• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2014

Background: Recently, a hybrid surgical-electrophysiological (EP) approach for confirming ablation lines in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) was suggested. The aim of this approach was to overcome the limitations of current surgery- and catheter-based techniques to yield better outcomes. Methods: Ten consecutive patients with AF underwent total thoracoscopic ablation (TTA) following transvenous catheter EP ablation (residual gap and cavotricuspid isthmus [CTI] ablation). Holter monitoring was performed 6 months postoperatively. Results: Ten patients (90% with persistent AF) underwent successful hybrid procedures, and there was no in-hospital mortality. An EP study was performed in 8 patients and showed that successful antral ablation in all pulmonary veins was achieved in 7 of them. The median follow-up duration was 7.63 months (range, 6.7 to 11.6 months). Nine patients underwent Holter monitoring 6 months postoperatively, and the results indicated an underlying sinus rhythm without AF, atrial flutter, or atrial tachycardia lasting more than 30 seconds in all of the patients. There was no recurrence of AF during follow-up. Conclusion: A hybrid approach that consists of TTA followed by transvenous catheter EP ablation (residual gap and CTI ablation) yielded excellent outcomes in our patient population. A hybrid approach should be considered in patients with a high risk of AF recurrence.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 2007

It is essential for gait analysis to know the distance information. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of start and finish distance on the gait variable during walking. Six adolescent participated in this study. Start condition was given by six conditions.: walking forward from (1) one step, (2) three steps, (3) five steps, (4) ten steps, (5) one step after standing walk, and (6) three steps after standing walk, before contacting the force plate. Stop condition was given by four conditions. : stop after (1) one step, (2) two steps, (3) three steps, and (4) ten steps, passing force plate. Repeated measured one-way ANOVA was utilized for data analysis, and the significant level was set at .05. The largest change from the difference of gait velocity exists between the variables of ground reaction force. There were no significant differences in spatio-temporal and posture(angle) variables, as well as ground reaction force variables with walking over the three steps. There were significant differences in gait velocity, knee angle at heel contact, vertical impulse and ankle angle at toe off in short distance.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.219-226
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• 2010

In the present study, we investigated whether a gross deletion in the nef gene ($g{\Delta}nef$) is induced by Korean red ginseng (KRG) intake. Ten patients were treated with KRG powder for 3 years in the absence of antiretroviral drug therapy. On average, $3,555{\pm}1,042\;g$ KRG was administered per person over $36.1{\pm}2.4$ months. There was a mild decrease in CD4 T cell count ($75{\pm}110/{\mu}L$) over the $36.1{\pm}2.4$ months (p = 0.059). We obtained 355 nef amplicons using 71 peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples over a 3-year period. All ten patients exhibited g${\Delta}$nef (range, 3.2 to 45.9%). At baseline, 3 of 78 amplicons (3.8%) exhibited $g{\Delta}nef$, whereas 18.8% (52/277) revealed $g{\Delta}nef$ during KRG-intake (p<0.001). The proportion of $g{\Delta}nef$ was significantly correlated with monthly dose of KRG (r=0.89, p<0.001). The median time for first detection of $g{\Delta}nef$ was 13 months. In conclusion, our data show that $g{\Delta}nef$ is inducible by KRG intake and its proportion is dependent on the duration of KRG intake and dose of KRG.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.87-100
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• 2019

Objective : This study's purpose was to review the clinical studies of Mahwang-tang (MHT). Method : We searched ten clinical studies of MHT using KISS, RISS, NAVER, PUBMED, Science Direct. Ten papers were sorted by 4 topics, as influenza, pediatric febrile symptoms, contact dermatitis, and adjuvant for chronic hepatitis C. At last we analyzed if these papers are consistent with the keywords of Shanghanlun provisions about MHT. Results : When summarizing these papers again by topic, there were 4 studies on influenza, 1 study on pediatric febrile symptoms, 1 study on contact dermatitis and 4 studies as an adjuvant for chronic hepatitis C. Conclusion : These studies were consistent with terms such as fever, headache, aversion to wind, body pain, pain in the lumbar, articular pain written in Shanghanlun provisions. In addition to this, research on anti-depressive effects of MHT is proceeding systematically. However, studies on nosebleeds and pulses are still underdeveloped and further studies are needed.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the measurement results of the financial comprehension test conducted ten times in order to study the financial comprehension. Research design, data, and methodology: In this study, correct answer rates in the Economics and Finance Literacy Certification Test were analyzed across ten rounds of tests taken by 6,662 high school students in Korea. Result: The analysis revealed that Korean high school students' level of financial literacy generally increased as the grade level increased, and the correct answer rates of students at autonomous high schools and special-purpose high schools were statistically different from those of students at general academic high schools and specialized high schools. Conclusion: We can therefore infer that students at specialized high schools face limitations in tackling financial problems due to their lack of proficiency in interpretation and calculation of data necessary for real life financial decision-making. In contrast, students at general academic high schools, special-purpose high schools, and autonomous high schools who do not learn finance as a part of their official curriculum at school were lacking in basic financial knowledge as well as knowledge about the financial system compared to students at specialized high schools, highlighting the need for a measure to address the deficiency.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.41-60
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• 1994

The objective of this paper is to verify clinical effects of Lyu's Soyosan(柳氏逍遙散) and Lyu's Kwipithang(柳氏歸脾湯). They were prescribed to the enperimental student group suffering from mental stress and annoyed by psychological instability. From the biochemical examination before and after medication, we measure the amount of hormonal variation in thyroid hormone(TSH, $T_4$) and adrenocortical hormone(ACTH, cortisol) The results are as follows. 1. The average of self-rating anxiety scale(SAS) in test group is $41.00\;{\pm}\;7.84$. This value is statistical significant and higher than one of normal person(age 20-39). The average of a global assesment of recent stress(GARS) scale is $28.62\;{\pm}9.00$. There is statistical correlation coefficient between SAS and GARS (p < 0.001). 2. Both Lyu's Soyosan(柳氏逍遙散) and Lyu.s Kwipithang (柳氏歸脾湯) groups show statistically significant reduction of total cholesterol and triglyceride level in serum lipid after ten day medication. 3. It is observed that Lyu's Soyisan(柳氏逍遙散) and Luy's Kwipithang (柳氏歸脾湯) groups have increasing tendency of TSH. The statistically significant reduction of $T_4$ was found in two groups after ten day medicaton. 4. It is observed that Lyu's Soyosan(柳氏逍遙散) and Lyu's kwipithang (柳氏歸脾湯) group have statistically significant reduction of serum cortisol level after ten day medication, Both groups have statistically significant reduction of plasma ACTH level after twenty day medication. From these results, it is verified that both Lyu's Soyosan(柳氏逍遙散) and Lyu's Kwipithang (柳氏歸脾湯) have anti-stress effects against psychological instability and mental stress. The Lyu's Soyosn(柳氏逍遙散) shows special effectiveness in depression of liver-energy(肝氣鬱結) and the Lyu's Kwipitang (柳氏歸脾湯) is also effective in deficiency heart-blood(心血不足).

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2015

Objective : This study was the influence of the training program using virtual reality on eye-hand coordination in children with developmental disordered. Methods : Six children(5 males, 1 female)with developmental disordered were recruited and randomly assigned to the control group(n=3) and the experimental group(n=3). Three children in the control group performed a fifty minutes of SI program ten times for ten weeks. In the experimental group, the other three children underwent a fifty minutes of SI program and virtual reality game. K-DTVP-2(Korean Developmental Test of Visual Perception)was used to measure the eye-hand coordination. Results : After a ten weeks of training program, there were significant differences in the eye-hand coordination in the experimental group. Conclusion : The training program using virtual reality games influenced for improving at the eye-hand coordination in children with developmental disordered.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.53-60
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of smoothness and coordination of the fingers and upper extremities between skilled and non-skilled players during receiving the basketball. Method: Ten male recreational basketball players (age: $23.2{\pm}2.7yrs.$, career: $8.6{\pm}1.6yrs.$, height: $177.3{\pm}6.0$, weight: $72.9{\pm}8.5kg$) careering over five years and ten non-skilled males (age: $27.3{\pm}1.5yrs.$, height: $173.7{\pm}5.6$, weight: $73.2{\pm}12.6kg$) were participated in this study. Then, participants were asked to perform basketball receiving movement for ten times. The receiving movements were recorded by eight infrared cameras (Oqus 300, Qualisys, Sweden). The collected rad data were calculated to duration of basketball receiving, Jerk-Cost, CRP and CRP variability. Results: The CRP of MCP-Wr, Wr-El in skilled group were greater than non-skilled group (p<.05). The CRP variability of El-Sh in non-skilled group was greater than skilled group (p<.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that skilled players perform more effective movement for impact absorption from the basketball. Moreover, the skilled players have consistent movement patterns during basketball performance. Lastly, it is important to train finger sensation and cognitive ability of thrown basketball from the passer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.881-891
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• 2021

This study proposes a simple drape measurement method for the 3D virtualization of garments. The proposed method uses angles or disks of different diameters to evaluate the drape properties easily. We divided 710 fabrics into ten groups based on the drape coefficient, of which 49.6% had drape coefficients of 30 or less. The drape properties were measured to classify the groups into smaller clusters using the angle formed when the center of the fabric was fixed. Accordingly, three clusters were formed for 60° and 100° angles. A method was devised using ten disks of different diameters to classify the remaining two clusters, except the cluster containing only the D10 group (D1-D5 and D5-D9). Three criteria-grade match, a sum of deviation, and standardization of deviation-were used for the classifications. The discriminative ability between groups was high for D1-D5 with disks with 24.0 and 25.5 cm diameters. Furthermore, a disk with a diameter of 16.5 cm was effective for D5-D9. The three-dimensional drape shapes were unique for the ten groups, which can be utilized as fundamental data for 3D virtualization.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.141-151
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• 2022

Soil seed banks as natural storage of plant seeds play an important role in the maintenance and regeneration of watershed. Natural regeneration potential of the soil seed bank of Land use types (LUTs) in Ogun River watershed (ORW) was investigated. ORW was stratified using proportionate sampling technique into Guinea Savannah (GS), Rainforest (RF) and Swamp Forest (SF) Ecological Zones (EZs). Three LUTs: Natural Forest (NF), Disturbed Forest (DF) and Farmland (FL) were purposively selected in GS: GSNF, GSDF, GSFL; RF: RFNF, RFDF, RFFL and SF: SFNF, SFDF, SFFL, respectively. Systematic line transects was used in the laying of the sample plots. Sample plots of 25 m×25 m were established in alternate positions. Ten 1 m×1 m quadrats were randomly laid for soil core sampling from previously randomly selected ten plots. The core samples (10) were pooled per plot in each LUT and placed in individual trays. Ten trays with sterilized soil were used as control. The trays were watered regularly and checked for seedlings emergence fortnightly for 18 months. The experimental design used was 3×3 factorial experiments. ANOVA, Diversity index (H') and Similarity index (SI) were used to analyze the data. There was significant difference in seedling emergence among ecological zones and land use types (p<0.05). A total of 4,400 seedlings emerged from the soil samples. All species were distributed among 32 families. FL in the RF had the highest number of germinated seeds (705±37.33 seedlings) followed by DF in the RF (701±49.6 seedlings). The lowest emergence was in NF of the SF (199±28.41 seedlings). DF in the RF had highest number of species (34) distributed among 22 families. Emergence from soil seed bank of NF in ORW was generally with more of tree species than herbs that were predominant in FL and DF.