• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1524-1528
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• 2004

In order to determine the extent of change in nitrogen fractions and in vitro ruminal degradability of forage protein during ensilage and the influence on nitrogen utilization by sheep, orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) were ensiled in separate 120 L silos for 5, 21 and 56 days. With respect to nitrogen fractions, fraction 1 (buffer solution soluble nitrogen), fraction 2 (buffer solution insoluble nitrogen-neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen), fraction 3 (neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen-acid detergent insoluble nitrogen), and fraction 4 (acid detergent insoluble nitrogen) were determined. Fractions 1 and 2 accounted for more than 80% of total nitrogen in orchardgrass and 90% of that in alfalfa. The proportion of fraction 1 in orchardgrass increased from 33.0% at day 0 to 52.0% after day 56 of ensiling. In the case of alfalfa silage it was 41.7% and 62.9%, respectively. Seventy percent of this increase occurred within the first 5 days of ensiling. A similar change of in vitro ruminal degradability of total nitrogen was also observed in both forages. Nitrogen retention in sheep tended to decrease as the length of ensiling increased, with a significantly positive correlation between urinary nitrogen and fraction 1, and in vitro ruminal degradability of total nitrogen.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.811-817
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• 2009

To determine changes in nitrogen contents and optimal rates as N fertilizer, we investigated nitrogen characteristics in the slurry in the respond to the application of 0, 0.5, and 1 g of ferrous sulfate or alum /25g of dairy slurry. Additions of ferrous sulfate or alum increase total nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen, available nitrogen, and predicted available nitrogen contents in dairy slurry, resulting in reduction in pH. The best results were found in the treatment with 0.5 g of ferrous sulfate or alum /25 g of dairy slurry. In conclusion, the use of ferrous sulfate or alum as on-farm amendment to dairy slurry should be represented an alternative to improve N in dairy slurry.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 2016

The main objective of this research was to estimate the total mass of nitrogen discharged from various sources in paddy field area of South Korea in 2010 and 2013. Input and output budgets for nitrogen were estimated by mass balance approach. The mass balance approach reduces the effect of flow variations, and the large scale approach minimizes local effects, resulting in easier and faster establishment of strategy for nonpoint pollution problems. Nitrogen inputs were chemical fertilizer, compost, atmospheric deposition, biological fixation, and agricultural water, while crop uptake, denitrification, volatilization, and infiltration were nitrogen outputs. The estimated total nitrogen inputs for paddy field in South Korea were $266,211ton\;yr^{-1}$, $260,729ton\;yr^{-1}$, while those of total nitrogen outputs were $168,463ton\;yr^{-1}$, $164,994ton\;yr^{-1}$ in 2010 and 2013, respectively. Annual amounts of potential nitrogen outflow from paddy field were $97,748ton\;yr^{-1}$, $95,735ton\;yr^{-1}$ in 2010 and 2013. Also, annual rate of potential nitrogen outflow were 36.7%, 36.7% in 2010 and 2013, respectively.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.154-161
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• 1988

In order to improve the quality of amino acid soysauce, this experiment was carried out as follows; koji added amino acid soysauce(KAAS) was prepared by addition of defatted soybean and meal koji into amino acid soysauce containing $0.5%{\sim}1.5%$ of total nitrogen. Various physicochemical characteristics of KAAS during aging were determined. Total nitrogen, amino-nitrogen, specific gravity, pure extract, total acidity and color were high in KAAS at high total nitrogen. After one month aging, reducing sugar was high in KAAS at high total nitrogen, but pH was high in KAAS at low total nitrogen. Ethyl alcohol was 2.07% in KAAS at 0.5% of total nitrogen after five months aging and 1.4% in KAAS at 1.5% of total nitrogen. Levulinic acid and lactic acid were high in KAAS at low total nitrogen. The results obtained above summarized as the quality of KAAS were highly good at $0.5{\sim}0.7%$ of total nitrogen after two or three months aging.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 1987

KA 101 and Xanthi-Basma were cultivated in Korea and Greece to compare the respective responses to environments on their leaf composition during 1984 and 1985. Cured leaves cultivated in Greece had brighter and greenish color with 2-4 times higher total chlorophyll and carotenoids showing higher contents of total nitrogen, nicotine, petroleum ether extract, volatile acids and neutrals, but crude ash and pH of leaves at top stalk position were lower than in Korean cultured leaves. Xanthi-Basma showed higher contents of nicotine and total nitrogen, but lower contents of reducing sugar than KA 101. There were no difference in crude ash, petroleum ether extract contents and pH of leaves. Among stalk positions, the upper stalk leaves in Greece had higher contents of total nitrogen, protein nitrogen, nicotine, petroleum ether extract and volatile acids but lower contents of reducing sugar than lower ones., whereas the supper stalk leaves in Korea had much higher contents of total nitrogen, protein nitrogen, pH, crude ash, but not higher contents of petroleum ether extract and volatile acid contents than lower stalk position. It suggest that in chemical criteria the better quality leaves are on the upper stalk position in Greece but not the same in Korea probably due to the rainy weather conditions during the later growth stage in Korea.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 2001

This study was done to examine the relationship between serum chemical values (urea nitrogen, glucose, total protein and cholesterol) of recipients and pregnancy rate following embryo transfer. Blood samples were taken from 184 Holstein heifers or cows on Day 6 or 7 (Day 0=day of estrus) to analysis for serum urea nitrogen, glucose, total protein and cholesterol concentrations. After selection of recipients, frozen Holstein embryos were thawed and directly transferred to recipients non-surgically. The average serum concentrations of urea nitrogen, glucose, total protein and cholesterol were 13.8 mg/dl, 56.5 mg/dl, 7.2 mg/dl, 124.8 mg/dl, respectively. The average concentrations of serum urea nitrogen and cholesterol were lower (P<0.05) in pregnant recipients (10.7 mg/dl, 99.2 mg/dl) than in non-pregnant recipients (13.0 mg/dl, 122.2 mg/dl), respectively, although the concentrations of glucose and total protein were not different. These results show serum urea nitrogen and cholesterol concentrations can be used important factors for selection of recipients in Holstein.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.402-408
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• 1998

A rapid processing method for fermented sauce of favorable flavor was investigated with low-usefulness marine resources. Hydrolyzed at optimal conditions for 6 hours usuing alcalase, and separated by molecularporous membrane. It's very effective for remove bitter taste at below M.W. 100 dalton, and effective at below M.W.500 dalton. Added 2% invert sugar in fermented sauce at below M.W.500 dalton, and thermal treatment at 100$^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes were improved flavor. Chemical composition of fermented sauce using hair tail were 80.7% of moisture, 2.2% of carbohydrate, 1.8% of total nitrogen, 1.6% of amino nitrogen and pH was 6.5. The ratio of amino nitrogen in total nitrogen was 77.8%. And chemical composition of fermented sauce used gizzard shad, kangdale, pen shell and oyster were similar to fermented sauce used hair tail. Total nitrogen were above 1.8% and the ratio of amino nitrogen in total nitrogen was 77.7∼84.2% in all fermented sauce. Amino acid contents in fermented sauce used hair tail, gizzard shad, kangdale, pen shell and oyster were 4,318.1mg%, 4,681.3mg%, 3,156.2mg% and 4,175.0mg%, respectively. And the predominant free amino acid were glutamic acid, lysine and glycine in all fermented sauce.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1991

A field experiment was conducted to find out the effects of nitrogen and potassium rates on the chemical constituents and physical properties of burley tobacco (1988； Burley 21. 1989； Burley 21 and KB 101) during successive two years. KB 101 was low in total nitrogen and total alkaloid contents and potassium/total nitrogen ratio of cured leaf. but high in the lightness, red and yellow color and filling power, comparing to Burley 21. The increasing rates of total nitrogen and total alkaloid contents were larger when nitrogen applied to 22.75kg/10a, but they were smaller when nitrogen applied above 22.75 kg/l0a. The potassium content, potassium/total nitrogen ratio, filling power and shatter resistance index of cured leaf were decreased by nitrogen fertilizer addition. The potassium content and shatter resistance index were increased by potassium fertilizer addition. The effect of nitrogen rate on the potassium/total nitrogen ratio of cured leaf was larger than the effect of potassium rate. When the nitrogen fertilizer being applied above 22.75 kg/l0a, there were no advantageous effects on the chemical and physical properties. It is considered to be sufficient that the potassium application is about 35.0 kg/l0a.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.209-223
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• 2007

Twenty-four wetlands located in Higashi-Hiroshima City in West Japan were selected for this study in order to investigate both the relationship between aquatic plant composition and environmental conditions; and the relationship between changing land use patterns in the catchments and the concentration of different forms of nitrogen in the wetlands. The dominant and subdominant species which comprised the principal vegetation were determined based on a vegetation census conducted in each wetland during the growing season from June to August, 2006. The seasonal variations of water quality factors (pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solid, and temperature) and different forms of nitrogen such as nitrite, nitrate, ammonium, total nitrogen, dissolved organic nitrogen and dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations were analyzed as important indicators of water quality for the surface water of the wetlands. The surveyed wetlands were classified into three types (non-disturbed wetlands, moderately-disturbed wetlands and highly-disturbed wetlands), based on the degree of human disturbance to their catchment areas. An analysis of variance indicated that there was a significant difference among the wetland groups in the annual mean values of electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total nitrogen, nitrite, dissolved inorganic nitrogen and dissolved organic nitrogen. Classification of the wetlands into three groups has revealed a pattern of changes in the composition of plant species in the wetlands and a pattern of changes in nitrogen concentrations. A majority of the non-disturbed wetlands were characterized by Brasenia schrebi and Trapa bispinosa as dominant; with Potamogeton fryeri and Iris pesudacorus as sub-dominant species. For most of the moderately-disturbed wetlands, Brasenia schrebi were shown to be a dominant species; Elocheriss kuriguwai and Phragmites australis were observed as sub-dominant species. For a majority of the highly-disturbed wetlands, Typha latifolia and T. angustifolia were observed as dominant species, and Nymphea tetragona as the sub-dominant species in the study area. An analysis of land use and water quality factors indicated that forest area played a considerable role in reducing the concentration of nutrients, and can act as a sink for surface/subsurface nutrient inputs flowing into wetland water, anchor the soil, and lower erosion rates into wetlands.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

To get the information of flue-cured leaf, the chemical constituents, quality indices, leaf color and the effects of climatic factors on the physicochemical properties of leaf produced from 2000 to 2004 crop years at 6 growing areas were analysed. The average leaf chemical contents for 5 years were as follows ; nicotine 2.22%, total sugar 28.0%, total nitrogen 1.89%, ether extracts 6.37% and chlorine 0.38%. The nicotine and total nitrogen contents were low while the total sugar were high as compared with KT&G recommended contents(nicotine ; $2.5{\sim}3.0%$, total nitrogen; $2.0{\sim}2.5%$, total sugar ; below 25.0%). The variations of physicochemical properties among crop years were high while those of growing areas relatively low. The nicotine content of leaf was negatively correlated to the rainfalls in June and July sugar content was negatively correlated to the average air temperature in June and July according to crop years. The orange colored leaves were produced under the drought and long sunshine weather condition while the lemon colored leaves were produced under the contrary condition according to crop years. Blending the different crop year's leaves in the proper way may be beneficial to produce of uniform and consistent cigarettes. It is considered that the increasing of nitrogen fertilizer or improving of nitrogen uptake may be available to increase the nicotine and nitrogen and decrease the total sugar contents of flue-cured leaf tobacco.