• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.787-801
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• 2001

The molecular mechanisms control the function of PDL(periodonta1 ligament) cells and/or fibroblasts remain unclear. PDLsl7, PDL-specific gene, had previousely　identified the cDNA for a novel protein from cultured　PDL fibroblasts using subtraction hybridization between gingival fibroblasts and　PDL fibroblasts. The purpose　of this study was to determine the regulation by growth factors and cytokines on　PDLsl7 gene expression in　cultured human periodontal ligament cells and observe the immunohistochemical　localization of PDLsl7 protein in various tissues of mouse. Primary PDL fibroblasts isolated by scraping the root of the extracted human mandibular third molars. The cells were incubated with various concentration of human recombinant $IL-1{\beta}$, PDGF-BB and TGF\;${\beta}$ for 48h nd 2 weeks. At each time point total RNA was extracted and the levels of transcription ere assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR assay). polyclonal antiserum raised against PDLsl7 peptides, CLSVSYNRSYQINE and SEAVHETDLHDGC, were made, and stained the tooth, periodontium, developing bone, bone marrow and mid-palatal suture of the mouse. The results were as follows. 1. PDLsl7 mRNA levels were increased in response to PDGF (10ng/ml) and $TGF\;{\beta}$(20ng/ml) after treatment of the $IL-1{\beta}$, PDGF-BB and $TGF{\beta}$for 48 h. 2. PDLsl7 was up-regulated only by $TGF{\beta}$(20 ng/ml) after treatment of the $IL-1{\beta}$, PDGF-BB and $TGF\;{\beta}$ for 2 weeks and unchanged by the other stimulants. 3. PDLsl7 was a novel protein coding the 142 amino acid peptides in the ORF and the nucleotide sequences of the obtained cDNA from RT-PCR was exactly same as the nucleotides of the database. 4. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that PDLsl7 is preferentially expressed in the PDL, differentiating osteoblast-like cells and stromal cells of the bone marrow in the adult mouse. 5. The expression of PDLsl7 protein was barely detectable in gingival fibroblasts, hematopoetic cells of the bone marrow and mature osteocytes of the alveolar bone. These results suggest that PDLsl7 might upregulated by PDGF-BB or $TGF{\beta}$ and acts at the initial stage of differentiation when the undifferentiated mesenchymal cells in the bone marrow and PDL differentiate into multiple cell types. However, more research needs to be performed to gain a better understanding of the exact function of PDLsl7 during the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal and PDL cells.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.70-70
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• 2019

Hepatic fibrosis is a common chronic liver diseases, characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) is proliferative and fibrogenic and accumulating ECM. Transforming growth factor $(TGF)-{\beta}1$ is a critical mediator of HSC activation and ECM accumulation leading to fibrosis. Tenebrio molitor (TM), known as yellow mealworms, is reported in many countries as the nutritional value of foods. Our study has aims of finding liver function improvement effect of S. cerevisiae fermented Tenebrio molitor (SCTM) in vitro model. SCTM regulates $TGF-{\beta}1$ induced hepatic fibrosis via regulation of the $TGF-{\beta}1/Smad$ signaling. Also, we compared the components increased by yeast fermentation. It is possible to make a useful insect-derived alternative food in the improvement of hepatic liver disease.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.427-432
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• 2006

Purpose: Noninflammatory synovial fibrosis has been noted for main causal factor of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Recently, there are some reports that heparin have not only anti-coagulative effect but also anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic potential and have an effect on interstitial pulmonary fiborosis. Authors examined whether heparin affects pathogenesis of CTS. Methods: First, heparin was administered to fibroblast that was cultured from patient's transverse carpal ligament. Secondly, we evaluated the expression from genes of type I, III collagen, TGF ${\beta}$ isoforms and MMP. Fibroblasts were isolated and cultured from transverse carpal ligaments of 5 patients with CTS. Heparin (0, 1, 10,$100{\mu}g/ml$) was administered to cultured fibroblast and reverse transcription PCR for mRNA expression of type I, III collagen, TGF-${\beta}$ isoforms and MMP was done. Results: Heparin suppressed gene expression of type I, III collagen and TGF-${\beta}1$, ${\beta}3$ but promoted gene expression of TGF-${\beta}2$ and MMP-2. Conclusion: Heparin directly suppress gene expression of type I, III collagen. But, It is undetermined that heparin can present it's effect mediated by TGF ${\beta}$ isoforms or MMP.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study was to solve skin moisturizing action mechanism issues of pomegranate concentrated solution (PCS) and dried pomegranate concentrate powder (PCP), at least partially. Materials and methods: In this study, ceramide and $TGF-{\beta}1$ contents with $TGF-{\beta}1$ mRNA expressions were analysis on the skin tissue homogenate samples after 56 days of continuous oral administration of PCS 1, 2, and 4 ml/kg, and PCP 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg. Results: Noticeable and dose-dependent increases of skin $TGF-{\beta}1$ contents and mRNA expressions were demonstrated in all PCP and PCS treated mice as compared with intact vehicle control, but no significant changes on the skin ceramide contents were demonstrated in all PCP and PCS treated mice as compared with intact vehicle control, in the current study. In addition, PCP 200 mg/kg showed similar increases of the skin $TGF-{\beta}1$ contents and mRNA expressions as compared to those of PCS 4 ml/kg. Conclusions: The presented results suggested that in vivo skin moisturizing effects of PCP and PCS after oral administration through up regulation of hyaluronan synthesis demonstrated in our previous results, may be possibly mediated by modulation of $TGF-{\beta}1$ expressions at least partially, without critical influences on the skin ceramide contents.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.8-18
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to verify that the expressions of angiogenin, transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-${\beta}$), vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease(APEX) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-${\alpha}$) were associated with the tumorigenesis of the oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC). Materials and Methods: Fifty-one samples of OSCC and fifteen normal oral mucosae were obtained to analyze the expression levels of above five factors. mRNA expressions were quantified by the quantitative competitive PCR(QC-PCR) method. After 2% agarose gel electrophoresis stained with ethidium bromide, the concentration of mRNA was calculated by a digital image analysis system. The expression levels of angiogenin, TGF-${\beta}$, VEGF, APEX and TNF-${\alpha}$ were compared by unpaired Student's t-tests between cancer and normal tissues. We analyzed statistically to find the cut-off values that would be useful as diagnostic markers, and the linear regression analysis between every two factors of these five factors by SAS system. Results: All of these five factors (angiogenin: P<0.0037, TGF-${\beta}$: P<0.0001, VEGF: P<0.0102, APEX: P<0.0023, TNF-${\alpha}$: P<0.0074) were significantly correlated with OSCC. In the analysis to find the cut-off values for the diagnosis, we could not find any value that had a reasonable sensitivity and specificity. In the linear regression analysis, there were correlations between angiogenin and TNF-${\alpha}$, TGF-${\beta}$ and VEGF, TGF-${\beta}$ and APEX, TGF-${\beta}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$, VEGF and APEX, VEGF and TNF-${\alpha}$, APEX and TNF-${\alpha}$. Conclusion: Our results suggest that not only angiogenin, TGF-${\beta}$, VEGF, APEX and TNF-${\alpha}$ are significantly associated with the tumorigenesis, but also the close relationship between these factors might enhance the tumorigenesis of OSCC. We can not find clinical availability for diagnosis.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.161-168
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• 2005

목적: 강력한 항산화 효과를 지닌 melatonin을 전처치하였을 때 방사선유도성 섬유증 과정에서 중요한 사이토카인인 $TGF-{\beta}1$의 변화된 발현양상을 마우스 폐에서 연구하였다. 대상 및 방법: C57BL/6 마우스를 실험군에 따라 세 군(대조군, 방사선조사 단독군, melatonin 전처치군(방사선조사 1시간 전에 300 mg/kg 복강주사))으로 분류하고 양측 흉곽에 12 Gy의 선량을 단일조사하였다. 방사선조사 후 2주와 4주의 폐조직에서 $TGF-{\beta}1$ mRNA 발현수준을 측정하기 위해 semiquantitive RT-PCR를 시행하였고, $TGF-{\beta}1$ protein 발현의 수준과 위치를 보기 위해 면역조직화학염색을 시행하였다. 결과: 2주 후에 측정된 mRNA 발현은 방사선조사 단독군과 melatonin 전처치군에서 각각 대조군의 1.92배와 1.80배 증가된 수준을 보였고(p=0.064), 4주 후에는 각각 2.38배와 1.94배 수준의 증가된 발현을 보였다(p=0.004). $TGF-{\beta}1$ protein의 발현은 조직병리학적으로 방사선손상 영역에서 주로 관찰되었는데 폐포 대식세포와 폐포벽의 상피세포들이 주요 근원이었다. 발현수준은 2주완 4주 후에 각각 $15.8\%\;vs\;16.9\%$ (P=0.565), 그리고 $36.1\%\;vs\;25.7\%$ (p=0.009)이었다. 결론: Melatonin 전처치로 방사선조사에 의한 $TGF-{\beta}1$ mRNA와 protein의 발현이 4주 후에 유의하게 감소됨을 관찰하였다. 따라서 방사선으로 인한 폐손상 시에 항섬유증 약물로의 사용가능성을 확인하였다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.304-312
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 면역 억제 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있는 조절 T 세포 (regulatory T cell, Treg)의 새로운 생리학적 기능 대하여 확인해보고자 하였다. 시험관내나 동물실험에서 조절 T 세포가 분비하는 transforming growth factor ${\beta}1$ ($TGF-{\beta}1$)에 의하여 이식 직전까지 췌장섬세포의 생존률을 향상시키면서 동시에 혈당조절 기능이 향상될 수 있을 것이라는 가설이다. 이를 증명하기 위하여 마우스를 이용한 1형 당뇨병 모델을 제작한 뒤, 180 IEQ (islet equivalents)의 췌장섬세포를 동종간 이식하였다. 췌장섬세포는 이식 수술 시행 전까지 48시간 동안 $4{\times}10^6$의 Treg 세포와 함께 배양하여 Treg 유래 $TGF-{\beta}1$에 충분히 노출시킨 뒤 사용하였다. Treg 단독군, 췌장섬세포 단독군 및 Treg/islet 동시 배양군에서 각각 $TGF-{\beta}1$, IL-6 및 인슐린 분비 수준의 변화를 측정하였다. Treg/islet 동시 배양군에서 IL-6와 인슐린 분비는 증가하였고 (P<0.0005, P<0.005), 췌장섬세포 단독군과 비교하여 생존율이 향상되었다(P<0.005). 또한, 이식 후, 동시 배양된 췌장섬세포는 1형 당뇨병 마우스 모델에서 혈당 수치를 보다 효율적으로 조절하였다. 이러한 결과는 Treg 세포가 $TGF-{\beta}1$ 분비를 통하여 췌장섬세포의 기능과 생존력을 향상시킬 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2002년도 Molecular and Cellular Response to Toxic Substances
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• pp.141-141
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• 2002

Transforming growth factor-${\beta}$ (TGF-${\beta}$), a hormonally active polypeptide found in normal and transformed tissues, regulates cellular growth and phenotyphic plasticity. We have previously shown that H-ras, but not N-ras, induces invasive phenotype in MCF10A human breast epithelial cells.(omitted)

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권19호
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• pp.8143-8147
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• 2014

To investigate the expression intensity and prognostic significance of TGF-${\beta}1$ protein in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), immunohistochemistry was carried out in 194 cases of NSCLC and 24 cases of normal lung tissues by SP methods. The PU (positive unit) value was used to assess the TGF-${\beta}1$ protein expression in systematically selected fields under the microscope with Leica Q500MC image analysis. We found that the TGF-${\beta}1$ PU value was nearly two-fold higher in NSCLC than in normal lung tissues (p=0.000), being associated with TNM stages (p=0.000) and lymph node metastases (p=0.000), but not to patient age, gender, smoking history, tumor differentiation, histological subtype and tumor location (P>0.05). Univariate analysis indicated that patients with high TGF-${\beta}1$ protein expression and lymph node metastases demonstrated a poor prognosis (both p=0.000,). Multivariate analysis showed that TGF-${\beta}1$ protein expression (RR = 2.565, p=0.002) and lymph node metastases (RR=1.874, p=0.030) were also independent prognostic factors. Thus, TGF-${\beta}1$ protein expression may be correlated to oncogenesis and serve as an independent prognostic biomarker for NSCLC.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of electrical stimulation (ES) on the wound closure rate, collagen deposition, and TGF-${\beta}$1 mRNA expression in skin wound of rat. Methods: Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats (222~271 g) were randomly divided into ES (n=10) and control group (n=10). The ES group received a cathodal stimulation with 50 V at 100 pps for 30 minutes for 7 days, while the control group was not given electrical stimulation. The wound closure rate, collagen density and TGF-${\beta}$1 mRNA ratio were measured. Results: The mean wound closure rates in the ES and control groups were $83.79{\pm}16.35$% and $51.57{\pm}17.76$%, respectively (p<0.001). The collagen density in the ES and control groups were $46.67{\pm}10.68$% and $25.03{\pm}13.09$%, respectively (p<0.001). The TGF-${\beta}$1 mRNA ratio in the ES and control groups were $1.35{\pm}0.60$ and $0.63{\pm}0.30$, respectively at 6 hours post-wound (p<0.01) and $1.69{\pm}0.47$ and $1.32{\pm}0.28$, respectively, at 7 days post-wound (p<0.05). Conclusions: ES accelerated the wound closure rate of skin incision wounds and was accompanied by an increase in collagen deposition in the regenerating dermis. In addition, ES increased TGF-${\beta}$1 mRNA expression during wound healing process. These findings suggest that ES may activate TGF-${\beta}$1 expression, and may increase synthesis activities of fibroblasts in regenerating skin wounds in rats.