Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2004.1524

Change in Nitrogen Fractions and Ruminal Nitrogen Degradability of Orchardgrass and Alfalfa during the Ensiling Process and the Subsequent Effects on Nitrogen Utilization by Sheep  

Nguyen, H.V. (Nguyen Huu Van, Faculty of Animal Science, Hue University of Agriculture and Forestry)
Kawai, M. (Department of Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine)
Takahashi, J. (Department of Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine)
Matsuoka, S. (Department of Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine)
Publication Information
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences / v.17, no.11, 2004 , pp. 1524-1528 More about this Journal
Abstract
In order to determine the extent of change in nitrogen fractions and in vitro ruminal degradability of forage protein during ensilage and the influence on nitrogen utilization by sheep, orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) were ensiled in separate 120 L silos for 5, 21 and 56 days. With respect to nitrogen fractions, fraction 1 (buffer solution soluble nitrogen), fraction 2 (buffer solution insoluble nitrogen-neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen), fraction 3 (neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen-acid detergent insoluble nitrogen), and fraction 4 (acid detergent insoluble nitrogen) were determined. Fractions 1 and 2 accounted for more than 80% of total nitrogen in orchardgrass and 90% of that in alfalfa. The proportion of fraction 1 in orchardgrass increased from 33.0% at day 0 to 52.0% after day 56 of ensiling. In the case of alfalfa silage it was 41.7% and 62.9%, respectively. Seventy percent of this increase occurred within the first 5 days of ensiling. A similar change of in vitro ruminal degradability of total nitrogen was also observed in both forages. Nitrogen retention in sheep tended to decrease as the length of ensiling increased, with a significantly positive correlation between urinary nitrogen and fraction 1, and in vitro ruminal degradability of total nitrogen.
Keywords
Orchardgrass; Alfalfa; Ensiling; Nitrogen Fractions; Ruminal Degradability; Nitrogen Utilization;
Citations & Related Records

Times Cited By Web Of Science : 4  (Related Records In Web of Science)
Times Cited By SCOPUS : 4
연도 인용수 순위
1 Barker, S. B. and W. H. Summerson. 1961. The colorimetric determination of lactic acid in biological material. J. Biol Chem. 138:535-554.
2 Coblentz, W. K., I. E. O. Abdelgarir, R. C. Cochran, J. O. Fritz, W. H. Fick, K. C. Olson and J. E. Turner. 1999. Degradability of forage protein by in situ and in vitro enzymatic methods. J. Dairy Sci. 82:343-354.
3 Guan Wu-tai, G. Ashbell, Y. Hen and Z. G. Weinberg. 2002. The effects of two inoculants applied to forage sorghum at ensiling on silage characteristics. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 15 (2):218-221.
4 Krishanamoorthy, U., C. J. Sniften, M. D. Stern and P. J. Van Soest. 1983. Evaluation of mathematical model of rumen digestion and an in vitro simulation of rumen proteolysis to estimate the rumen-undegraded nitrogen content of feedstuffs. Br. J. Nutr. 50:555-568.
5 McDonald, P. and R. Whittenbury. 1973. The ensilage process. In: Chemistry and Biochemistry of Herbage Vol. 3 (Ed. G. W. Butler and R. W. Bailey). Academic Press, London. pp. 33-60.
6 Oshima, M. and P. McDonald. 1978. A review of the changes in nitrogenous compounds of herbage during ensilage. J. Sci. Food Agric. 29:497-505.
7 Van Soest, P. J., J. B. Robertson and B. A. Lewis. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3583-3597.
8 Yahaya, M. S., M. Kawai, J. Takahashi and S. Matsuoka. 2002. The effects of different moisture content and ensiling time on silo degradation of structural carbohydrates of orchardgrass. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 15 (2):213-217.
9 Ensminger, M. E., J. E. Oldfield and W. W. Heinemann. 1990. Feeds and Nutrition. The Ensminger Publishing Company, California, USA.
10 Stern, M. D., A. Bach and S. Calsamiglia. 1997. Alternative techniques for measuring nutrient digestion in ruminants. J. Anim. Sci. 75:2256-2276.
11 Calsamiglia, S., M. D. Stern and A. Bach. 2000. Enzymatic and microbial-cell preparation techniques for predicting rumen degradation and postruminal availability of protein. In: Forage evaluation in ruminant nutrition (Ed. D. J. Givens, E. Owen, R. F. E. Axford and H. M. Omed). CABI Publishing, CAB International, UK. pp. 259-279.
12 Statistical Analysis Systems Institute. 1997. SAS/STAT$\circledR$ Software: Changes and Enhancements through Release 6.12, Cary NC, USA.
13 Barnett, A. J. G. 1954. Silage fermentation. Butterworths scientific publication, London.
14 Conway, E. J. and E. O'Malley. 1942. Microdiffusion methods: ammonia and urea using buffered absorbents (revised methods for ranges greater than 10 g.N). Biochem. J. 36:655-661.
15 Nguyen, H. V., M. Kawai, J. Takahashi and S. Matsuoka. 2004. Influence of delay prior to ensiling on the nutritive quality of protein in orchardgrass silage. In: Proceedings of the 11th Asian-Australian Association of Animal Production Societies (AAAP) Congress (In press).
16 Heragty, M. P. and P. J. Peterson. 1973. Free amino acids, bound amino acids and ureides. In: Chemistry and Biochemistry of Herbage Vol. 1. (Ed. G. W. Butler and R. W. Bailey). Academic Press, London. pp. 1-62.
17 Woolfork, M. K. 1984. The silage fermentation. Marcel Dekker,Inc., New York.
18 Sniffen, C. J., D. O. O'Connor, P. J. Van Soest, D. G. Fox and J. B. Russell. 1992. A Net Carbohydrate and Protein System for Evaluating Cattle Diets: II. Carbohydrate and Protein Availability. J. Anim. Sci. 70:3562-3577.
19 Chalupa, W. and C. J. Sniffen. 1996. Protein and amino acid nutrition of lactating dairy cattle - today and tomorrow. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 58:65-75.
20 Krishanamoorthy, U., T. V. Muscato, C. J. Sniften and P. J. Van Soest. 1982. Nitrogen fractions in selected feedstuffs. J. Dairy Sci. 65:217-225.
21 Sanderson, M. A. and W. F. Wedin. 1989. Nitrogen in the detergent fibre fractions of temperature legumes and grasses. Grass Forage Sci. 44:159-168.
22 Masaki, S. 1971. Determination of water soluble carbohydrates in forage. In: Experimental methods in Animal Nutrition 1st Ed. (Ed. H. Morimoto). Yokendo, Tokyo. pp. 422-424 (in Japanese).
23 Chamberlain, A. T. and J. M. Wilkinson. 1996. Feeding the dairy cow. Chalcombe Publication. UK.