• The Bimonthly Magazine for Agrochemicals and Plant Protection
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 1983

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.97-101
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• 1994

Tobacco stalks were cut and removed from the field after harvest, and urea was treated by placing it on the cutting portions of the remaining tobacco stumps. Relative virus infectivity of the root residue(compared to the fresh root residue infected with TMV) was reduced to 14.6% in December, 1993(before overwintering) and to 8.5% in March, 1994 just before transplanting, indicating that the TMV infectivity decreased remarkably, but was preserved still in the root residue in the field soil. There was no significant difference in infectivity of remaining root tissue between the treated and untreated root residue. However, as roots with urea treatment had been extensively decayed, only about one - fifth of the initial root volume remained after overwintering. TMV occurred less (by one - third) in the urea treatment than in the control, suggesting that urea treatment effectively provented tobacco from TMV infection by reducing the inoculum potential.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.51-57
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• 1980

Thirty-one Tobacco Introduction (Nicotiana tabacum L.) lines from Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, were assayed for their resistance to tobacco mosaic virus. The T.1.'s were grouped into two classes according to symptoms - symptomless and local lesion. Tobacco Introductions in the symptomless group yielded better than the local lesion group but the leaf quality was lower. The chemical composition of cured leaves was similar in both groups. Considering various agronomic characters, T.I. 1504 in the local lesion group is recommended as a new source for the breeding of TMV resistance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.161-166
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• 1993

A double - stranded cDNA fragment (436bp) encoding coat protein of tobacco mosaic virus(TMV) was derived from the total 480nucleotides gene after reverse transcription of TMV RNA, and subclorled into a plant expression vector pBl 121, resulting in pBL 430. The plasmid DNA containing this chimeric gene was moved from E. cofi to Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain A28l, and was introduced in시 the tobacco plant by the Agrobocterium Ti - mediated transformtion system. The transformants were selected on a selection media containing kanamycin. The shoots add roots could be differentiated from the explants and whole plants were obtained. From Southern blot hybridization analysis, DNA extracted from transformants, it could be conformed that the chimeric gene fragment was inserted into the genomic DNA of tobacco plant.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.771-778
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• 2013

Essential oils are increasingly of interest for use as novel drugs acting as antimicrobial and antiviral agents. In the present study, we report the in vitro antiviral activities of 29 essential oils, extracted from Chinese indigenous aromatic plants, against the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Of these essential oils, those oils from ginger, lemon, tea tree, tangerine peel, artemisia, and lemongrass effected a more than 50% inhibition of TMV at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$. In addition, the mode of antiviral action of the active essential oils was also determined. Essential oils isolated from artemisia and lemongrass possessed potent inactivation and curative effects in vivo and had a directly passivating effect on TMV infection in a dose-dependent manner. However, all other active essential oils exhibited a moderate protective effect in vivo. The chemical constitutions of the essential oils from ginger, lemon, tea tree, tangerine peel, artemisia, and lemongrass were identified by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The major components of these essential oils were ${\alpha}$-zingiberene (35.21%), limonene (76.25%), terpinen-4-ol (41.20%), limonene (80.95%), 1,8-cineole (27.45%), and terpinolene (10.67%). The curative effects of 10 individual compounds from the active essential oils on TMV infection were also examined in vivo. The compounds from citronellal, limonene, 1,8-cineole, and ${\alpha}$-zingiberene effected a more than 40% inhibition rate for TMV infection, and the other compounds demonstrated moderate activities at 320 ${\mu}g/ml$ in vivo. There results indicate that the essential oils isolated from artemisia and lemongrass, and the individual compound citronellal, have the potential to be used as an effective alternative for the treatment of tobacco plants infected with TMV under greenhouse conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.137.2-138
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• 2003

The commercial cultivars of red pepper were screened against Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) and Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV) by seedling test. Tn single infection of TMV or PMMoV, mosaic symptom was produced on the cultivars of 'Cheongyang'and 'Wangshilgun'. However, in cultivars of 'Manilla'and 'Bugang', symptoms were not occurred. In single infection of PepMoV, symptoms of mottle and malformation were produced on the tested cultivars of 'Manilla', 'Bugang', 'Cheongyang'and 'Wangshilgun' In the cultivars of 'Cheongyang'and 'Wangshilgun', synergistic symptoms of stunt and lethal death were induced by mixed infections in the two combinations of TMV+PepMoV and PMMoV+PepMoV. However, in cultivars of 'Manilla'and 'Bugang', synergistic symptom was not occurred as mottle which was milder than that of single infection. Cells were single infected with TMV and PMMoV the cultivars of 'Cheongyang'and 'Wangshilgun', respectively, had typical ultrastructures of tobamovirus as the stacked-band structure and multiple spiral aggregate (SA). Ultrastructures of cell and tissues infected with PepMoV on the cultivars of 'Cheongyang', 'Wangshilgun', 'Manilla'and 'Bugang', the potyvirus inclusions of pinwhills, scrolls, lamminated aggregates and amorphous inclusion were observed. Infected cells with a combination of TMV+PepMoV and PMMoV+PepMoV, the virus particles and inclusions of the two different viruses were found only mixed infection in the same cytoplasm and the amounts of viruses in mixed infections were abundant than in single infection. The angled-layer aggregates (ALA) was observed in the cells infected mixedly with TMV and PepMoV

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.264-268
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• 2000

A fluorescent material was accumulated in inoculated leaves showing necrotic local lesions of tobacco plants with N gene, Nicotiana tabacum cvs. Xanthi-nc NN, Samsun NN, Burley 21 and KF 114, and N. glutinosa, and Datura stramonium at the early growth stages by the inoculation of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). It was identified as a coumarin phytoalexin, scopoletin. Although the material was most prominently produced in TMV-inoculated tobacco leaves with local necrotic lesions, its accumulation was also noted in uninoculated leaves of TMV-inoculated plants. Its accumulation was somewhat greater in high resistance-induced leaves than low resistance-induced and intact leaves. Scopoletin treatment induced the expression of a pathogenesis-related protein, PR-1, prominently at the concentration of 500 or 1000 ${\mu}$g/ml. This suggests that scopoletin is a phytoalexin abundantly accumulating in N gene-containing resistant plants in response to TMV infection, and may be related to hypersensitive responses (HR) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in the resistant tobacco plants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 1993

The severities of major tobacco diseases had been surveyed throughout northern Kyeongbuk, a major flue-cured tobacco growing district in Korea, in relation to the actual control method used by the farmers in 1992. At seedling stage, anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum nicotianae was major disease of the plant due to poor damage of the temporary transplanting pots. Mosaic caused by tobacco mosaic virus(TMV) was very severe in certain of greenhouses. Although viral disease caused by TMV, cucumber mosaic virus(CMV) and by potato virus Y(PVY) were severe in fields, but mosaic by TMV was major of the diseases. Potato virus Y was found later than that in Honam district. The late occurrence of the disease might be caused the difference between cultivating method of potato plants in northern Kyeongbuk and that in Honam district. In fields suffered from hail disaster, the damage of tobacco plants by angular leaf spot was severe. Most of tobacco growers had wrong information about the practical methods not only of milk treatment for the protection of the plants from TMV, but also of fungicide applications for the control of other major diseases. It suggested that education on the methods to the farmers must be very important for control of the diseases.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 1964

A comparative study of free amino acid content in healthy and virus diseased tobacco leaves was carried out by author throughout the gorwing season from June to November of 1963. The methods of qualitative analysis of free amino acids applied in this experiment is followed by Moore and Stein. 1,2 Free amino acids determined in this experiment are shown in Fig. Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Table Ⅰ. As the figure and the table are shown, four more amino acids such as a spartic acid, glutamic acid, tyrosine and phenylalanine are detected in the healthy leaves; these four additional amino acids in the healthy leaves are conspicuous. More quantities of asparagine and alanine are detected in the diseased leaves than the healthy leaves and more quantities of tryptophan is detected in the healthy leaves. It is presumed that such amino acids as tyrosine and phenyllanine are decreased by the incooperation of free amino acid to TMV protein in the process of the process of the leaf protein metabolism which is caused by TMV-RNA trapping action in the diseased leaf protoplasm. It is thought that the decrease of asparagine and the increase of asparic acid in the healthy leaves are the results of in incooperaton of NH2, produced by the protein dissimilation in the diseased leaves, to aspartic acid; it's reaction is caused by the respiration of the diseased leaves accelerated by TMV attack. It is presumed, consequently, that the check of the diseased tobacco leave growth is influenced by the reduction of such amino acids as tryptophane and glutamic acid, which reduction may be due to the abnormal protein metabolism and the action of certain enzyme caused by TMV attack on host protoplast.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.120-125
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• 1996

Dried tobacco leaf debris infected with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was subjected to heat treatment (6$0^{\circ}C$~10$0^{\circ}C$) with or without addition of moisture and to room temperature for natural decay to examine the periods of time required for the inactivation of PMV in the inoculum source. Wet conditions (60% moisture content of the debris) for heat treatment were more efficient than dry conditions to inactivate the virus at 7$0^{\circ}C$~10$0^{\circ}C$, and which decrease of temperature, the time needed for the viral inactivation increased greatly. At 6$0^{\circ}C$ and 7$0^{\circ}C$, the temperaturein a compost heap during the actively decomposing period, it takes about 15 days or more for the complete inactivation of the virus. However, considering the decrease of the viral infectivity during the decomposition, a shorter period of time will be required to inactivate TMV in the conditions mentioned above, suggesting that a well decomposed organic manure containing tobacco leaf debris may not have infective TMV and may not provide a potential inoculum source.