• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.9-21
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• 2011

This study is conducted to know the change in water environment of Lake Hwajinpo from 2000 to 2008 with physico-chemical parameters; salinity, dissolved oxygen, total phosphorus and total nitrogen and others. And zooplanktons and phytoplanktons were studied from 2007 to 2008. From the water quality data of Lake Hwajinpo from 2000 to 200S; water temperature, salinity, transparency, chemical oxygen demand and dissolved oxygen ranges are $2.8{\sim}29.4^{\circ}C$, 0.23~33.2‰, $0.2{\sim}1.8\;m$, $0.2{\sim}20.2\;mg\;L^{-1}$ and $0.1{\sim}17.4\;mg\;L^{-1}$ and the average values are $18.0^{\circ}C$, 15.7‰, 0.7 m, $5.7\;mg\;L^{-1}$ and $8.0\;mg\;L^{-1}$, respectively. Total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) ranges are $0.024{\sim}0.869\;mg\;L^{-1}$ (average 0.091) and $0.240{\sim}5.310\;mg\;L^{-1}$ (average 1.235). Average TN/TP ratio is 16.4. The annual variations in COD, TP, TN and Chl.${\alpha}$ are compared. COD in 2000 is $4.83\;mg\;L^{-1}$ and 2008 is $1.80\;mg\;L^{-1}$ which is reduced by $0.34\;mg\;L^{-1}$ every year. TP in 2000 is $0.07\;mg\;L^{-1}$ and 2008 is $0.05\;mg\;L^{-1}$ reduced gradually. Yearly reduction in TN is $0.09\;mg\;L^{-1}$, in 2000 and 2008 the values are $1.54\;mg\;L^{-1}$ and $0.77\;mg\;L^{-1}$ respectivly. Chl.${\alpha}$ in 2000 is $46.30\;{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ and $5.78\;{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ in 2008; yearly reduction is $4.50\;{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$. The tropic state index (TSI) in south and north parts of Lake Hwajinpo in 2000 are 67 and 63 which are reduced to 63 and 59 in 2008 respectively. North and south part of Lake Hwajinpo have 67 species of phytoplankton under 47 families in 2007 and 2008. Dominant species in south part in 2007 are; Asterococcus superbus in May, Lyngbya sp. in September and Trachelomonas spp. in November and in 2008 Anabaena spiroides in August are abundant and varies with time. Zooplankton species in Lake Hwajinpo are 25 of 25 families. Dominant species in south part in May and August 2007 and May and November in 2008 Copepoda larvae and in September 2007 Protozoa spp. of Protozoan and Brachionus plicatilis and Brachionus urceolaris of Cladocera in August 2008. Dominant species in north part Asplanchna sp. of Cladecera in August and November 2007 and rest of the time are larvae of Copepoda. In this way, the water quality of Lake Hwajinpo is changing with slow rate in the long period specially nutrients concentration (TP, TN etc) is decreasing.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.13
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• pp.5211-5217
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• 2015

Background: We earlier used PCR-dHPLC for mutation analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2. In this article we report application of targeted resequencing of 30 genes involved in hereditary cancers. Materials and Methods: A total of 91 patient samples were analysed using a panel of 30 genes in the Illumina HiScan SQ system. CLCBio was used for mapping reads to the reference sequences as well as for quality-based variant detection. All the deleterious mutations were then reconfirmed using Sanger sequencing. Kaplan Meier analysis was conducted to assess the effect of deleterious mutations on disease free and overall survival. Results: Seventy four of the 91 samples had been run earlier using the PCR-dHPLC and no deleterious mutations had been detected while 17 samples were tested for the first time. A total of 24 deleterious mutations were detected, 11 in BRCA1, 4 in BRCA2, 5 in p53, one each in RAD50, RAD52, ATM and TP53BP1. Some 19 deleterious mutations were seen in patients who had been tested earlier with PCR-dHPLC [19/74] and 5/17 in the samples tested for the first time, Together with our earlier detected 21 deleterious mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2, we now had 45 mutations in 44 patients. BRCA1c.68_69delAG;p.Glu23ValfsX16 mutation was the most common, seen in 10/44 patients. Kaplan Meier survival analysis did not show any difference in disease free and overall survival in the patients with and without deleterious mutations. Conclusions: The NGS platform is more sensitive and cost effective in detecting mutations in genes involved in hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancers.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.56-61
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• 2011

This study was performed to investigate effective extract conditions in fronds of the Ostrich fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris) to increase antioxidant compound contents and antioxidant capacity. Powder (1 g) of lyophilizated fronds were mixed with 3 kinds of solvents (MeOH, 80% EtOH and water). Extractions were carried out using not only immersion (room temp.), heating ($60^{\circ}C$) and stirring (200rpm) for 6 hr, but also through sonication in a 42 kHz ultrasonic bath for 15, 30 and 45 min. Extracts were filtrated and measured for contents of soluble solids (SS), total polyphenols (TP; tannic acid as a standard) and total flavonoids (TF; Naringin as a standard). Antioxidant activity was expressed as $RC_{50}$ for DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging. SS (0.317 $g{\cdot}g^{-1}$ db), TP (70.90 $mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$ db) and TF (41.53 $mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$ db) contents reached their highest levels when 30 minute sonication extraction with 80% EtOH was performed, and the highest DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity was observed in the same extraction conditions ($RC_{50}$=0.14 $mg{\cdot}ml^{-1}$ and 0.09 $mg{\cdot}ml^{-1}$, respectively). From the present investigation, it can be concluded that fronds of the ostrich fern can be used as a natural material for antioxidants, and sonication for 15-30 min with 80% EtOH is an ideal extraction method for increasing their antioxidant effects and saving extraction time.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.528-532
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• 1992

The ATP-dependent protease. Clp P from Esehaichia coli has been increase the stahility with or without detergent as Triton X-100 and NP-40 in the Clp P. The C]p P proteolytic activity was remained to 0.1 M salt by $Na^{-1}$, $K^{+}$, $Li^{+}$ but was inhihited by $SO_4^{2}$. An active ATPase site in Clp A is required for A TP-dependent proteolysis by Clp protease as

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.397-405
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• 2019

The regulatory role of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) in both cancerous and noncancerous cells have been widely reported. This study aimed to evaluate the role of lncRNA GAS5 in heart failure caused by myocardial infarction. We reported that silence of lncRNA GAS5 attenuated hypoxia-triggered cell death, as cell viability was increased and apoptosis rate was decreased. This phenomenon was coupled with the down-regulated expression of p53, Bax and cleaved caspase-3, as well as the up-regulated expression of CyclinD1, CDK4 and Bcl-2. At the meantime, the expression of four heart failure-related miR-NAs was altered when lncRNA GAS5 was silenced (miR-21 and miR-142-5p were up-regulated; miR-30b and miR-93 were down-regulated). RNA immunoprecipitation assay results showed that lncRNA GAS5 worked as a molecular sponge for miR-142-5p. More interestingly, the protective actions of lncRNA GAS5 silence on hypoxia-stimulated cells were attenuated by miR-142-5p suppression. Besides, TP53INP1 was a target gene for miR-142-5p. Silence of lncRNA GAS5 promoted the activation of PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK signaling pathways in a miR-142-5p-dependent manner. Collectively, this study demonstrated that silence of lncRNA GAS5 protected H9c2 cells against hypoxia-induced injury possibly via sponging miR-142-5p, functionally releasing TP53INP1 mRNA transcripts that are normally targeted by miR-142-5p.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.240-245
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• 1999

The starches were isolated from normal (Mudeung) and waxy (Chalssal) hull-less barleys which contained similar contents of ${\beta}-glucan$ and amylose. Their water binding capacity, swelling power and solubility were analyzed. Scanning electron microscopy showed most starch granules had predominant lense shape granules. The particle size of starch granules was in the range of $0.1{\sim}30\;{\mu}m$. The higher pasting temperature was found for $Mudeung(84^{\circ}C)$ than for $Chalssal(61.5^{\circ}C)$. However, Mudeung barley had a lower peak viscosity(535 BU) than that of Chalssal(1,510 BU). Differential scanning calorymetry analysis showed that To and Tp for two starches were 57.0, $60.6^{\circ}C$ for Mudeung, and were 57.0 and $62.2^{\circ}C$ for Chalssal, respectively. Enthalpy changes were 7.9 and 13.2 J/g for Mudeung and Chalssal, respectively.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

PURPOSES : The objective of this study is to evaluate the bond strength of asphalt emulsions including polymer-modified emulsions for chip seals and fog seals using the bitumen bond strength (BBS) test. METHODS : For the laboratory testing, the Pneumatic Adhesion tensile Testing Instrument(PATTI) device is used to measure the bond strength between the asphalt emulsion and aggregate substrate based on the AASHTO TP-91. In order to conduct all the tests in controled condition, all test procedures are performed in the environmental chamber. The CRS-2L and the SBS CRS-2P emulsions are used as a polymer-modified emulsion, and then unmodified emulsion, the CRS-2, is compared for the evaluation of chip seal performance. For the fog seal performance evaluation, two types of polymer-modified emulsions and one of unmodified emulsion, the CSS-1H, are employed. For chip seal study, the BBS tests are performed at 30, 60, 120, and 240 minutes of curing times with curing and testing temperatures of $15^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, and $35^{\circ}C$. The fog seal tests are conducted at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 minutes, and 24 hours with curing and testing temperatures of $25^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$, and $35^{\circ}C$. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS : Overall, chip seal emulsions and fog seal emulsions show the similar bond strength trend. At the same testing condition, polymer-modified emulsions show better bond strength than unmodified emulsions. Also, there is no significant difference between polymer-modified emulsions. One of important findings is that the most bond strength reaches their final bond strength within one hour of curing time. Therefore, the early curing time plays a vital role in the performance of chip seals and fog seals.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.480-491
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• 2015

In this study, methods using LDC (Load Duration Curve) and watershed model were suggested to develope management targets and evaluate target achievement for non-point source pollution management considering watershed and runoff characteristics and possibility for achievement of target. These methods were applied for Saemangeum watershed which was designated as nonpoint source pollution management area recently. Flow duration interval of 5 to 40% was selected as flow range for management considering runoff characteristics and TP was selected as indicator for management. Management targets were developed based on scenarios for non-point source pollutant reduction of management priority areas using LDC method and HSPF model which was calibrated using 4 years data (2009~2012). In the scenario of LID, road sweeping and 50% reduction in CSOs and untreated sewage at Jeonju A20 and 30% reduction in fertilizer and 50% in livestock NPS at Mankyung C03, Dongjin A14 and KobuA14, management targets for Mangyung bridge, Dongjin bridge, Jeonju stream and Gunpo bridge were developed as TP 0.38, 0.18, 0.64 and 0.16 mg/L respectively. When TP loads at the target stations were assumed to have been reduced by a certain percentage (10%), management targets for those target stations were developed as TP 0.35, 0.17, 0.60 and 0.15 mg/L respectively. The result of this study is expected to be used as reference material for management master plan, implementation plan and implementation assessment for non-point source management area.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.191-197
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• 2010

The objective of this research was to determine the influence of the physical and chemical properties of root substrates used during the production of 'Maehyang' strawberry propaguleson the growth of the mother plants and the rate of daughter plant formation. Plants were cultured in plastic bags containing six different formulations of root substrates composed of: a) 50% coir dust and 50% perlite (5:5 by volume, A), b) 60% coir dust and 40% perlite (6:4, B), c) 70% coir dust and 30% perlite (7:3, C), d) 70% coir dust and 30% coconut chip (7:3 D), e) 60% coir dust and 40% coconut chip (60:40, E), or f) 50% sphagnum peat and 50% vermiculite (50:50, F). All media formulations contained a moderate level of base fertilizers. Physical and chemical properties of each formulation were determined before plant establishment and after 120 days of stock plant culture and runner production. Total porosity (TP) and container capacity (CC) of all substrate formulations were higher than 85% and 55%, respectively, allowing a suitable range of air and water holding characteristics. Formulation F provided the highest TP and CC values among the all substrate modifications evaluated. Substrate formulations A, B, C and F had higher electrical conductivity (EC) and $NO_3{^-}$-N concentrations than formulations D and E, when determined before and after plant culture. Formulations A, B, C, and F, having higher EC readings, also performed better as root substrates thanthe formulations D and E in increasing fresh and dry weights of the runners as well as the production of daughter plants per plant. The 'Maehyang' strawberry plants grown in the formulation F had the highest tissue N content, followed by those grown in substrate B, A, C, or D for 120 days after transplanting. Formulation F also facilitated accumulation of higher tissue phosphorus (P) and copper (Cu) contents compared to other treatments. Results of this experiment suggest that the chemical properties, rather than physical properties, of root substrates had a major influence on the growth of mother plants and the occurrence of healthy daughter plants during the bag-culture phase of propagation.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.65-68
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• 2006

Two cases of canine intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) were treated twice a week with injection-acupuncture (injection-AP) using 0.1 ml/acupoint. In case 1, a paralysed dog with cervical intervertebral disc disease (C3-C4), was submitted to injection-AP with dexamethasone (1 mg/ml) at session 1-2 and thiamine (25 mg/ml) at session 3-5. Injected acupoints included GV-16, GB-20, BL-10, LU-7, LI-4 and SI-6. The acupoints GV-6, GV-20 and SP-6 were added at session 2-5. Trigger point (TP) therapy with 0.2 ml of 2% lidocaine was used in session 3-5 at TP in the infraspinatus and triceps muscles. Treatment was stopped when paralysis disappeared after 5 injection-AP treatments; there were no recurrent symptoms in the follow-up period of 5 months. In case 2, an ataxic dog with lumbar IVDD (L1-L2), was submitted to injection-AP with dexamethasone at session 1 and 2 and thiamine at session 3-4. Injected acupoints included GV-6 as the main point, ST-36, GB-30, ST-40, GB-34, ST-41 and BL-40. TP therapy with 0.2 ml of 2% lidocaine was used at TP in the ileocostorum lumborum and quadriceps muscles. Treatment was stopped when ataxia disappeared after 4 treatments; there were no recurrent symptoms In the fallow-up period of 5 months. Injection-AP using dexamethasone and thiamine, combined with TP therapy using lidocaine, effectively alleviate the symptoms of canine cervical and lumbar IVDD.