• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

Purpose: Implicit motor learning is the capacity to acquire skill through physical practice without conscious awareness of what elements of performance improved. This study investigated whether subacute stroke patients can implicitly learn a perceptual-motor task. Methods: We recruited 12 patients with subacute stroke and 12 age-matched controls. All participants performed a perceptual-motor task that involved pressing a button corresponding with colored circles (blue, green, yellow, red) on a computer screen. The task consists of 7 blocks composed of 10 repetitions for a repeating 12-element sequence (total 120 responses). Results: Both groups demonstrated significant improvement in acquisition performance. Reaction times deceased in both groups at similar rate within the sequential block trials (2-5 blocks), and reaction times increased at a similar rate when the task paradigm was transferred from the sequential block trial to the random block trial (5-6-7 blocks). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that patients with sub-actue stroke can implicitly learn a perceptual motor skill. Although explicit instructions should be used to focus the learner's attention rather than provide information about the task, the application of implicit motor learning strategies in the rehabilitation setting may be beneficial.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.61-87
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• 2005

This paper has two primary objectives: (1) to propose a comprehensive theoretical model that incorporates valuable insights from two complementary streams of research, and (2) to empirically test the model that explain the task-media fit and satisfaction of customer contact center users. The comprehensive model was tested using LISREL analysis on the sample of 232 users who have experience with the customer contact center. The model was supported in customer contact center context, accounting for 29% of the variance in the task-media fit, 53% of the variance in the perceived ease of use, 61% of the variance in the perceived usefulness, and 52% of the variance in the user satisfaction. The results showed that the task-media fit, the perceived ease of use, and the perceived usefulness play a significant role in influencing the user satisfaction of the customer contact center. In addition, task analyzability, media richness, media interactivity, and self-efficacy were found to influence the task-media fit. The paper concludes with discussions and implications for researchers and practitioners.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.253-276
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the aspects of task-based materials in high school English textbooks for first year students in Korea. Based on the theoretical backgrounds for designing communicative tasks and the basic contents of the 7th national curriculum for English, a total of six different qualitative evaluation categories of task-based materials are constructed. The six categories include input data, settings, activity types, language skills, activity themes, and communicative functions. The results of the data analysis showed that the regulations of the 7th national English curriculum, which were aimed at improving the students' communicative abilities, were properly reflected in the materials of task-based activities of all textbooks. On the other hand, a few problems were found in some textbooks: too many individual tasks; being out of proportion in presenting task types and themes; non-systematic introduction of language skills, etc. To conclude, a few suggestions are made to provide some meaningful considerations for the text material developers in order to produce better textbooks in the future: task goals and rationale that encourage the learner's positive motivation; authenticity of input data based on the real-world context; a collaborative learning environment that enhances communicative interaction; a proportional representation of the various activity types including creative problem-solving procedures; systematic introduction of integrated language skills, etc.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2008

This paper presents a task planning system for a steward robot, which has been developed as an interactive intermediate agent between an end-user and a complex smart home environment called the ISH (Intelligent Sweet Home) at KAIST (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology). The ISH is a large-scale robotic environment with various assistive robots and home appliances for independent living of the elderly and the people with disabilities. In particular, as an approach for achieving human-friendly human-robot interaction, we aim at 'simplification of task commands' by the user. In this sense, a task planning system has been proposed to generate a sequence of actions effectively for coordinating subtasks of the target subsystems from the given high-level task command. Basically, the task planning is performed under the framework of STRIPS (Stanford Research Institute Problem Solver) representation and the split planning method. In addition, we applied a state-partitioning technique to the backward split planning method to reduce computational time. By analyzing the obtained graph, the planning system decomposes an original planning problem into several independent sub-problems, and then, the planning system generates a proper sequence of actions. To show the effectiveness of the proposed system, we deal with a scenario of a planning problem in the ISH.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.283-297
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• 1997

This study examined the development of verbatim and gist memory, and the effects of the relevance and inferential direction of the task on the development of the verbatim and gist memory. The subjects were second, fourth and sixth grade children in elementary schools. Each age group consisted of forty children. Eight sets of inference tasks were administered to each subject. In the task, the relevent and the extraneous sentences were mixed for inferential direction. The sentences that described 'which term is more' were inserted in half of the task and the sentences that indicated the direct numbers were included in the other half of the task. The task was presented by the audio tape in which instruction was recorded by one speaker. Results showed that (1) age differences in verbatim memory were significant but age differences in gist memory were not significant. These results indicate that the processes of verbatim and gist memory are separate and independent. (2) The relevance and inferential direction of the task affect gist memory but no verbatim memory. This result also supported independence between verbatim and gist memory. It was suggested that these results can be interpreted in terms of fuzzy trace theory.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.44-53
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• 2004

Purpose: This research was to grasp task performance of the Preceptor and to offer the basic data to a Preceptorship establishment. Method: 208 Preceptors which have been working at three 3rd medical institutions of Seoul. A task performance degree of Preceptor has been measured using a questionnaire which modifying and supplementing Schiwirian's tool(1974) The collected data was analyzed into description statistics, t-test and ANOVA through the SPSSWIN program. Result: The task performance degree was a $4.06{\pm}.51$ score. Personal relations and understanding was the highest area with a $4.31{\pm}.50$ score and patient education was the lowest area with a $3.69{\pm}.58$ score. the service career as a nurse is more than nine years(F=3.122, P=.027), worked as the Preceptor for more than five years to less than a seven year period(F=3.499, P=.016), the number of new nurses to educate as a Preceptor is more than five(F=3.509, P=.009), it has been evaluated as a good task performance. Conclusion: The selection of competent Preceptor and the development of the education program for Preceptors are required to deal with their task effectively. Above all, the task achieved successfully can be contributed to a Preceptorship establishment.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 2014

Quick and accurate learning of diverse electronic products has become an important daily task. In particular, software occupies core status in the control and operation of the products. This research tested the effects of learning method, schedule, and task difficulty in the learning of software. Using 2 (learning method: experiential vs. verbal) ${\times}$ 2 (learning schedule: spaced vs. massed) ${\times}$ 2 (difficulty: easy vs. difficult) between-subjects design, Experiment 1 tested participants' learning of file control using Windows Movie Maker. There was no effect of learning schedule on task completion time, but participants in experiential learning were faster in the completion of evaluation task compared with those in verbal learning condition. Importantly, as task difficulty increases participants in verbal condition showed markedly lower performance than those in experiential condition, which suggests that experiential learning is more effective with more difficult learning task. That is, in case of learning simple operation of software verbal learning using linguistic manual or instruction could be sufficient; on the other hand in case of learning complex operation learning from experience or tutorial mode would be more effective. Additional studies which manipulated task difficulty (Expt. 2) and inter-trial learning interval (Expt. 3) did not produce meaningful results.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.1589-1596
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• 2005

The imprecise real-time system provides flexibility in scheduling time-critical tasks. Most scheduling problems of satisfying both 0/1 constraint and timing constraints, while the total error is minimized, are NP complete when the optional tasks have arbitrary processing times. Liu suggested a reasonable strategy of scheduling tasks with the 0/1 constraint on uniprocessors for minimizing the total error. Song et al suggested a reasonable strategy of scheduling tasks with the 0/1 constraint on multiprocessors for minimizing the total error. But, these algorithms are all off-line algorithms. On the other hand, in the case of on line scheduling, Shih and Liu proposed the NORA algorithm which can find a schedule with the minimum total error for a task system consisting solely of on-line tasks that are ready upon arrival. But, for the task system with 0/1 constraint, it has not been known whether the NORA algorithm can be optimal or not in the sense that it guarantees all mandatory tasks are completed by their deadlines and the total error is minimized. So, this paper suggests an optimal algorithm to search minimum total error for the imprecise on-line real-time task system with 0/1 constraint. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm has the same complexity, O(N log N), as the NORA algorithm, where N is the number of tasks.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.43-53
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to survey a perception of frequency & importance level of job performance, from 249 paramedics who were working at fire station. The job related activities of 4 duties, 18 tasks and 145 task elements were checked by 4 rating scale. The data were analyzed using a SPSS program for descriptive statistics. The results of the study were as follows ; 1. Some of the most frequent tasks were medical tx, managing people & organization, trauma care, pt assessment, general coping skill 2. Some of the most frequent task elements were preparation of written reports, operation of pt lifting supplies, transportation of patients on stretchers, administration of cervical collar and utilization of scoop stretcher. 3. Some of the highest level of importance in task were resuscitation of circulation, surgical tx, safety & infection control, environmental emergency care, trauma care. 4. Some of the highest level of importance in task elements were administration of cervical collar, adult CPR, infant CPR, child CPR, and AED. 5. The highest level of task elements in perception of frequency & importance were administration of cervical collar, infection control after pt care, utilization of long back board, disinfection of ambulance after ride a long, care of chest pain pt, care of unconscious pt, tx of asthma. 6. A difference between frequent & importance score were due to lack of supplies(41%), structural problems(30%) and medical control system(16%), lack of skills(10%), Suggestion; 1. This paper would be more reliable and confirm through wilder range of survey. 2. It would be necessary of more depth survey through dacom study from paramedic. 3. Development of field oriented protocol & curriculum that based on task elements which have high score of both frequency & importance level is required.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.21-32
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify whether task-related circuit exercise program combined with sensorimotor training for 4 weeks could improve the balance and gait in stroke patients. Method: Fifteen stroke patients who had agreed with the study were randomly divided into 3 groups categorized as task-related circuit exercise program combined with sensorimotor training group (experimental group 1, n=5), task-related circuit exercise program group (experimental group 2, n=5), and control subjects performed conventional physical therapy (control group, n=5). The balance and gait were assessed by BT-4 force platform system, Berg Balance Scale, 10meter Walk Test and Smart Step at before training and after training. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to analyze change before and after intervention in intra-group. Kruskal Wallis H test, Mann-Whitney U test and Bonfferoni correction were used to analyze changes of all variables in inter-groups. Result: The experimental group 1 showed significant improvements in postural sway area, BBS scores, walking velocity and plantar pressures of affected foot, whereas the experimental group 2 showed significant improvements in BBS scores, and the control group were no significantly different in all variables following training. The changes of postural sway area and BBS scores in the experimental group 1 were significantly greater than them of the control group. The changes of postural sway area in the experimental group 1 was significantly greater than that of the experimental group 2. Conclusion: The result of this study suggest the task-related circuit exercise program combined with sensorimotor training is an effective intervention to improve balance and gait in stoke patients.