gait was slower than flat gait. In angular displacement of hip joint, mostly obstacle crossing gait was more flexed than flat gait. In angular displacement of knee joint, obstacle crossing gait was more flexed than flat gait, and stereoacuity reduction gait in TO and FC2 were more flexed than normal vision gait. In angular displacement of ankle joint, obstacle crossing gait in FC2 was more flexed than flat gait. In trunk tilt, obstacle crossing gait in MSt, TO and MSw were more extended than flat gait. In GRF, there was no significant in Fx, obstacle crossing gait in right and left foot were bigger propulsion force than flat gait, obstacle crossing gait in right and left foot were bigger braking force than normal vision gait in Fy, and obstacle crossing gait in right and left foot were bigger than flat gait in peak F1 and peak F2 of Fz, and stereoacuity reduction gait in right foot was lower than normal vision gait in valley force of Fz.

• Journal of the Korean Burn Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the thermal protective function of firefighter clothes and gloves through real scale fire simulations. Methods: Firstly, the fire simulation by real scale flame was performed for firefighter clothes. A manikin equipped with firefighter clothes was directly exposed to flames which energy average is 84 Kw/m². for 22 seconds. Heat flux gauges attached on the body measured surface temperature elevation. Secondly, we also performed the other fire simulation by hot plate exposure to firefighter gloves. Firefighter gloves with heat flux gauges exposed hot plate which temperature is 300℃ in both dry and moist conditions. Primary outcome was surface temperature change of manikin body (first simulation) and hand (second simulation) over times. Results: In the first flame simulation, the surface temperature of face and shoulders elevated more rapidly comparing with the other body surface area when initial period of flame shutter open. After 18sec of shutter open, the surface temperature of upper trunk elevated rapildy. After shutter closure, high surface temperature kept continuously on right side of face and left shoulder. In the second hot plate simulation, fingers and palms showed higher surface temperature than the other areas of hands in the both dry and wet conditions. Conclusion: This study suggests that the real scale flame enables firefighter clothes to lose their heat protective function suddenly after 18 seconds. Additionally, the protective function of firefighter gloves were relatively weaker in the palmar side of fingers than the other parts of hand. There should be additional study for evaluate thermal protection performance of firefighter clothes. And, further effort for reinforce palmar side of fingers of firefighter gloves should be done.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.101-114
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• 2006

This study was examined the effective nonverbal behavior cues of detecting suspects' lies in the investigation scene. In order to search the suspects who drank the alcohol liquor without a permission, 18 soldiers were interviewed. 8 solders had drunken alcohol and had lied when was asked(lie group). The other 10 soldiers hadn't drunken alcohol and had told the truth(truth group). The mean frequencies of nonverbal behaviors were compared lie group with truth group. The following behaviors were measured by frequency: vocal characteristics (high pitch of voice, speech hesitations, speech error, frequency of pauses, period of pauses, latency period), facial characteristics (gaze, smile, touching face, blinking, facial micro-expression), body movement (illustrators, hand and finger movement, leg and foot movement, head movement, trunk movement, shifting position). As results, this study found that deception cues were periods and frequencies of pause, micro-expression, head movements. The lie group had less periods and frequencies of pause, and more micro-expression, head movements than truth group. But, this study didn't found Othello's error cues.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.113 no.2
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• pp.210-221
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• 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effects of forest walking based on an exercise prescription on body composition of older adults. Forty-four older adults (average age: 69.3 ± 3.1 years) participated in this study. The experimental group engaged in forest walking based on a prescribed exercise intensity considering the participants' respective health conditions. The participants walked three times a week for more than an hour each time for 8 weeks. By contrast, the participants in the control group spent their days according to their usual lifestyle. The analysis involved the following: ① a comparison of the measurements taken before and after the 8-week period of forest walking in the experimental group, ② a comparison between pre- and post-study measurements in the control group, and ③ a comparison of the changes (post-study minus pre-study values) between the experimental and control groups. The results were as follows: ① the experimental group showed significant decreases in weight, body fat mass, and body mass index; ② the control group exhibited significant decreases in muscle mass and ratio in right arm and left leg, muscle ratio in trunk, and body water mass in right arm; and ③ weight and body fat index decreased in the experimental group but increased in the control group. In conclusion, forest walking based on an exercise prescription had a positive impact on body composition of older adults.