• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.409-419
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• 1986

Prevalence of obesity and dietary consumption of ten-year-old school children in Seoul were investigated. Three hundred forty boys and three hundred forty two girls from families of various housing pattern in Seoul were chosen for this study. Informations of the stduy were obtained from April 22 to June 11, 1985, by means of prepared questinnaires for general environmental factors, anthropometry for height, weigth and triceps skinfold theickness and interview to get 24 -hour food intakes of individuals. All the data collected were analyzed by using SPSS program. Average nutrients intakes of the subjects were satisfactory with respect toquality or quantity . Children from A group tended to consume more nutrients than B or C group. Physical growth of the subjects were similar to the ones for average school children in Seoul, but greater than korean national average. Children from A group were taller and heavier than B group whom were taller and heavier than C group . Prevalence of obesity were 15.7 % and 11.7 % of the subjects according to standards of relative body weight and triceps skinfold thickness. Higher prevalence were observed in boys than in girls and children from A group than B, and B group than C group. so therefore it could be summarized that children from A group consumed more nutrients, had better physical growth, and became obese more frequently than children from B or C.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.683-696
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• 2000

To examine the blood lipids, muscle strength and flexibility at low back, and muscle strength in the knee joint, 44 women, who were diagnosed as chronic low back pain patients and aged between 40 to 50 years old, were recruited as the subjects. The women were divided into two groups: 1) body fat content less than 25% and 2) body fat content more than 30%. The results were: 1) No differences were found between two groups in blood lipids status. 2) The total cholesterol were less 3.78% in the normal group than the obese group. 3) The HDL-cholesterol were higher 4.85% in the normal group than the obese group. 4) The TG were less 13.1% in the normal group than the obese group. 5) No differences were found between two groups in muscle strength and flexibility 6) No differences were found between two groups in the peak torque of knee joint 7) The total work of the knee joints were higher in the normal group than the obese(P<.05). 8) The abdominal strength were higher 34.04% in the normal group than the obese group. 9) The flexibility of low back were higher 44.54% in the normal group than the obese group.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.123-131
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• 2004

This study was carried out to identify dietary risk factors for childhood obesity. The study subjects were male children, aged 2-6years, who were enrolled in nursery schools and kindergartens. We obtained anthropometric measurements from 949 boys and dietary questionnaires from 253 boys. The subjects were classified into two groups using the BMI criteria, normal (n=200) group with the BMI below 85th percentile and the obese group with the BMI at 85th percentile and above (n=53). The logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratios (OR) for obesity were, birth weight greater than 4.0㎏ (3.27) , increased meal speed (4.98) , the frequency of overeating more than twice a week (2.63), the consumption of cooked rice more than one bowl per meal (2.77), the consumption of milk and dairy products less than 5 times a week (2.81), and increased maternal meal speed (1.98). Stepwise multiple logistic regression analyses showed that the variables which contribute to obesity significantly were birth weight greater than 4.0 ㎏ (OR 5.19), the frequency of overeating more than twice a week (OR 2.51) , the consumption of cooked rice more than one bowl per meal (OR 2.74), and the consumption of milk and dairy products less than 5 times a week (OR 4.43) (p＜0.0001) . The results of this study indicate that dietary habits of both children and of their mothers as well as child's birth weight are important variables that contribute to childhood obesity. (Korean J Nutrition 37(2): 123-131, 2004)

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.47-54
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• 1984

In an attempt to take Comprehensive nursing care the author tested cognitive function and psychiatric disturbance produced by normal adults. Mini-mental state and simple reaction time were tested and general health questionnaire was conducted two hundred subjects. The data were analyzed statistically and the results follow: 1. The score of mini-mental state of the elderly group was less significant than that of the younger group in the tests of cognitive dysfunction. The score of MMS of the female group, the illiteracy group less significant than that of other groups in the test of cogntive dysfunction. 2. Reaction time of the elderly group was slower than that of the younger group. Reaction time of the female group was slower than that of the male group. Reaction time of the illiteracy group was the slowest & the unskilled group was slower than that of the other groups. 3. As a result of the results of psychiatric disturbance the score of general health questionnaire of the elderly group was significantly higher than that of the younger group in the tests of psychiatric disturbance. The test of psychiatric disturbance sho-wed that the score of general health questionnaire of the female group was significantly higher than that of the male group in the tests of psychiatric disturbance. The illiteracy group was the highest in the psychiatric disturbance among other groups and the unskilled group was significantly higher than the other groups. 4. Education had higher correlation to mini-men-tat state, while age negative correlation in comparison with other variables age had higher correlation to reaction time, while education had negative correlation in comparison with other variables. Sex had low correlation in these tests.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 1975

This studies were designed to know the contents of trace element and magnesium in cereals. Twenty two kinds of cereal, 104'samples, were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer for the determination of Manganese, Iron, Magnesium, Chrome, Cupper, Nickel, Zinc, Stannous, Lead and Cadmium. The results are as follows: 1) The contents of Mn and Fe in the sesame group show highest value and next is bean group. In the rice group its content shows lowest value than other cereals. 2) In the Cr content its value is lower than other elements in cereals respectively. Cr content of sesame and bean group show higher than rice and barley group. 3) The contents of Cu and Ni in the sesame and bean group show higher value than the value of rice and barley group. Its contents of rice and barley group is almost equal in Cu and Ni. 4) For the Zn content the value of sesame group is higher than other cereals and next is bean group. In the Sn content the value of bean group shows higher one than other cereals. The contents of Zn and Sn in rice and barley group are lower than other cereals. 5) The value of Pb is almost equal to each cereal. The content of Cd in bear group and barley group show higher than other cereals and its value of rice group is equal to the value of barley group.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.49-53
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• 2013

This study was performed to evaluate the adaptability of farm field soil transplanting and habitat growth in inland and seashore areas of Artemisia capillaris in South Korea. In habitat, Artemisia capillaris was distributed both in the inland and seashore area as hemicryptophyte, and it grows individually on the slope of the open sunlight. The inland and seashore soils of habitat was the slightly acid and weakly alkaline, respectively. Plant height was 55.6 cm, and it was higher in inland than that of the seashore area. The stem and branch number was less in inland than that of the seashore area. Flowering period was mid-August, and flower of inland blossomed early 1 ~ 3 days than that of the seashore area. The flowering and fruiting rate was slightly lower in inland than that of the seashore area. After transplanting of Artemisia capillaris, plant height was 71.7 cm, and it was higher 16.1 cm than that of the habitat. The stem and branch number was more than that of the habitat, and flower blossomed early 3 ~ 4 days than that of the habitat. Transplanting survival rate was 85.1%, it was slightly higher in inland than that of the seashore area.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2000.10b
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• pp.967-974
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• 2000

By testing compressive strength, water absorption and water premeablity, to establish the standard of quality of waterproofing admixture of power type for concrete, we propose guide line as following ; $.$Setting time: more than 1 hour, within 10 hours $.$Slump: To be satisfied with request of user $.$Air content: To be satisfied with request of user $.$Safety: Without crack or deformation $.$Ratio of compressive strength: $\circled1$ At 3 days : more than plain specimen by 0.9 (An inorganic material) more than plain specimen by 0.4 (An inorganic material mixed organic) $\circled2$ At 7, 28 days : more than plain specimen by 1.0 $.$Ratio of water absorption Coefficient: $\circled1$An inorganic material: less than plain specimen by 1.0 $\circled2$ An inorganic material mixed organic : under than plain specimen by 0.8 $.$Ratio of water premeablity : $\circled1$ An inorganic material : less than plain specimen by 1.0 $\circled2$ An inorganic material mixed organic : under than plain specimen by 0.8

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.40
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• pp.5-37
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to find out some characteristics of the family functions of single mothers to provide some useful data for the development of programs which may help single mothers to improve their family functions. The McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD) which is composed of problem solving function (PS), communication function (CF), role function (RC), emotional reaction function (ER), emotional involvement (EI), behavioral control function (BC), and general function (GC) and McCubbins' FSI were administered to single mothers and their adolescent children and mothers and their adolescent children of ordinary families (control family). The single mothers' perception of their family function was lower than that of control family mothers in an the 7 categories of FAD. The perceptions of the family function of the single mothers' children were lower than those of control family mothers' children. There was on significant difference between the perceptions of single mothers and their children in PS, ER, EI, GC of their family. However, single mothers' perception in RC and BC was lower than that of their children, and the children's perception in CF were lower than that of their mothers. Single mothers who fall on the period of single motherhood was shorter than 7 years perceived their families' function as lower than that of single mothers' who fall on the periods of single motherhood longer than 7 years in all categories. Generally speaking, the single mothers' family functions were lower than that of control family. The different characteristics of each single mother's family functions should be considered in developing programs for single mothers.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.88-95
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• 2016

This paper investigated to the effectiveness of an eco-friendly method for oiling cow leather. After leather was lac-dyed with a vegetable leather processing solution and a mordant, olive oil was used to treat the leather. Changes in surface color and dyeability, light fastness, rubbing fastness, and water fastness were measured. An increase in dyeability caused by the mordant appeared in all the samples. The dyeability of leatger treated with Cu-mordant was higher than that treated with Fe-mordant and Al-mordant, and the three times greater than when no mordant was used. Dyeability after oiling more than doubled compare with before oiling. An increase in dyeability by oiling was highe greater than doubled compared with before oiling. The non-mordant-treated samples exhibited a 5-fold increase in dyeability, and the other samples showed more than two times more dyeability than did non-oiled samples. A color difference of more than 20.0-fold appeared in all samples, and the differences in lightness and chroma were greater than were the differences in other color factors. The colors after oiling were measured R, P, and PB. Light fastness improved in all samples after oiling, and all of the measurements were reduced in the order of Fe-mordant> Cu-mordant> Al-mordant ${\geq}$non mordant.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.624-630
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• 2003

The physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of commonly consumed espresso and regular coffees, at coffee shops in downtown Seoul, were investigated. Moreover, the characteristics between chain type coffee shops and owner shops were compared using t-tests. The serving temperature and volume of espresso were lower than those for regular coffees. Whereas, the pH and total acidity of espresso were higher than those for regular coffees. Coffees from chain shops, in particular, had a significantly higher pH and lower total acidity than those from owner shops. The L, a and b values of the regular coffees were higher than those of the espresso coffees. With the exception of the a value of regular coffees, all the color values of the coffees from owner shops were higher than those from the chain shops. The intensity of the brownness, soluble solid contents and total phenolic contents of the espresso coffees were about 7∼8, 8∼9 and 4 times higher, respectively, than those of regular coffees. In addition, the free radical scavenging capacities and antioxidant activities of the espresso coffees, using a chemiluminescence assay, were higher than those of regular coffees. Espresso coffees from chain shops, especially, had higher activities of free radical scavenging than those from owner shops. In conclusion, the characteristics of coffees from chain shops were significantly different from those from owner coffee shops.