• PNF and Movement
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.361-371
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of performing a dual task on gait velocity, temporospatial variables, and symmetry in subjects with subacute stroke. Methods: The study included 14 independent community ambulators with gait velocity of 0.8m/s. The Korean mini-mental state examination, the Berg balance scale, the Trunk impairment scale, and the Fugl-Meyer assessment scale were used to recruit homogeneous subjects. Subjects performed a single task (10m ambulation at a comfortable speed) and a dual task (10m ambulation at a comfortable speed while carrying a water-filled glass). Gait variables were examined with the OptoGait system. Results: The findings of this study were as follows: 1) Gait velocity decreased significantly in the dual-task condition as compared to the single task condition. 2) There were no significant differences between the paretic and non-paretic stances. 3) Paretic swing decreased significantly in the dual-task condition as compared to the single task condition. 4) The non-paretic, double-limb support phase increased significantly in the dual-task condition as compared to the single- task condition. 5) There was no significant difference in temporal symmetry. 6) Non-paretic step length decreased significantly in the dual-task condition as compared to the single-task condition. 7) There was no significant difference in spatial symmetry. Conclusion: Performing dual tasks decreases gait velocity, paretic swing phase, and non-paretic step length, while it increases non-paretic double limb support. In addition, although there is no difference in temporospatial symmetry, there is high inter-subject variability in temporospatial symmetry. Thus, dual tasks should be selected in accordance with the functional level of the hemiplegic patient, and inter-subject variability of the individual should be considered when dual tasks are considered for gait-training of hemiplegic patients.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.40-56
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• 2015

Objectives: To outline overall duties of quality improvement (QI) performers within a health care organization, thus describing their key tasks, including task element-related frequency, importance and difficulty in enough detail. Methods: A DACUM (Developing A CurriculUM) workshop took place to outline overall job activities of QI performers. To examine the scope of their duty and task, we performed a questionnaire survey of 338 QI performers from 111 hospitals. Results: The results of our survey showed that for the task assigned to each QI performer, there were 10 duties, 31 tasks and 119 task elements. Respondents cited a project planning as the most frequent/important duty, and a research was the highest level of difficulty in their duty. They also said that the most frequent task was index management, the most important task was a business plan, and the highest level of difficulty was a practical application of QI research. QI performers added that the most frequent task element was receipt of patient safety reporting in patient safety system, the most important task element was an analysis for patient safety and its improvement, and the highest level of difficulty was a regional influence analysis related to the patient safety and its improvement. Conclusion: To ensure that QI performers play a pivotal role as a manager to better improve patient safety and the quality of health care services, proper training program for them should be developed by reflecting the results of our study.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.61-68
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• 2018

Phonological awareness, or consciousness of speech sounds and operational skill with them, develops in the order word > syllable > phoneme, over the ages of four to seven. Among the various types of phonological awareness tasks, the deletion task has a higher level of difficulty because it requires operation and deletion of sounds within words. This task also has a high correlation with reading proficiency. This study utilized a deletion task with 20 questions to see how operational development depended on age and gender. The deletion task, with 20 questions, was tested on four- to six-year old children developing normally (N = 90). The results showed that phonological awareness performance improved with age. This age effect was not accompanied by a gender effect; age and gender interacted. The study confirmed the development of phonological awareness in four- to six-year-old children who were developing normally. The deletion task can be used to effectively detect the risk of difficulties with phonological awareness in preschoolers with speech, language, and reading problems.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.283-297
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• 1997

This study examined the development of verbatim and gist memory, and the effects of the relevance and inferential direction of the task on the development of the verbatim and gist memory. The subjects were second, fourth and sixth grade children in elementary schools. Each age group consisted of forty children. Eight sets of inference tasks were administered to each subject. In the task, the relevent and the extraneous sentences were mixed for inferential direction. The sentences that described 'which term is more' were inserted in half of the task and the sentences that indicated the direct numbers were included in the other half of the task. The task was presented by the audio tape in which instruction was recorded by one speaker. Results showed that (1) age differences in verbatim memory were significant but age differences in gist memory were not significant. These results indicate that the processes of verbatim and gist memory are separate and independent. (2) The relevance and inferential direction of the task affect gist memory but no verbatim memory. This result also supported independence between verbatim and gist memory. It was suggested that these results can be interpreted in terms of fuzzy trace theory.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.14-24
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• 2021

This study aims to examine probable human errors when landing an airplane by the use of SHERPA(systematic human error reduction and prediction approach) and propose methods for preventing the predictive human errors. It has been reported that human errors are concerned with a lot of accidents or incidents of an airplane. It is significant to predict presumable human errors, particularly in the operation mode of human-automation interaction, and attempt to reduce the likelihood of predicted human error. By referring to task procedures and interviewing domain experts, we analyzed airplane landing task by using HTA(hierarchical task analysis) method. In total, 6 sub-tasks and 19 operations were identified from the task analysis. SHERPA method was used for predicting probable human error types for each task. As a result, we identified 31 human errors and predicted their occurrence probability and criticality. Based on them, we suggested a set of methods for minimizing the probability of the predicted human errors. From this study, it can be said that SHERPA can be effectively used for predicting probable human error types in the context of human-automation interaction needed for navigating an airplane.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.243-251
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effects of aquatic and land dual-task training on balance, gait, and depression in chronic stroke patients. Methods: A total of 24 patients diagnosed with chronic stroke were the subjects. They were assigned to either the experimental group (n = 12) or the control group (n = 12). The experimental group performed aquatic dual-task training, while the control group performed land dual-task training. The aquatic and land dual-task training sessions were conducted once a day for 30 min, 5 days per week, for 6 weeks. Balance was measured using the Berg balance scale. Gait was measured using the Timed Up and Go Test. The Beck's Depression Inventory was used to measure depression. Results: Both the experimental and control groups showed significant differences in balance, gait, and depression after the intervention (p < 0.05) in the within-group comparisons. It was found that the experimental group showed more significant differences in balance, gait, and depression than the control group (p < 0.05) when the two groups were compared. Conclusion: It can be concluded that aquatic dual-task training effectively improved the balance ability, gait ability, and chronic stroke patients' depression based on these results.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.33-46
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• 1985

This study develops a scientific method in pilot selection by analysing a divided attention performance between the successful pilots and the failures in a flight training course. To measure the divided attention performance, Dual Task Method is used in which the primary task is a tracking task while the secondary tasks are, 1. short-term memory task 2. choice reaction task 3. judgement task. Result shows that the performance of the pilots is significantly better (p < 0.1) than that of the failures in divided attention performance. In addition, the differences in the divided attention performance between the two groups are increased in proportion to the difficulty of the task and especially in the short term memory, the increment is most dramatic.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.327-345
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• 1998

This paper deals with the problem of one-to-one mapping of 2$^n$ task modules of a parallel program to an n-dimensional hypercube multicomputer so as to minimize the total communication cost during the execution of the task. The problem of finding an optimal mapping has been proven to be NP-complete. First we show that the mapping problem in a hypercube multicomputer can be transformed into the problem of finding a set of maximum cutsets on a given task graph using a graph modification technique. Then we propose a repeated mapping scheme, using an existing graph bipartitioning algorithm, for the effective mapping of task modules onto the processors of a hypercube multicomputer. The repeated mapping scheme is shown to be highly effective on a number of test task graphs; it increasingly outperforms the greedy and recursive mapping algorithms as the number of processors increases. Our repeated mapping scheme is shown to be very effective for regular graphs, such as hypercube-isomorphic or 'almost' isomorphic graphs and meshes; it finds optimal mappings on almost all the regular task graphs considered.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2020

IoT has been consistently used in various fields such as smart home, wearables, and healthcare. Since IoT devices are small terminals, relatively simple wireless communication protocols such as IEEE 802.15.4 and ISO 18000 series are used. In this paper, we designed the 802.15.4q 2.4 GHz TASK physical layer. Physical protocol data unit of TASK supports bit-level interleaving and shortened BCH encoding. It is spread by unique ternary sequences. There are four spreading factors to choose the data rate according to the communication channel environment. The TASK physical layer was designed using verilog-HDL and verified through the loop-back test of the transceiver. The designed TASK physical layer was implemented in a fpga and tested using MAXIM RFICs. The PER was about 0% at 10 dB SNR. It is expected to be used in small, low power IoT applications.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.707-717
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was to develop and verify the effects of the exercise-cognitive combined dual-task training program on cognitive function and depression of the elderly with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The participants were assigned into two groups: an experimental group receiving an exercise-cognitive combined dual-task (n=20) and a control group receiving a simple-task (n=18). After 8 weeks of intervention (2 days per week), the change in depression and cognitive functions were compared between the groups. Results: General cognitive function (t=-2.81, p=.011), frontal cognitive function (Z=-3.50, p<.001), attention/working memory function (U=-2.91, p=.004), depression (t=4.96, p<.001) of the experimental group were significantly increased than those of the control group. Conclusion: The findings of the study showed that an exercise-cognitive combined dual-task program for MCI was effective in improving general cognitive function, frontal and executive function, attention/working memory function, and reducing depression.