• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2002년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.213-220
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• 2002

Generally it is informed that urethane materials are superior to the others in physical characteristics, durability, ground improvement and the influence to environment . But, the existing urethane methods are too expensive to apply. So this study has analyzed the applicability of TAS method which has developed the existing urethane injection mechanism. From the results, Extending the max-infection distance over l0m from 6m which the existing methods could inject to, TAS method has proved to be economical. Also, the TAS method is obtained quickly to ground improvement effect in various tunnel constructions because rise-time was relatively shorter than that of cement-grouting. Therefore, it is expected that TAS method would be applied a lot for water proof and ground improvement etc. owing to its many advantages mentioned the above.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2002

일반적으로 우레탄 주입은 장기 강도와 환경친화적인 측면에서 우수성을 보이고 있다. 하지만 우레탄 공법은 짧은 Rise-time을 가지고 있으므로 주입구에서부터 아주 짧은 침투 반경을 보인다. 그러므로 깊은 지점의 지반개량을 위해서는 우레탄 공법이 사용 될 수 없다. 시멘트와 같은 다른 주입재는 급속한 경화가 필요한 현장에서는 그 대안이 되지 못하였다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해서 우레탄 공법의 단점을 TAS 공법을 통하여 보강하고자 한다. 현장실험을 실시한 결과 TAS 공법은 기존의 우레탄공법을 통하여 침투 주입 할 수 있는 거리보다 훨씬 더 먼 거리의, 10m 주입이 확인되었다. 또한 TAS 공법은 시멘트 그라우팅에 비해 상대적으로 짧은 Rise-time을 보이므로 주입 후 즉각적인 지반보강효과를 확인 할 수 있다. 짧은 Rise-time과 긴 침투주입구간 등의 장점으로 TAS 공법은 터널등에서 그 적용성이 기대된다.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.77-88
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• 2003

연구목적: 1985년 Taylor 등이 발표한 TAS는 감정표현불능증을 측정하는 도구로서 1992년 TAS-20으로 개정되어 여러 나라에서 신뢰도와 타당도가 검증되었다. 본 연구는 혼재되어 쓰이고 있는 세 가지 TAS 한국판 감정표현불능증 척도를 비교하여 가장 신뢰도와 타당도가 높은 척도를 통일하여 사용하고자 시도되었다. 첫 번째 척도는 1996년 이양현 등이 개발한 것{이후 TAS-20K(1996)}이다. 두 번째 척도는 위 연구에서 "어떤 문제를 묘사하기보다는 분석하는 편이다"라고 직역한 5번 항목의 결과가 예측치와 상반되어 '분석하다'라는 단어에 대한 우리나라와 서양의 문화적 견해 차이를 고려하여 5번 문항을 수정 제안한 것{이후 TAS-20K(2003)}으로서, 타당도와 신뢰도의 호전을 검증하지 않은 것이다. 세 번째 척도는 1997년 신현균과 원호택이 TAS-20을 번역한 것(이후 S-TAS)으로 20항목의 원래 항목 수를 23개로 수정 번역한 특성을 지니고 있다. 방 법: 의학과 학생 408명을 대상으로 세 가지 척도의 서로 다른 항목, 즉 TAS-20K(1996)의 20항목, TAS-20K(2003)의 수정 제안된 1항목, S-TAS의 23항목을 무작위로 배열하여 구성된 하나의 척도를 사용하여 검사를 시행하였다. 세 가지 척도의 신뢰도를 비교하기 위해 내적 일치도(Cronbach $\alpha$ coefficients)를 구하였고 타당도를 비교하기 위해 확증적 요인 분석(confirmatory factor analysis)을 실시하였다. 결 과: TAS-20K(2003)은 TAS-20K(1996)보다 내적 일치도가 호전되었다. TAS-20K(2003)과 S-TAS는 모두 원척도의 세 요인 구조를 재현하였고, 우수한 내적 일치도와 받아들일 만한 타당도를 보여 주었다. 그러나 S-TAS는 19번 항목이 요인 2와 상관성이 낮게 나타났고, 이전 연구에서와 같이 2번 항목과 요인 1간의 상관성이 재현되지 않아 본래 요인 2에 속한 19번 항목을 요인 1에도 포함시키는 것이 타당하지 않았다. 결 론: TAS-20K(2003)과 S-TAS는 모두 원본 TAS-20의 번역판으로서 우수한 타당도와 받아들일만한 신뢰도를 보였다. 그러나 TAS-20K(2003)은 원본과 동일한 항목 수와 구조, 동일한 점수 체계를 유지하고 있으며 TAS-20은 이미 15개 이상의 언어로 번역되어 있는 도구이나, S-TAS는 항목 수 및 점수 체계, 요인 구조를 원본 TAS-20과 다르게 변형시켜 국제적인 비교 연구를 위해서는 제한점이 있다고 하겠다. 따라서 향후 감정표현불능증의 국내 연구에서 TAS-20K(2003), 즉 TAS-20K를 사용하는 것이 더 적절할 것으로 제안한다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.19-22
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• 2015

Objective : Posttraumatic cerebral infarction (CI) is a well-known complication of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the causation and apportionment of trauma in patients with CI after TBI is not easy. There is a scoring method, so-called trauma apportionment score (TAS) for CI, consisted with the age, the interval, and the severity of the TBI. We evaluated the reliability of this score. Methods : We selected two typical cases of traumatic CI. We also selected consecutive 50 patients due to spontaneous CI. We calculated TAS in both patients with traumatic and spontaneous CI. To enhance the reliability, we revised TAS (rTAS) adding three more items, such as systemic illness, bad health habits, and doctor's opinion. We also calculated rTAS in the same patients. Results : Even in 50 patients with spontaneous CI, the TAS was 4 in 44 patients, and 5 in 6 patients. TAS could not assess the apportionment of trauma efficiently. We recalculated the rTAS in the same patients. The rTAS was not more than 11 in more than 70% of the spontaneous CI. Compared to TAS, rTAS definitely enhanced the discriminating ability. However, there were still significant overlapping areas. Conclusion : TAS alone is insufficient to differentiate the cause or apportionment of trauma in some obscure cases of CI. Although the rTAS may enhance the reliability, it also should be used with cautions.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.11-15
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• 2018

In this study, we proposed three analysis methods to calculate the flatness of torque-angle sensors (TAS). We introduced two statistical and one geometrical methods in evaluating the precision of the flat plane in the axis direction for TAS. To verified the results, we fabricated TAS and a reference sample using a injection molding machine, mold, polyester as a raw material. We measured ($x_i$, $y_i$) position using 3D contact automated system and applied three analysis methods developed for TAS and a reference sample to see the feasibility. While each analysis method has its own pros and cons, the analysis using the shortest optimal distance was the most precise technique for the flatness evaluation of TAS components.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권12호
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• pp.4269-4292
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• 2014

Currently, increasing numbers of access points (AP) are being deployed in enterprise offices, campuses and municipal downtowns for flexible Internet connectivity, but most of these access points are idle or redundant most of the time, which causes significant energy waste. Therefore, with respect to power conservation, applying energy efficient strategies in WIFI networks is strongly advocated. One feasible method is dynamically managing network resources, particularly APs, by powering devices on or off. However, when an AP is powered on, the device is initialized through a long boot time, during which period clients cannot be associated with it; therefore, the network performance would be greatly impacted. In this paper, based on a global view of an entire WLAN, we propose an AP selection technology, known as Temporary Access Selection (TAS). The criterion of TAS is a fusion metric consisting of two evaluation indexes which are based on throughput and battery life, respectively. TAS is both service and clients' preference specific through balancing the data rate, battery life and packet size. TAS also works well independently in traditional WLANs in which no energy efficient strategy is deployed. Moreover, this paper demonstrates the feasibility and performance of TAS through experiments and simulations with Network Simulator version 3 (NS3).

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.120-128
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• 2015

Quality function deployment (QFD) is a useful method in product design and development to maximize customer satisfaction. In the QFD, the technical attributes (TAs) affecting the product performance are identified, and product performance is improved to optimize customer requirements (CRs). For product development, determining the optimal levels of TAs is crucial during QFD optimization. Many optimization methods have been proposed to obtain the optimal levels of TAs in QFD. In these studies, the levels of TAs are assumed to be continuous while they are often taken as discrete in real world application. Another assumption in QFD optimization is that the requirements of the heterogeneous customers can be generalized and hence only one house of quality (HoQ) is used to connect with CRs. However, customers often have various requirements and preferences on a product. Therefore, a product market can be partitioned into several market segments, each of which contains a number of customers with homogeneous preferences. To overcome these problems, this paper proposes an optimization approach to find the optimal set of TAs under multi-segment market. Dynamic Programming (DP) methodology is developed to maximize the overall customer satisfaction for the market considering the weights of importance of different segments. Finally, a case study is provided for illustrating the proposed optimization approach.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.255-260
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• 2014

Objective : The purpose of this study was to compare the radiological and neurological outcomes between two atlantoaxial fusion method for atlantoaxial stabilization; C1 lateral mass-C2 pedicle screws (screw-rod constructs, SRC) versus C1-2 transarticular screws (TAS). Methods : Forty-one patients in whom atlantoaxial instability was treated with atlantoaxial fixation by SRC group (27 patients, from March 2005 to May 2011) or TAS group (14 patients, from May 2000 to December 2005) were retrospectively reviewed. Numeric rating scale (NRS) for pain assessment, Oswestry disability index (ODI), and Frankel grade were also checked for neurological outcome. In radiologic outcome assessment, proper screw position and fusion rate were checked. Perioperative parameters such as blood loss during operation, operation time, and radiation exposure time were also reviewed. Results : The improvement of NRS and ODI were not different between both groups significantly. Good to excellent response in Frankel grade is shown similarly in both groups. Proper screw position and fusion rate were also observed similarly between two groups. Total bleeding amount during operation is lesser in SRC group than TAS group, but not significantly (p=0.06). Operation time and X-ray exposure time were shorter in SRC group than in TAS group (all p<0.001). Conclusion : Both TAS and SRC could be selected as safe and effective treatment options for C1-2 instability. But the perioperative result, which is technical demanding and X-ray exposure might be expected better in SRC group compared to TAS group.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2003

This study was done to evaluate the antioxidant status of female college students by determining their intakes and plasma levels of antioxidnt vitamins (vitamin C, A and E) and total antioxidant status (TAS). Subjects were 46 healthy female college students aged 20 - 29 years. Body composition was determined by a multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. Dietary intakes were examined by 24hr record method and nutrients intakes were analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional analysis program for professional (CAN-pro). Plasma vitamin C level were measured by spectrophotometric method and retinol, ${\beta}$-carotene, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol were measured by HPLC. Plasma TAS was measured with a Randox kit using the trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) method. Daily energy and protein intakes of the female college students were 1670.5㎉ (83% of RDA) and 63.3g (115.1% of RDA), respectively. However their intakes of Ca and Fe were below 75% of RDA. Their intakes of vitamin A and C were 596.6 ${\mu}$ gRE (85.2% of RDA) and 71.0mg (101.4% of RDA), respectively. Plasma levels of vitamin C, retinol, ${\beta}$-carotene and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol were 14.7mg/L, 0.7mg/L, 0.2mg/L and 9.1mg/L, respectively which were within normal range. There was no subject with deficiency or marginal level in plasma vitamin A and C. However 1.6% of the subjects had below adequate level in vitamin E. Plasma TAS level was 1.2mmol/L. Correlation data showed that all plasma antioxidant vitamins were positively correlated with plasma TAS. Overall data indicate that the antioxidant status of female college students were pretty good. However it might be necessary to educate them to eat more fruits and vegetables for preventing many chronic diseases in a later life. (J Community Nutrition 5(1) : 13∼20, 2003)

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.412-416
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• 2011

단맛은 우리 몸에 열량을 공급하는 역할을 담당하는 중요함 감각으로 인지도가 개인마다 조금씩 다르다고 알려져 있으나, 이에 대한 분자수준의 연구는 아직 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 미각 장애에 미치는 유전적 요인에 대해 알아보고자 50명의 미각 환자 및 100명의 정상인을 대상으로 단맛 민감도 차이와 연관이 있는 TAS1R3 및 GNAT3 유전자의 다형성 간의 관련성을 알아보았다. TAS1R3 유전자 rs307355 및 rs35744813의 유전자형과 대립유전자의 빈도는 미각 장애 환자군과 대조군 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 두 다형성에 대한 일배체형을 분석한 결과, C-C 및 T-T의 두 종류만이 검출되었으며 환자군과 대조군 간의 일배체형 빈도 간에도 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. GNAT3 유전자에서는 rs7792845의 유전자형 빈도가 환자군과 대조군간에 유의적인 차이를 나타냈었으나, 대립유전자 빈도에서는 차이가 없었다. 이러한 연구결과는 단맛의 민감도 차이에 영향을 미치는 것으로 보고된 TAS1R3 및 GNAT3 유전자의 다형성에 대한 한국인 집단에서의 유전자형 빈도를 조사함으로써 집단유전학적 연구를 위한 기초자료를 제공하고 미각장애환자군과의 비교분석을 통해 TAS1R3 및 GNAT3 유전자의 다형성이 연관성이 있을 가능성이 있음을 제시해 줌으로써 향후 미각장애를 진단하기 위한 검사시 지표로 활용될 수 있으리라 생각된다. 위에 제시한 연구결과는 향후 추가적인 샘플링을 통해 보다 많은 환자군과 대조군에 대한 추가적인 연구가 수행되어야 할 것이다.