• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 2012

We present here a new class of activation functions for neural networks, which herein will be called CosGauss function. This function is a cosine-modulated gaussian function. In contrast to the sigmoidal-, hyperbolic tangent- and gaussian activation functions, more ridges can be obtained by the CosGauss function. It will be proven that this function can be used to aproximate polynomials and step functions. The CosGauss function was tested with a Cascade-Correlation-Network of the multilayer structure on the Tic-Tac-Toe game and iris plants problems, and results are compared with those obtained with other activation functions.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 1995

To elucidate the biochemical etiology. 1) plasma dopemine-beta-hydroxylase activity was measured and 2) the correlation between age and DBH activity was examined in 30 Tourette's disorder, 19 chronic motor tic disorder, and 24 controls. The results are summarized as follows : 1) The mean plasma DBH activity in Tourette's disorder was significantly elevated compared to normal groups, but significant differences in DBH activity between Tourette's disorder and chronic motor tic disorder, and between chronic motor tic disorder and normal control group were not found. 2) In all three groups, the significant positive correlations between age and plasma DBH activity found. These findings support the hypothesis of a possible involvement of brain catecholamine dysfunction in the production of Tourette's disorders, and this dysfunction might be due to the increased dopaminergic and decreased noradrenergic function. Future research should be focused on the mechanism of functional abnormalities of DBH.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.149-156
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• 2001

After the fact that obsessive-compulsive symptoms or tic symptoms are common in Sydenham's chorea which is a sequale of rheumatic fever produced by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus was reported, the association between group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus and a subgroup of obsessivecompulsive disorder(OCD) or tic disorder has been attentioned. This subgroup shared a unique clinical course, characterized by an abrupt onset of symptoms and/or dramatic exacerbations. And this subgroup was distinguished by pre-pubertal onset of symptoms, neurological abnormalities(choreiform movements and a unique pattern of motoric hyperactivity), as well as by relapsing and remitting symptom course. Acronym PANDAS(pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection) was used to denote a subgroup of OCD or tic disorder patients with these clinical characteristics. Then, there was a report suggesting that PANDAS category include some of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) and were two case reports of anorexia nervosa and body dysmorphic disorder with characteristics of PANDAS. This case is a patient who developed normally until age of 7, but after pharyngeal inflammation with high fever, he showed disturbance of cognition, social relationship, and language and communication, as well as tic symtoms and abnormal movement on face, hand, and foot. We report this case with review of literatures, because we think that this case belongs to the PANDAS category. Based on this observation, we suggest that PANDAS category include some of childhood disintegrative disorder as well as OCD, tic disorder, and ADHD.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.124-132
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• 1993

We studied the clinical characteristics of 45 children with tic symptoms, and a comparison was made according to their birth order patterns. The results were as follows. Sex ration was 14:1 higher for boys. The eldest children were 46.7%, single children, 15.6%, the youngest children, 33.3%, and twins 4.4% of all Organicity was suggested in 37.8%, early developmental problems in 71.1%, and family problems were in 89.9%. Among the co-existing problems, ADHD 46.7%, OCD 17.7%, Separation anxiety disorder 24.4%, GAD or anxiety dreams 17.8%, somatization disorder and enuresis 13.3% each, stuttering 8.9%, and other conditions. Overall, 84.4% of the patients have one or more co-existing conditions other than tic symptoms. When compared according to birth order patterns, the most significant difference was the time of onset The youngests have more incidences around the entrance period for elementary school(p<0.01). Among the twins, the lower birth-weight child was the patient. Summing up these findings, we concluded there were significant environmental factors working on the manifestation of tic and tourette disorders.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.203-226
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• 2007

The purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of business scope and technological innovation capability(TIC) on firm performance in SMEs. Among the 1,077 SME sample data collected with the help of Korean Industrial Complex Corporation, 228 sample data from capital goods sectors had been selected and analyzed. Several mutiple regression models were developed to test the main and the interaction effects of two independent variables business scope and TIC on SME performance. The empirical analysis show that the number of product lines, one of the two scope variable measured, is positively correlated with the return on sales(ROS). Among the variable of TIC, the number of intellectual property rights(IPRs) is positively correlated with the sales growth rates of SMEs, which the ratio of engineers to total employees is positively correlated with the ROS of SMEs. The results also delineated some interaction effects of business scope and TIC on SME performance. There exists a positive interaction effect of the ratio of engineers to total employees and the number of product lines both on ROS and scales growth rate. The interaction of the number of customers and the number of IPRs positively effects on ROS, and also the interaction of the number of product lines and the number of IPRs are positively related with ROS. Findings of this research indicates that it is necessary for SMEs in capital goods sectors to accumulate technological innovation capability and to expand business scope to improve firm performance. Furthermore, the accumulation of internal TIC should accommodate with the expansion of business scope to gain an improved performance. Particularly, adequate technological innovation capability is required to address the need of expanded customers when enlarging the scope of customers.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.33-33
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• 1991

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1067-1073
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• 1990

To clarify the changes of left ventricular function under normothermia, the time interval between the onset of ischemia and the beginning of contracture of left ventricle[TIC] were recorded in newborn piglet. Myocardial performance was assessed using intraventricular balloon to determine compliance and systolic function after 5 to 10 minutes interval per-fusing normothermic substrate free Krebs solution as a perfusate. The time to onset TIC was 29.5\ulcorner1.7 minutes and peak ischemic contracture was 46.7\ulcorner4.0 minutes[p<0.01]. In myocardial performance, systolic function of left ventricle[defined as cardiac contractility] was kept until 25 minutes of perfusion, but was decreased abruptly after 30 minutes of perfusion[p<0.0018] and diastolic function of left ventricle[defined as diastolic compliance] was kept until 15 minutes of perfusion, but was decreased after 20 minutes of perfusion [p=0.00\ulcorner9]. This study demonstrated maximal time of the tolerance to normothermic global ischemia and functional changes of left ventricle using Krebs perfusate under the same condition.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.466-476
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• 2000

This paper presents atomization characteristics of a double impinging F -0-0- F type injector with four streams. A phase Doppler particle analyzer was employed to measure the droplet-size and water was used as the inert simulant liquid instead of reactive propellant liquids. The droplet mean diameter (SMD) and size distribution were measured to investigate the effects of the momentum ratio and pressure drop variations. This experimental results can be used during the preliminary design stage of a impinging stream type injector for liquid rockets.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 1992.05b
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• pp.100-101
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• 1992

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.71-72
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• 2005