• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.1605-1614
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• 2022

The strains associated with foodborne Salmonella enterica Thompson outbreaks in Korea have not been identified. Therefore, we characterized S. Thompson strains isolated from chocolate cakes linked to foodborne outbreaks in Korea. A total of 56 strains were isolated from preserved cake products, products in the supply chain distribution, the manufacturer's apparatus, and egg white liquid products used for cream preparation. Subsequently, serological typing, pathogenic gene-targeted polymerase chain reaction (PCR), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and whole-genome multi-locus sequence typing (wgMLST) were performed to characterize these isolates. The antigen formula of all isolates was 7:k:1,5, namely Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Thompson. All 56 isolates harbored invA, his, hin, and stn, and were negative for sefA and spvC based on gene-targeted PCR analyses. Based on PFGE results, these isolates were classified into one group based on the same SP6X01.011 pattern with 100% similarity. We selected 19 strains based on the region and sample type, which were subjected to wgMLST. Although the examined strains showed 100% similarity, they were classified into seven clusters based on allelic differences. According to our findings, the cause of these outbreaks was chocolate cake manufactured with egg white liquid contaminated with the same Salmonella Thompson. Additionally, comparative analysis of wgMLST on domestic isolates of S. Thompson from the three outbreaks showed genetic similarities of over 99.6%. Based on the results, the PFGE and wgMLST combination can provide highly resolved phylogeny and reliable evidence during Salmonella outbreak investigations.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.351-355
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• 2023

The need for Advanced LOSA arises from the limitations and drawbacks of traditional LOSA. Amended LOSA aims to address some of the shortcomings of the original methodology and make it more effective and relevant to current aviation safety needs. Some of the key reasons for developing Advanced LOSA include Enhancing the scope, Improving data collection and analysis, Providing more targeted safety recommendations. First, Traditional LOSA mainly focuses on flight deck operations, but Advanced LOSA expands the scope to include other operational areas such as cabin operations, ground handling, and maintenance. Second, Advanced LOSA can build a Forecasting System that can predict the future through data collection and data analysis. Third, Advanced LOSA aims to provide more specific and targeted safety recommendations based on the Aviation data collection and Aviation data analysis. Overall, Advanced LOSA seeks to improve aviation safety by addressing the limitations of traditional LOSA and providing a more comprehensive and effective methodology for identifying and mitigating safety risks in aviation operations.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.93-117
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to develop the problem solving instruction facilitating novice learner to represent the problem. For the purpose, we mainly focused on three aspects of problem solving. First, learner should represent the targeted problem and its solutions for problem solving. Second, from crucial notions of cognitive load theory, learner's mental load should be optimized for problem representation. Third, for optimizing students' mental load, experts may support making their thinking more visible and mapping from their intuition to expert practice. We drew the design principles as follows. First, since providing worked examples for the targeted problem has been considered to minimize analogical errors as well as reduce cognitive load in problem representation at line of problem solving and instructional research, it is needed to elaborate the way of designing. The worked example alternatively corresponds to expert schema that consists of domain knowledge as well as strategies for expert-like problem representation and solution. Thus, it may help learner to represent what the problem is and how to solve it in problem space. Second, principle can be that expert should scaffold learner's self-explanations. Because the students are unable to elicit the rationale from worked example, the expert's triggering scaffold may be critical in that process. The unexplained and incomplete parts of the example should be completed not by expert's scaffold but by themselves. Critical portion of the expert's scaffold is to explain about how to apply and represent the given problem, since students' initial representations may be reached at superficial or passive pattern of example elaboration. Finally, learner's mental model on the designated problem domain should be externalized or visualized for one's reflection as well as expert's scaffolding activities. The visualization helps learner to identify one's partial or incorrect model. The correct model of learner could be constructed by expert's help.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.10a
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• pp.449-451
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• 2021

Cyber-attacks targeting endpoints have developed sophisticatedly into targeted and intelligent attacks, Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) targeting the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has increased accordingly. Machine learning-based Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) solutions combine and complement rule-based conventional security tools to effectively defend against APT attacks are gaining attention. However, universal EDR solutions have a high false positive rate, and needs high-level analysts to monitor and analyze a tremendous amount of alerts. Therefore, the process of optimizing machine learning-based EDR solutions that consider the characteristics and vulnerabilities of IIoT environment is essential. In this study, we analyze the flow and impact of IIoT targeted APT cases and compare the method of machine learning-based APT detection EDR solutions.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2014

Palliative care for cancer aims to relieve the discomfort and pain from the cancer itself and associated conditions. Gastrointestinal cancers originate from the tube like structure of gastrointestinal tract and cause complications such as obstruction, bleeding, adhesion, invasion, and perforation to adjacent organ. Recent advances in interventional endoscopy enables endoscopy physicians to do safe and effective care for gastrointestinal cancer patients. Endoscopic palliation includes stent, hemostasis, nutritional support and targeted drug delivery. Self expandable metallic stent is one of the most important modalities in gastrointestinal palliation. Through the endoscopy or over the wire pre-placed by endoscopy, stents restore the gastrointestinal luminal patency and relieve the obstructive condition. Endoscopic hemostasis is another important palliation in gastrointestinal cancer patients. Epinephrine injection, argon plasma coagulation and thermal cauterization are usual modalities for hemostasis. Histoacryl glue and fibrin glue are also available. Hemostatic nanopowder spray is newly reported effective in benign disease and is supposed to be effective also in cancer bleeding. Enteral feeding tubes including gastro- or jejunostomy and nosoduodenal tubes are placed by using endoscopic guidance. Enteral feeding tubes role as the route of easily absorbable or semi-digested nutrients and effectively maintain both patients calorie requirements and gut microenvironment. Photodynamic therapy is the one of the outstanding medical employments of photo-physics. Especially for superficial cancers in esophagus, photodynamic therapy is very useful in cancer removal and maintaining organ structure. In biliary neoplasm, photodynamic therapy is well known to be effective in cancer ablation and biliary ductal patency restoration. Targeted drug delivery is the lastest issue in palliative endoscopy. Debates and questions are still on the table. In this article, the role of endoscopic interventions in palliative care for the gastrointestinal tumors will be thoroughly reviewed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.234-234
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• 2022

Gene-editing is currently one of the most popular technologies in recent years. Development of the new crop using the gene editing have advantage of improved accuracy and efficiency compared with conventional breeding. Soybean (Glycine max L.) is one of the most important crops worldwide used as food and forage. We tried to establish a system for breeding improvement of soybean through gene-editing technology. For the gene-editing system of soybean, i) selection of efficiency gRNA of targeted gene, ii) efficient genetic transformation of the selected gRNA, iii) selection of trans-clean mutant is essential. First of all, we investigated the selection conditions of gRNA with high editing efficiency of targeted gene using isolated protoplast of soybean. Furthermore, we performed the Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of various soybean cultivars. We identified the tissue culture ability in 23 soybean cultivars for genetic transformation of soybean. The six cultivars with high tissue culture ability were selected and confirmed the transgenic plants in four cultivars. Finally, we established a speed-breeding system as a powerful tool for the fast selection of trans-clean mutants from transgenic plants. Our laboratory will provide the valuable system for improvement of soybean by the gene-editing technology.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.99-108
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• 2023

Purpose : This retrospective study aims to provide basic data for intervention to improve clinical outcomes and identify the characteristics of the rebound hyperthermia (RHG) and non-rebound hyperthermia (NRHG) groups by checking body temperature in patients with post-cardiac arrest syndrome. Method : The study involved 118 patients who completed target temperature management (TTM) in an acute-care unit. Data were analyzed for frequency, percentages, mean, standard deviation, median, and quartiles, and compared using the chi-squared test and Mann-Whitney U-test. Results : Rebound hyperthermia (RH) was observed in 74 (62.7%) patients, predominantly male (69.5%), with an average age of 64.54 ± 15.98, and a body mass index of 23.22 ± 4.75kg/m² (overweight). Hypertension (50%) was the most common co-morbidity, followed by diabetes and heart disease (33.1%). Neuron-specific enolase levels were higher in the NRHG 24, 48, and 72 hours after recovery of spontaneous circulation (p = .037, p < .001, p = .008). The APHCHE IV was also higher in the NRHG (p < .001). RH occurred 25.49 (7.28-52.96) hours after TTM completion, lasting for 2 (1-3) hours. Temperature reduction strategies included notifying doctors, administering antipyretics, and nursing intervention, with the latter being the most common at 94.6%. Half of the subjects in the RHG and 77.3% in the NRHG fell into cerebral performance categories 3, 4, and 5 (p = .003). Conclusion : RH is more likely a body mechanism related to CPR and TTM than a result of pathogenic infection. Therefore, we require an active intervention for hyperthermia, and a patient-specific nursing intervention protocol.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.574-589
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• 2023

Radiopharmaceuticals targeting prostate-specific membrane antigens (PSMA) are essential for the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of prostate cancer (PCa), particularly metastatic castration-resistant PCa, for which conventional treatment is ineffective. These molecular probes include [⁶⁸Ga]PSMA, [¹⁸F]PSMA, [Al¹⁸F]PSMA, [^99mTc]PSMA, and [⁸⁹Zr]PSMA, which are widely used for diagnosis, and [¹⁷⁷Lu]PSMA and [²²⁵Ac]PSMA, which are used for treatment. There are also new types of radiopharmaceuticals. Due to the differentiation and heterogeneity of tumor cells, a subtype of PCa with an extremely poor prognosis, referred to as neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), has emerged, and its diagnosis and treatment present great challenges. To improve the detection rate of NEPC and prolong patient survival, many researchers have investigated the use of relevant radiopharmaceuticals as targeted molecular probes for the detection and treatment of NEPC lesions, including DOTA-TOC and DOTA-TATE for somatostatin receptors, 4A06 for CUB domain-containing protein 1, and FDG. This review focused on the specific molecular targets and various radionuclides that have been developed for PCa in recent years, including those mentioned above and several others, and aimed to provide valuable up-to-date information and research ideas for future studies.

• Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.80-91
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• 2024

Backgrounds/Aims: Optimal intravenous fluid management during the perioperative period for patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) within the framework of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is unclear. Studies have indicated that excessive total body salt and water can contribute to the development of oedema, leading to increased morbidity and extended hospital stays. This study aimed to assess the effects of an intravenous therapy regimen during postoperative day (POD) 0 to 2 in PD patients within ERAS. Methods: A retrospective interventional cohort study was conducted, and it involved all PD patients before and after implementation of ERAS (2009-2017). In the ERAS group, a targeted maintenance fluid regimen of 20 mL/kg/day with a sodium requirement of 0.5 mmoL/kg/day was administered. Outcome measures included the mmol of sodium and chloride administered, length of stay, and morbidity (postoperative pancreatic fistula, POPF; acute kidney injury, AKI; ileus). Results: The study included 169 patients, with a mean age of 64 ± 11.3 years. Following implementation of the intravenous fluid therapy protocol, there was a significant reduction in chloride and sodium loading. However, in the multivariable analysis, chloride administered (mmoL/kg) did not independently influence the length of stay; or rates of POPF, ileus, or AKI (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The findings suggested that a postoperative intravenous fluid therapy regimen did not significantly impact morbidity. Notably, there was a trend towards reduced length of stay within an increasingly comorbid patient cohort. This targeted fluid regimen appears to be safe for PD patients within the ERAS program. Further prospective research is needed to explore this area.

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.202-217
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• 2024

Structural vaccinology is pivotal in expediting vaccine design through high-throughput screening of immunogenic antigens. Leveraging the structural and functional characteristics of antigens and immune cell receptors, this approach employs protein structural comparison to identify conserved patterns in key pathogenic components. Molecular modeling techniques, including homology modeling and molecular docking, analyze specific three-dimensional (3D) structures and protein interactions and offer valuable insights into the 3D interactions and binding affinity between vaccine candidates and target proteins. In this review, we delve into the utilization of various immunoinformatics and molecular modeling tools to streamline the development of broad-protective vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 variants. Structural vaccinology significantly enhances our understanding of molecular interactions between hosts and pathogens. By accelerating the pace of developing effective and targeted vaccines, particularly against the rapidly mutating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and other prevalent infectious diseases, this approach stands at the forefront of advancing immunization strategies. The combination of computational techniques and structural insights not only facilitates the identification of potential vaccine candidates but also contributes to the rational design of vaccines, fostering a more efficient and targeted approach to combatting infectious diseases.