• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 1994

One of the major problems comparing the old map, Daedongyojido, with modern maps in order to measure the spatial error of the map it a projection of the modern map selected. This study focuses on the map projection of Daedongyojido. Three different approaches are used: comparing the spatial pattern of Daedongyojido with maps of different projection, examining materials related to old maps and books which were written by Jeongho Kim directly or indirectly, and the data sets which were available at the mid nineteenth century and could be used for map production. A couple of map projections are possible to that of Daedongyojido, but TM(Transverse Mercator) projection is one of the closest projections.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.171-183
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• 2016

Small-scale maps currently used are made by scanning and editing printed maps and its shortcoming is accumulated errors at the time of editing and low accuracy. TM projection method is used but its accuracy varies. In addition, small-scale maps are made without consideration of usability and compatibility with other scale maps. Therefore, it is necessary to suggest projection and coordinates system improvement methods in consideration of usability and compatibility between data. The results of this study reveal that in order to make the optimum small-scale map, projection that fits the purpose of map usage in each scale, coordinate system and neat line composition should be selected in consideration of interrelation and compatibility with other maps. Conic projection should be used to accurately illustrate the entire country, but considering usability and compatibility with other maps, traversing cylindrical projection should be used instead of conic projection. For coordinates system of the small-scale map, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM-K) based on the World Geodetic System should be used instead of conventional longitude and latitude coordinate system or Transverse Mercator.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.93-104
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• 1992

Although the Transverse Mercator(TM) coordinate is used on standard topogrphic maps of Korea as a supplement to regular latitude-longitude coordinate, the use of this TM coordinate system is rather limited to a single coordinate zone that spans only two degrees of longitude. With growing applications of a variety of digiral geographic data, such as satellite remote sensor data, a Cartesian or rectangular coordinate system is more effective to deal with such data type than angular coordinate system. An unified rectangular coordinate system based on the Transverse Mercator projection is designed to cover the whole area of the Korea Peninsula as a single coordinate zone. Considering the width of the peninsula and the distribution of scale error, the origin of the coordinate is determined to 127$^{\circ}$30' east and 38$^{\circ}$ north. Coordinate conversion procedure is discussed along with the corresponding scale error term.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.251-251
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• 2016

인공위성을 이용한 가뭄연구에는 전지구적으로 운용되는 GPM (Global Precipitation Measurement) 위성, AQUA/TERRA 위성의 MODIS (MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) 센서 등에서 수집된 관측 자료가 이용된다. 그러나 전지국적으로 관측된 위성 자료는 자료를 생산 제공하는 기관에 따라 자료의 파일포맷 (NetCDF, HDF5, GeoTIFF 등), 자료의 투영법 (projection) 등이 상이하다. 그러므로 가뭄연구에 다중위성자료를 활용하고자 하는 지리정보시스템(Geographic Information System: GIS)에 대한 전문지식이 부족한 연구자는 자료의 표준화 (파일포맷과 투영변환 등) 과정으로 인해 원활한 연구수행이 어렵다. MODIS 위성자료의 경우에는 일반적으로 많이 사용되는 횡단메르카토르 도법 (Transverse Mercator Projection: TM) 대신 시뉴소이드 도법 (sinusoidal projection)을 이용한다. 그래서 미국 지질조사국은 MODIS 자료의 재투영(reprojection)을 위한 전용 소프트웨어인 MRT (MODIS Reprojection Tool)를 배포하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 무료/오픈소스 소프트웨어를 활용하여 시뉴소이드 도법이 적용된 MODIS 자료의 수집, 재투영, 파일포맷 변환 등을 자동으로 처리하는 기법을 개발하여 가뭄활용에 이용하고자 하였으며, MODIS MOD09GA/MOD11A1 자료를 이용하여 효율성을 검증하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.299-309
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• 1998

The national coordinate system is an essential component for a geographic/land information system, since it provides the spatial reference for expressing position information. The national mapping of Korea has been based on 3-different meridians on the Gauss-Schreiber projection in year 1910s, later this was changed to the Gauss-Kruger projection. Existing map coordinate systems maintaining the national land survey project on 1910s, have some structural shortcomings of unknown computational procedures and projection methods. In this paper, the problems of the map coordinates usage and of longitudes origin shift(10.405") and their solutions are investigated. Also, this study discusses the issues involved in choosing coordinate system for digital mapping and their applications as a basis for spatial data management. The foreign country's coordinate systems are reviewed and the elements to realize a new unified grid coordinate system is proposed. The Transverse Mercator projection with a central meridian of $127^\circ\;30'$, scale factor 0.9996, and GRS80 ellipsoid, is selected in Korean peninsula.sula.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.241-247
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• 2012

The national geodetic reference frame of Korea switched to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) in 2003. In order to study the land area changes, we calculated the entire land area of Korea using the administrative boundaries of census data provided by Statistics Korea. The standard transformation procedure by the National Geographic Information Institute (NGII) was followed. The Transverse Mercator (TM) projected coordinates were transformed into the GRS80-based world geodetic reference frame, and the ellipsoidal and the projected areas were calculated. The provinces that range over two projection origins were divided into two polygons and projected using appropriate origins. After the transformation, all boundaries were shifted in the northwestern direction, resulting in a decreased area of $1.36km^2$ (about 0.0013%) on the projected plane. Moving the boundaries into a high latitude area cancels out the effect of the enlarged ellipsoid. In addition, the rate of change shows that a higher-latitude province is more sensitive to the shift of the boundaries. The data by Statistics Korea is significantly different from those of the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs (MLTM), thus it is urgently recommended that the data are integrated and unified.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.12
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• pp.1049-1057
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• 2020

This study aimed to develop a flow measurement method using drone in flood season. Measuring flow in all branches is difficult to conduct annually due to budget and labor limitation, safety and river works. Especially when heavy rain like storm comes, changes in stage-discharge relationship should be reviewed; however, it is usually impeded by the aforementioned issues. To solve the problem, it developed a simple measuring method with a minimum of labor and time. A numeric map and numeric orthophoto coordinate of South Korea are mostly based on Transverse Mercator Projection (TM) in accordance with rectangular coordinate system and use World Geodetic Reference System 1980 (GRS80) oval figure for conversion. Applying a concept of aerial photogrammetry, it located four visible Ground Control Points (GCP) near the river at Uijeongbu-si (Singok Bridge) and Yeongdong-gun (Youngdong 2nd Bridge) station and measured the coordinates using VRS DGPS. Hovering at a same level, drones took orthophoto of water surface at an interval of 3 seconds. It defined the pictures with GRS80 TM coordinate system, a rectangular coordinate system and then conducted an orthometric correction using GCP coordinates. According to X and Y coordinate analysis, it estimated the distance between the floating positions at 3 seconds-intervals and calculated the flow through the flow area according to the flow path. This study attested applicability of the flow measurement method using drone in flood season by applying the rectangular coordinate system based on the concept of aerial photogrammetry.