• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.40-52
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• 2007

1. Objectives and Methods The purpose of this study was to objectify the diagnosis of Sasang Constitution. 63 Male Juvenile's and 151 Female Juvenile's sentences were analyzed into 73 factors like Pitch, APQ, Shimmer, Octave and Energy, etc. Juvenile's sentences were classified into 6 categories: total Male Juvenile group, under 12 years old Male Juvenile grout, over 13 years old Male Juvenile group, total Female Juvenile group, under 12 years old Female Juvenile group and over 13 years old Female Juvenile group. 2. Results 1) In Total Male Juvenile group, there were no significant differences among constitutional groups in APQ and Octave segment. Taeumin's Center freq.(3) was significantly high compared with Soyangin group. Soeumin's Center freq.(5) was significantly high compared with Soyangin and Taeumin groups. Taeumin's Octave3 Shimmer was significantly high compared with Soeumin group. Soeumin's Octave6 Shimmer was significantly high compared with Taeumin group. Solyangin's D# Tot E was significantly high compared with Taeumin group. 2) In Under 12 years old Male Juvenile group, there were on significantly among constitutional groups in Pitch, APQ, Octave and Energy segment. Taeumin's Octave3 Shimmer and G Shimmer(1) were significantly high compared with Soeumin group. 3) In Over 13 years old Male Juvenile group, there were no signigicant differences among constitutional groups in Pitch, APQ and Shimmer segment. Soyangin's and Soeumin's Octave6 were significantly high compared with Taeumin group. Soyangin's $0k{\sim}2k$ Total Sum, $0k{\sim}2k$ Dev., $2k{\sim}4k$ Total Sum, $2k{\sim}4k$ Dev., A Dev.(1), D# Dev.(1) and G# Dev.(1) were significantly high compared with Taeumin group. Soyangin's and Soeumin's G# Tot E were significantly high compared with Taeumin group. 4) In Total Female Juvenile group, there were no significant differences among constitutional groups in Pitch and APQ segment. Soeumin's Octave4 Shimmer was significantly high compared with Soyangin group. Soyangin's Octave6 was significantly high compared with Soeumin group. Solyangin's 2k-4k Total Sum and B Tot E were significantly high compared with Soeumin group. 5) In Under 12 years old Female Juvenile group, there were no significant differences among constitutional groups in APQ and Energy segment. Soeumin's and Taeumin's Center Pitch and Pitch were significantly high compared with Soyangin group. Soyangin's Center freq.(1) and Center freq.(7) were significantly high compared with Soeumin and Taeeunin groups. Soyangin's and Taeumin's B Shimmer(1) and F# Shimmer(1) were significantly high compared with Soeumin group. Soeumin's D Shimmer(1) was significantly high compared with Soyangin group. Taeumin's and Soeumin's G# Shimmer(1) were significantly high compared with Soyangin group. Soyangin's and Taeumin's Octave2 were significantly high compared with Soeumin group. 6) In Over 13 years old Female Juvenile group, there were no significant differences among constitutional groups in Pitch, APQ and Octave segment. Soeumin's Octave4 Shimmer was significantly high compared with Soyangin group. Soyangin's B Dev.(1) and F Dev.(1) were significantly high compared with Soeumin group. 3. Conclusions In juvenile groups, some sound factors are regarded as useful. PSSC are thought to be the objertive way to diagnose the Consitution and more participants are needed to get more efficiencies using PSSC.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.174-179
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• 1999

The effect of a chronic inflammation (cell-mediated immune response) on energy metabolism and growth performance was assessed in weanling piglets. Twenty four barrows of 4 wk of age were assigned to one of two immunization treatments : Control group [CON: immunized with Incomplete Freund's Adjuvant (lFA)] or Immunization group [IMMU: immunized with Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)]. On d0, piglets were weaned and subcutaneously immunized at the medial side of the femur with 2 ml of IFA or CFA, respectively. Energy and nitrogen balances were measured per group during 13-d balance period, and total $(HP_{tot})$, activity-related ($(HP_{act})$) and non-activity-related $(HP_{cor})$ heat production were determined every 9-min by indirect calorimetry. Ig total titers to Mycobacterium butyricum, which is present in CFA, were higher (p<0.01) in IMMU than in CON on d13 (2.5 vs 1.8) and d20 (2.9 vs 1.8) after immunization. There were no differences (p>0.10) between treatments in rectal temperature, performance, feed intake, and availability and partitioning of energy during the balance period. Average daily feed intake was numerically higher in IMMU than in CON (0.34 vs 0.32 kg/d), but there was no difference (p>0.10) in metabolizability of the dietary energy between treatments. $HP_{act}/HP_{tot}$ was 16.24 and 16.89%, and retained energy was 251 and 268 $268\;kJ{\cdot}kg^{0.75}{\cdot}d^{-1}$ for CON and IMMU, respectively. Numerically, maintenance requirement of IMMU was even lower than that of CON $(419\;vs\;427\;kJ{\cdot}kg^{0.75}{\cdot}d^{-1})$. The present study suggests that a chronic inflammation has no effect on energy metabolism and growth performance, in spite of the difference in systemic antibody responses. The reason was considered to be due to locally induced immune response, resulting from the possible encapsulation at the site of injection, and/or to a low systemic immune stress which is within a functionally acceptable physiological range for the piglets.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.213-218
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• 2016

This study reviewed mineral composition on Scoria samples of this area, atomic value state of oxidized steel, and magnetic property in order to look into characteristics of scoria that was distributed in southern area of mountainous areas, Halla Mt. of Jeju Island. By XRD analysis, mineral composition was confirmed, and characteristics of iron compounds existed in samples were investigated through $M{\ddot{o}}ssbauer$ spectroscope. Composing minerals could be learnt as feldspar basalt from XRD analysis because composting minerals were composed of quartz and feldspar anorite mainly, and iron compounds were made up with olivine, pyroxene, ilmenite, hematite, and magnetite. By $M{\ddot{o}}ssbauer$ spectroscope analysis on these iron compounds. it consisted of hematite and magnetite which showed hyperfine magnetic field of sextet mostly, and also doublet by olivine, pyroxene, ilmenite could be seen as appearing together. As a result of comparing with samples of Jeju western area having been announced in previous research, I.S. and Q.S. values of olivine, $Fe^{2+}$, were 122 mm/s and 3.09~3.13 mm/s respectively, and a fact could be known that $Fe^{2+}$ olivine having similar structure each other was contained, and the ratio of $Fe^{3+}/Fe_{tot.}$. was 85.90~92.82 %. From these findings, it was able to be presumed that they belonged to samples having been formed on the land at the same period of time. As a result of investigating area ratio of tetrahedron (A site) and octahedron (B site) regarding magnetite in samples, it was turn out to be 0.22~0.55 less than 2.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1184-1189
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Hijikia fusiforme extracts on serum lipid and liver antioxidative enzyme activities in triton-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats divided into 7 groups : We injected saline to a normal group (N), saline and tween 80 to control groups (CS, CT) and tot extracts to experimental groups (CSA, CTEtOH, CTE, CTH) for 7 days and then injected triton at the last day. Serum and liver free cholesterol contents were significantly lower in hexane-treated group (CTH) than control group (CT) whereas serum HDL-cholesterol content was higher in aqueous extract group (CSA) than control group (CS). Total cholesterol and phospholipid contents in serum and liver were lower in aqueous extract group (CSA) than control group (CS). Serum and liver triglyceride contents were significantly lower in ethanol (CTEtOH) and hexane treated group (CTH) than control group (CT). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances of liver were lower in tot extract groups (CSA, CTEtOH, CTE, CTH) than control groups (CS, CT). Superoxide dismutase activities in liver were significantly lower in aqueous extracts group (CSA) and hexane treated group (CTH) than control groups (CS, CT). Liver catalase activity was the lowest in ethylacetate extract group. These results showed that some Hijikia fusiforme extracts have reduction effect of lipid and antioxidative effect in triton-induced hyperlipidemic rats.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.491-499
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• 2002

A p-version finite element model based on degenerate shell element is proposed tot the analysis of orthotropic laminated plates. In the nonlinear formulation of the model, the total Lagrangian formulation is adopted with large deflection and moderate rotation being accounted tot in the sense of yon Karman hypothesis. The material model is based on the Huber-Mises yield criterion and Prandtl-Reuss flow rule in accordance with the theory of strain hardening yield function, which is generalized lot anisotropic materials by introducing the parameters of anisotropy. The model is also based on extension of equivalent-single layer laminate theory(ESL theory) with shear deformation, leading to continuous shear strain at the interface of two layers. The integrals of Legendre polynomials are used for shape functions with p-level varying from 1 to 10. Gauss-Lobatto numerical quadrature is used to calculate the stresses at the nodal points instead of Gauss points. The validity of the proposed P-version finite element model is demonstrated through several comparative points of iew in terms of ultimate load, convergence characteristics, nonlinear effect, and shape of plastic tone.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.75-87
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• 2003

The objectives of this study are to consider the shape for children's Saenghwal Hanbok and to analyze the trend up to date. Conclusions are described as follows: 1. Children's Saenghwal Hanbok was found in magazine about Hanbok from 1994. The design was various, for it was influenced by adult's Saenghwal Hanbok. From 1997, design of children's Saenghwal Hanbok was come to stay in a revival mood. 2. The Jeogori shape for children's Saenghwal Hanbok was as follows: Git was used several traditional git and western color from the initial to the recent period: Dong-Jeong was not attached in the initial period, but mostly attached with its ends sauare from 1997; Seop was not attached or transformed in the initial period, but attached in a traditional way (trapezoid-shaped) or a new way(rectangle-shaped) from 1998. The front was fastened on the right chest; the sleeves wert long or above-elbow or three quarter sleeve; Baerae was a curved shape in the initial period, but changed into a near-straight line with a slight curve; Jin-Dong line was straight for boys, but curve or not to be tot girls; Pocket was attached for boys, not attached for girls.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 2005

As long-span and light-weight deck floor slab are flexible and have low inherent damping, the significant floor vibration could be induced by residents' activities. These floor vibrations affect to safety and serviceability of building structures. So the vibration criteria are applied to the quality assessment of building structure. Therefore, the accurate vibration analysis should be performed for the correct assessment of deck floor slab. In this paper, practical analysis method with considering orthotropic rigidity of deck floor is proposed tot the accurate vibration analysis of dock floor slabs with form deck plates.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.412-416
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• 2010

In this study, we measured the chemical shift change of metabolite peaks in the brain-metabolite phantom according to the temperature variation using nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR). The temperature range in NMR system was controled from 25 to 80 (5 step) by internal temperature controller. Temperature coefficients of each metabolite peaks were also calculated from the measured chemical shift depending on the temperature. The chemical shift changes depending on temperature were validated by linear regression method for each metabolite peaks. The temperature coefficients of $_{tot}Cr$, Cho, Cr, NAA, and Lac were 0.0086, 0.0088, 0.0091, 0.0089, and 0.0088ppm/$^{\circ}C$, respectively. This study shows that chemical shift change of brain metabolite and temperature variation have linear relationship each other. This also makes authors believe that brain temperature measurement is possible using MR spectroscopic imaging technique.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.806-819
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• 1995

A study of radiative heat heat transfer has been done in the non-orthogonal coordinate system utilizing the finite volume method and the P.1 approximation. Radiation of absorbing, emitting and scattering media in a concentric annulus has been solved using the non-orthogonal coordinate and the calculations were compared with the existing results. The results obtained from the analysis using the finite volume method are in good agreement with the existing calculations for all optical thicknesses. It was also shown that for only optically thick cases, P-1 approximation can be used in a non-orthogonal coordinate. Convective heat transfer analysis has been carried out to obtain the temperature fields in a cross flow around a circular cylinder and the finite volume method was applied in the non-orthogonal coordinate system to analyze radiative heat transfer. Effects of the optical thickness, the ratio of the surface temperature of the cylinder tot he free stream temperature, and the scattering albedo on radiation have been presented.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 2005

$LaFeO_3$ and substituted $LaFeO_3$ mixed oxides were prepared by Citrate and Cyanide method in air $850^{\circ}C$/24h. These oxides of orthorhombic perovskite were characterized by XRD and IR, but substituted $LaFeO_3$ with 0.5mol Cu at B site was not obtained single phase. Also, reduction reaction of un-substituted $LaFeO_3.17$ were two steps but each site substituted oxides were three steps reactions. These means that new reduction step of each site substituted oxides were atributed tot dopant.