• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.78-84
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• 2007

The anti-fibrotic effects of hot water extract of adventitious root culture of Panax ginseng (ARCP) and the possible mechanisms were investigated on $CCl_4-induced$ hepatotoxicity model mice. Fibrosis was induced by a mild treatment of $CCl_4$. Then silymarin as a positive control drug and ARCP or carrier alone as a negative control were treated. Serum GPT, GOT and ALP activity levels were lowered by 25, 21 and 11% for silymarin treated group and by 48, 39 and 14% for ARCP treated group compared to carrier treated alone. Hepatic collagen for ARCP treatment group was reduced by 18% and MDA contents decreased a little more. Pro-fibrotic gene ($TGF-{\beta}1$, TIMP-1 and ${\alpha}-SMA$) expression increased following the $CCl_4$ treatment, but both the silymarin and the ARCP treatments decreased the expressions of these genes by 20% to 50%. The antioxidant effect of ARCP was studied by DPPH free radical scavenging activity. In addition, a generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was also reduced in $H_2O_2-treated$ HepG2 cells upon the ARCP treatment. In summary, ARCP has antioxidant property, and can have some protection against oxidative stress; more importantly, ARCP can efficiently protect mice against $CCl_4-induced$ fibrosis.

• 한국미생물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물생명공학회 2000년도 Proceedings of 2000 KSAM International Symposium and Spring Meeting
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• pp.178-181
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• 2000

In order to develop the novel gene expression system, we introduced new control elements which could influence the foreign gene expression in animal cells. When the foreign genes are introduced into the genome of higher eukaryotic cells, the expressions from these integrated genes are often low and can vary greatly depending on the positions of the integration sites due to the complex nature of the chromatin structures (1). First we screened the various DNA sequence elements which can function as an insulator of gene expression from these position effects and can cooperate with the SV40 enhancer/promoter. Among the several DNA elements from the various sources, we identified the particular DNA element which confers the increased frequency of the positive colonies, assayed by the reporter gene from stable selections indicating significantly reduced position effects. This element also showed the several fold-increased expression level as well as the copy-number dependent expression with host cell specificity. Second we modified the transcription termination element where we introduced the specific terminator in combination with SV40 polyA signal. This modified terminator showed the increased efficiency and the level of the gene expression. By combining these two elements, we made the animal cell expression system and tested successfully for the recombinant protein productions of TGF ${\beta}$-soluble receptor, Antithrombin III, and single chain Pro-Urokinase. [Supported by grants from MOCIE]

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.207-217
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• 2012

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an intentionally created socket on bone remodeling with orthodontic tooth movement in rabbits. Methods: Eighteen male rabbits weighing 3.8 - 4.25 kg were used. An 8-mm deep and 2-mm wide socket was drilled in the bone 1 mm mesial to the right mandibular first premolar. The left first premolar was extracted to serve as an extraction socket. A traction force of 100 cN was applied to the right first premolar and left second premolar. Sections were obtained at the middle third of the moving tooth for both the drilled and extraction sockets and evaluated with hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical analyses. The amount of tooth movement and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cell count were compared between the 2 groups using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: At week 2, the distance of tooth movement was significantly higher in the intentional socket group (p < 0.05) than in the extraction socket group. The number of TRAP-positive cells decreased in week 2 but increased in week 3 (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences between the groups. Furthermore, results of transforming growth factor (TGF)-${\beta}$ staining revealed no significant differences. Conclusions: The intentional socket group showed greater distance of tooth movement than did the extraction socket group at week 2. Osteoclast counts and results of immunohistochemical analyses suggested elevated bone remodeling in both the groups. Thus, osteotomy may be an effective modality for enhancing tooth movement in orthodontic treatment.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.4217-4224
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• 2014

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a slow growing but highly metastatic tumor, is highly prevalent in Northeast Thailand. Specific tests that predict prognosis of CCA remain elusive. The present study was designed to investigate whether peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) transcriptional profiles might be of use as a prognostic test in CCA patients. Gene expression profiles of PBLs from 9 CCA and 8 healthy subjects were conducted using the Affymetrix HG_U133 Plus 2.0 GeneChip. We indentified informative PBLs gene expression profiles that could reliably distinguish CCA patients from healthy subjects. Of these CCA specific genes, 117 genes were up regulated and 60 were down regulated. The molecular and cellular functions predicted for these CCA specific genes according to the Gene Ontology database indicated differential PBL expression of host immune response and tumor progression genes (EREG, TGF ${\beta}1$, CXCL2, CXCL3, IL-8, and VEGFA). The expression levels of 9 differentially expressed genes were verified in 36 CCA vs 20 healthy subjects. A set of three tumor invasion related genes (PLAU, CTSL and SERPINB2) computed as "prognostic index" was found to be an independent and statistically significant predictor for CCA patient survival. The present study shows that CCA PBLs may serve as disease predictive clinically accessible surrogates for indentifying expressed genes reflective of CCA disease severity.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.227-237
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• 2008

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Zirconium oxide can be a substitute to titanium as implant materials to solve the esthetic problems of dark color in the gingival portion of implant restorations. PURPOSE: This study was performed to define attachment and growth behavior of osteoblast- like cells cultured on grooved surfaces of zirconium oxide and evaluate the genetic effect of zirconium oxide surfaces using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). MATERIAL AND METHODS: MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured on (1) commercially pure titanium discs with smooth surface (T group), (2) yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) with machined surface (ZS group), and (3) Y-TZP with $100{\mu}m$ grooves (ZG group). Cell proliferation activity was evaluated through MTT assay and cell morphology was examined by SEM. The mRNA expression of Runx2, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, TGF-${\beta}1$, IGF-1, G3PDH in E1 cells were evaluated by RT-PCR. RESULTS: From the MTT assay, after 48 hours of adhesion of MC3T3-E1 cells, the mean optical density value of T group and ZG group significantly increased compared to the ZS group. SEM images of osteoblast-like cells showed that significantly more cells were observed to attach to the grooves and appeared to follow the direction of the grooves. After 24 hours of cell adhesion, more spreading and flattening of cells with active filopodia formation occurred. Results of RT-PCR suggest that T group, ZS group, and ZG group showed comparable osteoblast-specific gene expression after 24 hours of cell incubation. CONCLUSION: Surface topography and material of implants can play an important role in expression of osteoblast phenotype markers. Zirconia ceramic showed comparable biological responses of osteoblast-like cells with titanium during a short-time cell culture period. Also, grooves influence cell spreading and guide the cells to be aligned within surface grooves.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.269-276
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• 2012

The anti-tumor effect of monocyte-derived DC (MoDC) vaccine was studied in lung cancer model with feasible but weak Ag-specific immune response and incomplete blocking of tumor growth. To overcome this limitation, the hematopoietic stem cell-derived DC (SDC) was cultured and the anti-tumor effect of MoDC & SDC was compared in mouse lung cancer minimal residual model (MRD). Therapeutic DCs were cultured from either $CD34^+$ hematopoietic stem cells with GM-CSF, SCF and IL-4 for 14 days (SDC) or monocytes with GM-CSF and IL-4 for 7 days (MoDC). DCs were injected twice by one week interval into the peritoneum of mice that are inoculated with Lewis Lung Carcinoma cells (LLC) one day before the DC injection. Anti-tumor responses and the immune modulation were observed 3 weeks after the final DC injection. CD11c expression, IL-12 and TGF-${\beta}$ secretion were higher in SDC but CCR7 expression, IFN-${\gamma}$ and IL-10 secretion were higher in MoDC. The proportion of $CD11c^+CD8a^+$ cells was similar in both DC cultures. Although both DC reduced the tumor burden, histological anti-tumor effect and the frequencies of IFN-${\gamma}$ secreting $CD8^+$ T cells were higher in SDC treated group than in MoDC. Conclusively, although both MoDC and SDC can induce the anti-tumor immunity, SDC may be better module as anti-tumor vaccine than MoDC in mouse lung cancer.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2008

A mutation of UNCL, an inner nuclear membrane RNAbinding protein, has been found to eliminate mechanotransduction in Drosophila. UNCL is expressed in human periodontal tissue including in periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts. However, it is unclear how a mechanical stimulus is translated into cellular responses in PDL fibroblasts. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of UNCl on mechanical stress related genes in PDL fibroblasts in response to mechanical stress. The mRNA of TGF-$\beta$, COX-2, and MMP-2 was up-regulated after UNCL inactivation in PDL fibroblasts under the compression force. Under the tensile force, inactivation of UNCL decreased the expression of Biglycan, RANKL, MMP-2, and TIMP-2 mRNAs while it increased the expression of TIMP-1. p38-MAPK was expressed in PDL fibroblasts under compression forces whereas phospho-ERK1/2, p65-NFkB, and c-fos were expressed under tension forces. The expression and phosphorylation of the mechanical stress related genes, kinases, and transcription factors were changed according to the types of stress. Furthermore, most of them were regulated by the inactivation of UNCL. This suggests that UNCL is involved in the regulation of mechanical stress related genes through the signaling pathway in PDL fibroblasts.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제8권2호통권9호
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• pp.95-107
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• 2002

Yukmijihwang-tang(YM) is a noted herbal prescription in Chinese and Korean traditional medicines, and it has been known to reinforce the vital essence and has been widely used for a variety of disease such as stroke, osteoporosis, anti-tumor, and hypothyrodism. Regarding its traditional use, YM has been known to reinforce the Yin (vital essence) of liver and kidney. Also it has been known to reinforce nutrition and biological function in brain. Recently, studies suggested that YM increase antioxidant activities and exert the protective effect against oxidant-induced liver cell injury. We investigated the high-throughput gene expression analysis on the Yukmijihwang-tang administrated in SD rats. Microarray data were validated on a limited number of genes by semiquantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. The recent availability of microarrays provides an attractive strategy for elaborating an unbiased molecular profile of large number of genes in drug discovery This experimental approach offers the potential to identify molecules or cellular pathways not previously associated with herbal medicine. Total RNA from normal control brain and Yukmijihwang-tang administrated brain were hybridized to microarrays containing 10,000 rat genes. The 52 genes were found to be up-regulated(twice or more) excluding EST gene. The nine genes were found to be down-regulated(twice or more) excluding EST gene. Gene array technology was used to identify for the first time many genes expression pathway analysis that arecell cycle pathway, apoptosis pathway, electron transport chain pathway, cytoplasmic ribosomal protein pathway, fatty acid degradation pathway, and TGF-beta signaling pathway. These differentially expressed genes pathway analysis have not previously been iavestigated in the context of herbal medicine efficacy and represent novel factors for further study of the mechanism of herbal medicine efficacy.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.39-42
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• 2010

Maxillary sinus lift and bone graft are used to reconstruct atrophic maxilla molar area for endosseous dental implants. Many different grafting materials and techniques can be used for maxillary sinus bone graft. Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$ has been proposed as bone substitute and successfully utilized as osteoconductive filler. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous material with many growth factors, such as PDGF, TGF-$\beta$, IGF, VEGF, facilitating bone healing process. And Platelet poor plasma (PPP) is the by-product in procedure of producing PRP. Six rabbits were used as experimental animal. Both maxillary sinus were grafted with Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$ and PRP, and Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$ and PPP. Rabbits were sacrificed at 4, 8 and 12 weeks. The grafting sites were evaluated by histomorphometric analysis. As a result, using PRP showed excellent bone formation in the early stage, but no further significant effect after that. In late stage, the ability of bone formation of using PRP was even worse than using PPP. The further studies need to be considered in this case.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.18-29
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• 2000

호흡기 바이러스 감염은 모든 연령층의 천식에 상당한 영향을 미치는 데 영아에서 RSV는 천명을 야기하고 대부분 일시적이나 재발성 일수도 있다. 어릴 때 바이러스 감염은 면역체계 형성에 영향를 미쳐 알러지와 천식의 위험을 완하할 수있다고 한다. 또한 소아와 성인 천식에서 RV같은 감기 바이러스는 천식의 급성 증상을 유발한다. 호흡기 바이러스 감염에 대한 면역반응이, 기관지로 부터 바이러스 제거 기능외에 기도수축과 호흡기 증상에 관여한다고 한다. 이러한 변화가 일어나는 기전은 호흡기 바이러스가 proinflammatory 사이토카인과 매개체 생성을 유도하는 능력과 연관성이 있는 것 같고 이들이 상하기도 호흡기 증상 및 기도반응 변화에 관여하는 것으로 생각된다. 호흡기 바이러스 감염에 대한 면역반응을 요약하면 바이러스 감염으로 상피세포, 내피세포, 과립백혈구가 활성화되며, 상피세포는 사이토카인, 키모카인, 매개체들을 분비하여 항 면역 반응를 주도하다. 이와 같은 상피세포와 다른 기관지 세포들의 조기 활성화로 내피 세포에 유착분자 표현을 증가시켜 백혈구 동원 증가 및 혈관 투과성을 증가시켜 부종과 분비물을 증가시킨다. 바이러스 또는 바이러스 유발 사이토카인에 의해 활성화된 과립 백혈구, 대식세포, T세포들도 기도염증 증가, 기도폐쇄를 야기하고 기도반응을 증가시킨다. 세포독성 임파구에 의한 바이러스 감염세포의 분해, TGF-$\beta$ IL-10 같은 사이토카인에 의해 부분적으로 염증억제, 기도 remoldeling에 의한 기도구조의 재생등이 바이러스 감염후 기관지 기능의 지속적 변화를 결정한다. 끝으로 천식환자에서 RV 감염의 병인에 관한 기본적 문제는 RV감염이 정상인에서는 경한 증상을 나타내는 데 천식환자에서는 왜 심한 임상증상을 나타내는지 아직 완전히 밝혀지지 않았다. 항 바이러스에 대한 면역반응이 천식환자에서 손상되었는지 또는 천식환자에서 RV감염에 의한 중증의 임상증상은 어떤 다른 세포가 관여하는지? 이들에 대한 답은 기도염증이 천식에서 어떻게 조절되는지 또한 바이러스 감염에 의한 악화된 증상을 어떻게 치료할 것인가에 대한 방향을 제시해줄 것이다.