• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.153-158
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• 2005

Numerous natural herbal compounds have been reported to inhibit adhesion and migration of leukocytes to the site of inflammation Licorice extracts, which have been widely used in traditional Chinese medicinal preparation, possess various pharmacological effects. Isoliquiritigenin, a biogenetic precursor of flavonoids with various pharmacological effects, is a natural pigment present in licorice. We attempted to explore whether licorice extracts and isoliquiritigenin mitigate monocyte adhesion to tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$)-activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). In addition, it was tested whether the inhibition of monocyte adhesion to the activated HUVEC accompanied a reduction in vascular cell adhesion molecule-l expression(VCAM-l). Dry-roasted licorice extracts in methylene chloride but not in ethanol markedly interfered with THP-l monocyte adhesion to INF-$\alpha$-activated endothelial cells. licochalcone A compound isolated from licorice extract in methylene chloride appeared to modestly inhibit the interaction of THP-l monocytes and activated endothelium. In addition, isoliquiritigenin abolished the monocyte adhesion with attenuating VCAM-l protein expression on HUVEC induced by INF-$\alpha$. These results demonstrated that non-polar components from dry-roasted licorice extracts containing licochalcone A as well as isoliquiritigenin were active in blocking monocyte adhesion to cytokine-activated endothelimn, which appeared to be mediated most likely through the inhibition of VCAM-l expression on HUVEC. Therefore, licorice may hamper initial inflammatory events on the vascular endothelium involving induction of endothelial cell adhesion molecules.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.271-278
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• 2024

Redox factor (Ref)-1, a ubiquitously expressed protein, acts as a modulator of redox-sensitive tran- scription factors and as an endonuclease in the repair pathway of damaged DNA. However, the function of Ref-1 in the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages has not been defined. In this study, we investigated the effects of Ref-1 on the monocyte differentiation process using the human monocytic cell line THP-1. The differentiation agent PMA increased cell adhesion over time and showed a sig- nificant increase in phagocytic function but decreased the intracellular amount of Ref-1. Ref-1 inhibitor E3330 and Ref-1 knockdown using the siRNA technique reduced cell adhesion and the expression of differentiation markers, such as CD14, ICAM-1, and CD11b, by PMA stimulation. This means that the role of Ref-1 is absolutely necessary in the initial process of differentiating THP-1 cells stimulated by PMA. Next, the distribution of Ref-1 was examined in the cytoplasm and nucleus of THP-1 cells stimulated with PMA. Surprisingly, PMA stimulation resulted in the rapid translocation of Ref-1 to the nucleus. To prove that movement of Ref-1 to the nucleus is required for monocyte differentiation, a Ref-1 vector with the nuclear localization sequence (NLS) deleted was used. As a result, overexpression of ∆NLS Ref-1, which restricted movement to the nucleus, suppressed the expression of differentiation markers and notably reduced phagocytic function in PMA-stimulated THP-1 cells. In conclusion, these data suggest that the differentiation of monocytic THP-1 cells requires Ref-1 nuclear translocation during the initial process of biochemical events following stimulation from PMA.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.94-110
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• 2010

Objective : This study was performed to evaluate the effect of immune reaction inductive substances such as phorbol-myristate-acetate(PMA), lipopolysaccharide(LPS), dermato-phagoides pteronyssus crude extract(DPE), dinitrochloro-benzene(DNCB) and Cryptotympana pustulata(CP), the Cryptotympana pustulata extracting substance at simultaneously on the translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-${\kappa}B$) towards to the nucleus and the mRNA expression patterns of various cytokine genes in Human acute monocytic leukemia cell line(THP-1 cells), monocytes of human. Experiment : To analyze cytokine genes expression patterns, the RT-PCR method was used, measuring tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-$\alpha$ that had been secreted during cell culture in the ELISA method. The morphological change in the cell observed during THP-1 cell culture was observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the quantitative distribution in the cell NF-${\kappa}B$ was analyzed through immunocytochemistry and a confocal microscopy. Result : CP showed different influences onto the mRNA expression patterns of cytokine genes with PMA, LPS. DPE and DNCB according to the types of immune inductive substances in the THP-1 cells. The expressions of inter-leukin(IL)-10, interferon(INF)-$\gamma$, TNF-$\alpha$ and monocyte chemoattractantant protein(MCP)-1 induced by PMA were suppressed by CP while the expression of transforming growth factor(TGF)-$\beta$ was promoted. Regarding the secretion pattern of TNF-$\alpha$ according to PMA processing, its secretion amount was increased by CP concurrent processing, in case of processing CP onto PMA and LPS, We discovered that the secretion amount of TNF-$\alpha$ was increased. Upon processing PMA and LPS on the THP-1 cell strain at the same time or either additionally processing CP thereon, the movement increase towards the nucleus from the NF-${\kappa}B$ cell cytoplasm, a transcription factor was able to be observed. Conclusion : In this study, Cryptotympana pustulata extracting substance was confirmed that it had an influence on expression patterns of cytokine genes according to the actions of a variety kinds of immune reaction inductive substances processed on the monocyte THP-1 cell of humans. Therefore, additional studies as for the immune adjusting function of Cryptotympana pustulata are considered to be able to offer important materials for curing immune abnormal diseases such as atopy dermatitis afterward.

• Journal of Evidence-Based Herbal Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of extract from Jak-Yak Tang (JYT) on the THP-1 cell and HMC-1 cell. Method : To evaluate of anti-inflammatory of JYT, we examined cytokines production in lipopolysacchride (LPS)-induced THP-1 cell and A23187, PMA-induced HMC-1 cell. Result : Extract of JYT inhibit LPS-induced interleukin (IL)-8 production in human monocyte THP-1 cells. Extract of JYT inhibit A23187, PMA-induced IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (INF-$\alpha$) production in HMC-1 cells. Conclusion : NT down-regulated LPS-induced IL-8 production and A23187, PMA-induced IL-8, TNF-$\alpha$ production, which may be provide a clinical basis for anti-inflammatory properities of JYT.

• Journal of Evidence-Based Herbal Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of extract from Hwang lyun tang (HLT) on the THP-1 cell and HMC-1 cell. To evaluate of anti-inflammatory of HLT, we examined cytokines production in lipopolysacchride (LPS)-induced THP-1 cell and A23187, PMA-induced HMC-1 cell. Extract of HLT inhibit LPS-induced interleukin (IL)-8 production in human monocyte THP-1 cells. Extract of HLT inhibit A23187, PMA-induced IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (INF-$\alpha$) production in HMC-1 cells. HLT down-regulated LPS-induced IL-8 production and A23187, PMA-induced IL-8, TNF-$\alpha$ production, which may be provide a clinical basis for anti-inflammatory properities of HLT.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.299-304
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• 2008

Monocytic cells in myeloid lineage are known for latent site of HCMV Previous studies have suggested that HCMV regulates cell cycle progression in a variety of cells, but studies in monocytic cells are limited. In this study, we attempted to understand cell cycle changes after HCMV infection in the monocytic cell lines. Flow cytometric analyses using propidium iodide revealed that the proportion of G0-G1 phase was increased and the proportion of S phase decreased in HCMV-infected THP-1 cells, but not in HL-60 cells. BrdU-incorporation assay supported that cell proliferation was inhibited in HCMV-infected THP-1 cells by inhibition of de novo DNA synthesis. Western blot analysis revealed that p21, inhibitor of cell cycle progression from G1 phase to S phase, was induced in HCMV-infected THP-1 cells but not in HL-60 cells. Thus, HCMV inhibited cell pro-liferation by arresting the cell cycle at G0-G1 phase through induction of p21 protein in promocytic THP-1 cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.385-392
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• 2011

Although monoculture methods have been remarkably useful due to their simplicity, they have serious limitation because of the different types of cells communication with each other in many physiological situations. We demonstrated levels of markers of endothelial dysfunction such as tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$) and interleukin-1$\beta$ (IL-1$\beta$) as well as stimulation of receptor of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) on monoand co-culture system such as only monocyte (THP-1) cultivation system, only endothelial cell (HUVEC) cultivation system, and co-cultivation system of THP-1 and HUVEC. The mRNA levels of TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-1$\beta$ on HUVEC increased by the co-culture with monocyte after 4 hr at 100 ${\mu}g/mL$ glyceraldehyde-AGE. The secreted protein contents into medium of TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-1$\beta$ increased after 8 hr approximately 2~2.5 times compared to mono-cultivation. In contrast, the mRNA level of receptor of AGE (RAGE) was relatively insensitive on the co-culture system. The mediators by which monocytes activate endothelial cell have not been fully elucidated. In this study we confirmed production of soluble cytokines such as TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-1$\beta$ by monocytes. Use of monocyte conditioned medium, which contains both cytokines, can activate endothelial cell.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.382.1-382.1
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• 2002

Blood monocytes are the precursors for the lipid-laden foam cells of early atherosclerotic lesions. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), a CC chemokine. and chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) playa crucial role in the recruitment of monocytes to the vascular lesion. Using the human monocyte THP-1 cell line. we investigated the inhibitory effects of methanol extracts of 127 medicinal herbs on MCP-1-induced chemotaxis. (omitted)

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.341-347
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• 2010

In the present study, we investigated whether Houttuynia cordata Thumb (Saururaceae; HC) extracts have an anti-inflammatory effect in human monocytic THP-1 cells and human eosinophilic EoL-1 cells. The dried and powdered whole plants of HC were extracted with 80% EtOH. The combined extract (HC-1) was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with water, and then successively partitioned with n-hexane, EtOAc, and BuOH to produce the n-hexane (HC-2), EtOAc (HC-3), BuOH (HC-4), and the water-soluble fractions (HC-5), respectively. HC extracts have no cytotoxicity on THP-1 cells and EoL-1 cells at a high concentration of $10\;{\mu}g/ml$ for 24 h, except HC-2 extract ($10\;{\mu}g/ml$). Interleukin-6, Interleukin-8 and Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in THP-1 cells were increased after the treatment with the extract from house dust mite or LPS. The increase of cytokine production was strongly suppressed by HC-3 extract, in comparision with other extracts. HC-3 also had inhibitory effect on Interleukin-6 production increased by mite extract and LPS in EoL-1 cells. However, HC-3 extract increased Interleukin-8 production induced by mite extract and LPS in EoL-1 cells. These results suggest that HC extracts may be used as useful agents for treating allergic disorders such as asthma and atopic dermatitis.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.378-383
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• 2016

The glasswort is an edible halophyte demonstrating various physiological effects including anti-inflammatory activity. In the present study, the effects of glasswort extracts on inflammatory events and interactions of THP-1 monocytes with intestinal epithelial cells were investigated. Five solvent fractions, including the ethylether fraction (Fr.E), were prepared from a 70% methanol extract of glasswort. THP-1 monocytes underwent differentiation by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate treatment and were then activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which induced cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression. None of the glasswort fractions tested alone induced COX-2 in differentiated THP-1 cells. Fr.E, however, enhanced LPS-induced COX-2 expression in differentiated THP-1 cells. Culture media of THP-1 cells treated with each fraction stimulated the growth of normal intestinal INT-407 cells more prominently than that of HT-29 colon cancer cells. COX-2 expression in HT-29 cells was inhibited when the cells were exposed to the THP-1 culture medium treated with Fr.E. Thus, glasswort could modulate the interaction between immune cells and intestinal cells.