• 설비공학논문집
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.315-322
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• 2012

In these days, importance of HVAC system in office building is steadily growing in terms of thermal comfort and energy savings. As a energy efficient heating and cooling system, system air-conditioner which can be controlled distinctly and has a high COP is more widely adopted nowadays. However, the features and advantages of system air-conditioner were not reported well because system air-conditioner did not describe yet by conventional simulation methods such as TRNSYS, e-Quest, Energyplus, etc. In this study, by using the TRNSYS program which is able to show module implementation and building energy consumption analysis, system air-conditioner module will be proposed and validated through comparison between the simulation results and measurement results.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.50-57
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• 2008

This study intends to evaluate the effect on indoor environment(annual thermal load, sunshine)by the application of the movable horizontal shading device on summer and winter season. For these purpose, we supposed the models which are composed of the several horizontal shading devices. Then we analyzed the simulation using the IES5.5.1 and Seoul weather data. The results of this study are as follows: 1) The proper length, angle of horizontal shading device is 2.1m, 28 degree, respectively. 2) The decreasing rate of the annual load of the Movable Horizontal Shading Model(MHSM) in comparison with the No Shading Model(NSM) & Conventional Horizontal Shading Model(CHSM) is 31.11%, 6.63% respectively. 3) The decrease of sunshine of the MHSM on summer season is effective the alleviation of visual displeasure. On the other hand, the increase of sunshine of the MHSM on winter season is effective the psychological comfort. Further study is to be required the sensitivity analysis on the various shading length for the realistic proper shading length.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.3-8
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• 2007

Recently, because of the continuous rise of international oil price, energy saving is strongly demanding. So, Ecological technics of architecture such as use of natural energy have been actively explored in the field of building. In the method of utilizing natural energy, the key point is to saving energy effectively as not lowering the comfort of indoor environment, various systems investigated. Many papers about double skin facade system have been reported, it is announced broadly that the system is very effective in improvement of natural ventilation and indoor thermal environment, and also protecting outdoor sound. The shaft box facade is a special form of box window construction. It consists of a system of box windows with continuous vertical shafts that extend over a number of stories to create a stack effect. The facade layout consists of an alternation of box windows and vertical shaft segments. This research investigated the natural ventilation performance of shaft box type balcony which conform the shaft box type double skin to the exiting balcony construction. First, analyzed various types of exiting apartments, proto-type was decided. By using virtual environment Program, modeling the proto-type, compared the contribution of air temperature and the effect of outdoor air cooling. by this research, we confirmed that shaft box type balcony had many possibility for improvement of indoor environment.

• 교육시설
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2008

The sense of place at school environment becomes more important as children increasingly spend more time in school and children's attachment to the environment affects the cognition development of children. The goal of this research is to identify characteristics that enhance the sense of place for children in outdoor space and check the possibilities of forming it in the school environments. Through the analysis of design document and design report for schematic design of elementary school which is executed through Korean Institute of Educational Facilities between 2002-2005, 47cases from 32elementary schools are analyzed. As a result it is found that designers tend to orient towards the visual aspects compared to other invisible aspects such as thermal comfort and participation of children, which is extracted as a key characteristics of forming a sense of place for children. More attention is required to enhance the sense of place in school environment to support the child development in everyday space.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2008

We analyzed the effects of regular Jjimjilbang(Korean sauna) exposure on the physiological responses in seven elderly farmers(Male=3, Female=4). Jjimjil training group took a bath in Jjimjilbang 8 times twice a week. Jjimjibang exposure was limited three times per day. Rectal temperature, total sweat rate, body fat (%), blood pressure, pulse, $Na^+$ concentration in sweat, and subjective sensation were measured during Jjimjil training exposure. The results are as follow: During Jjimjil exposure, changes of rectal temperature in male farmers were more stabilized than female farmers. The gradual decrease in total sweat rate and Na+ concentration in sweat was observed in both sexes. After Jjimjil exposure, the decrease in blood pressure was observed in both sexes, but not observed changes according to regular Jjimjil exposure. Subjective thermal comfort sensation was changed positively. In conclusion, the regular Jjimjil exposure has positive effects upon improvement in regulation of body temperature, blood pressure, and $Na^+$ concentration especially in heat tolerance.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.516-523
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• 1997

The actual conditions of bedclimate are investigated depending on the regions and housing styles used on ondol in spring. Sixty healthy men and women (30 of them live in apartment and 30 of them live in detached house, 20 of them live in Wonju, 20 of them live in Cheongiu and 20 of them live in Pusan). The results are as follows: 1) The differences of bedclothes thickness between spring and autumn were not significant. weight of sleep-wear in spring was less than those in the autumn. 2) In the spring, the temperature and humidity of bedroom, floor, on/under the mattress, were lower and the temperature inside the sleep-wear was higher than those in the autumn. 3) The differences of the temperature and humidity of bedroom, the bed climate, and the clothing microclimate were significant by the regions and housing styles in spring. The temperature of bedroom and inside sleep-wear, the humidity of bedroom and inside sleep- wear in the apartment were higher than those in the detached house. 4) The differences of comfort sensation on the bedroom conditions was significant by the regions, and the differences of thermal sensation was significant by the housing styles. Most subjects perceived warm and dry but comfortable.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2006년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.411-416
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• 2006

In this paper, we performed the experimental and numerical study on the thermal comfort(TC) and indoor air quality(IAQ) in the lecture room with a different airflow rate of the ventilation system and heating system for heating season. Through the experimental results, we found out that there was considerably difference of the PMV but there was little difference of $CO_2$ concentration with a different heating system. From a numerical results, the best operating condition was that discharge airflow rate of SAC is 29 CMM and supply airflow rate of the ventilation system is 1,200 CMH from a viewpoint of TC and IAQ.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2006년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.795-800
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• 2006

A common approach to achieve better thermal comfort with hydronic radiant floor heating system is supply water temperature control. This is the control method through which supply water temperature is varied with outdoor temperature. In this study, a comprehensive, yet simple calculation method to find optimum supply water temperature is evaluated by combining heat loss from the building and heat emission from the hydronic radiant floor heating system. And then the control performance of suggested calculation method is confirmed through experiment. It is shown that indoor air temperature is stably maintained around the set point.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

도시 옥외공간에서 조경 포장면의 종류에 따른 하절기 옥외공간의 온열쾌적성 차이 발생 여부를 차광과 통풍이 배제된 조건에서 실제 온도와 상대습도의 측정을 통하여 검증하였다. 잔디, 석재잔디블럭, 중공잔디블럭, 석재블럭, 사고석, 소형고압블럭, 점토벽돌, 나지, 쇄석, 수밀콘크리트 등 총 10가지 의 인공적으로 조성된 포장면을 대상으로 저항측정식 센서들을 이용하여 2009년 6월부터 9월까지 매 분 단위로 측정하고, 기상청 관측자료를 기준으로 일 최고 기온이 $30^{\circ}C$ 이상인 26일 동안의 정오부터 오후 3시까지의 자료를 분석하였으며, 주요 내용은 다음과 같다. 지면 온도는 포장재의 종류에 따라서 차이가 발생하였는데, 잔디면의 온도가 가장 높았고, 콘크리트의 온도가 상대적으로 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 전체 시험구의 평균 지면온도는 $40.1^{\circ}C$로 분석되었는데, 이는 기상대 관측 최고 기온보다 $9^{\circ}C$ 이상 높은 것이었으며, 최고 온도는 약 $50^{\circ}C$ 이상까지 상승하는 것으로 나타났다. 지면으로부터 1.2m 높이의 온열쾌적성지수인 습구흑구온도(Wet-Bulb Grlobe Temperature: WBGT)는 포장재에 따라서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 분석되었으며, 잔디포장면이 가장 높게 나타났고, 석재 또는 콘크리트블럭과 잔디를 혼합한 포장면이 가장 낮게 나타났다. 그러나 이들 측정값은 인간이 느끼는 쾌적한 온도 범위를 심각한 수준으로 넘어선 상태의 값으로 실제 환경에서의 체감 온열쾌적성과 직접 연관시키기는 곤란하다. 이러한 결과는 이상고온에 견디지 못하는 잔디의 생육 특성과 통풍과 차광이 배제된 시험구의 특성, 그리고 남중고도 가 높은 한낮의 데이터만을 분석 대상으로 삼은 점 등이 복합적으로 영향을 미친 결과로 해석되었다. 결론적으로 본 연구를 통해서 통풍과 차광이 배제된 하절기 한낮의 옥외공간에서는 인간이 체감하는 온열쾌적성에 포장재 변화가 미치는 영향은 미미하며, 오히려 통풍과 차광이 미치는 영향이 매우 중요하다는 것을 파악할 수 있었다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.23-36
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• 2017

Objective: This paper presents a study to evaluate the WBGT index for assessing the effects of a wide range of outdoor weather conditions on human responses. Background: The Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) index was firstly developed for the assessment of hot outdoor conditions. It is a recognised index that is used world-wide. It may be useful over a range of outdoor conditions and not just for hot climates. Method: Four group experiments, involving people performing a light stepping activity, were conducted to determine human responses to outside conditions in the U.K. They were conducted in September 2007 (autumn), December 2007 (winter), March 2008 (spring) and June 2008 (summer). Environmental measurements included WBGT, air temperature, radiant temperature (including solar load), humidity and wind speed all measured at 1.2m above the ground, as well as weather data measured by a standard weather station at 3m to 4m above the ground. Participants' physiological and subjective responses were measured. When the overall results of the four seasons are considered, WBGT provided a strong prediction of physiological responses as well as subjective responses if aural temperature, heart rate and sweat production were measured. Results: WBGT is appropriate to predict thermal strain on a large group of ordinary people in moderate conditions. Consideration should be given to include the WBGT index in warning systems for a wide range of weather conditions. However, the WBGT overestimated physiological responses of subjects. In addition, tenfold Borg's RPE was significantly different with heart rate measured for the four conditions except autumn (p<0.05). Physiological and subjective responses over 60 minutes consistently showed a similar tendency in the relationships with the $WBGT_{head}$ and $WBGT_{abdomen}$. Conclusion: It was found that either $WBGT_{head}$ or $WBGT_{abdomen}$ could be measured if a measurement should be conducted at only one height. The relationship between the WBGT values and weather station data was also investigated. There was a significant relationship between WBGT values at the position of a person and weather station data. For UK daytime weather conditions ranging from an average air temperature of $6^{\circ}C$ to $21^{\circ}C$ with mean radiant temperatures of up to $57^{\circ}C$, the WBGT index could be used as a simple thermal index to indicate the effects of weather on people. Application: The result of evaluation of WBGT might help to develop the smart clothing for workers in industrial sites and improve the work environment in terms of considering workers' wellness.