• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.337-343
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• 2016

Background: Recent developments in surgical techniques and hospital care have led to improved outcomes following total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) repair. However, the surgical repair of TAPVR remains associated with a high risk of mortality and need for reoperation. We conducted this retrospective study to evaluate mid-term outcomes following in situ TAPVR repair without total circulatory arrest (TCA), and to identify the risk factors associated with surgical outcomes. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 29 cases of surgical intervention for TAPVR conducted between April 2000 and July 2015. All patients were newborns or infants who underwent in situ TAPVR repair without TCA. Results: Four anatomic subtypes of TAPVR were included in this study: supracardiac (20 cases, 69.0%), cardiac (4 cases, 13.8%), infracardiac (4 cases, 13.8%), and mixed (1 case, 3.4%). The median follow-up period for all patients was 42.9 months. Two (6.9%) early mortalities occurred, as well as 2 (6.9%) cases of postoperative pulmonary venous obstruction (PVO). Preoperative ventilator care (p=0.027) and preoperative PVO (p=0.002) were found to be independent risk factors for mortality. Conclusion: In situ repair of TAPVR without TCA was associated with encouraging mid-term outcomes. Preoperative ventilator care and preoperative PVO were found to be independent risk factors for mortality associated with TAPVR repair.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제24권9호
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• pp.930-944
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• 1991

Infants born with TAPVR have a generally unfavorable prognosis, only a bout 20% surviving first year of life. In fact only about 50% survive beyond the age of 3 months, death occurring in the first few weeks or months of life. In 1991, we experienced 1 case of TAPVR of cardiac type in infant[2 months old age, W; 3.4kg] Repair was performed under the deep hypothermia with CPB, and continuous low-perfusion technique. The septum between enlarged coronary sinus opening and left atrium was carefully excised. A patch of pericardium was then sutured around the coronary sinus and ASD, so that the blood from the pulmonary veins and the coronary sinus was diverted in the left atrium. The postoperative course was uneventful except pneumothorax. The patient has been doing well on 6 months follow-up.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.213-218
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• 1996

Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is very rare congenital heart disease. 25-year old male was admitted our hospital with dyspnea, headache and syncope as chief complaint. He was confirmed as mixed type TAPVR by echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. In this case, mixed type TAPVR was consisted with supracardiac type connection of left pulmonary vein and cardiac type of right pulmonary vein. Supracardiac type of left pulmonary common channel was anastomosed to the left auricular appendage during total cardiopulmonary bypass with fibrillating heart. Cardiac type of right pulmonary vein was operated during moderate hypothermia and aortic cross clamping. Coronary sinus septum was incised into ASD and closed with Gore-Tex patch so that right pulmonary blood flow directed to the left atrium. The patient's post-operative course was uneventful.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.347-353
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• 2006

배경: 전 폐정맥 환류 이상의 치료성적은 과거에 비해 많이 향상되었으나, 폐정맥 협착은 아직까지 수술 후에 발생하는 심각한 합병증으로 남아있다. 폐정맥 협착의 발생을 감소시키기 위하여 본원에서는 좋은 시야 확보, 적절한 배치, 충분한 개구부의 크기가 중요하다고 생각하고 이러한 원칙하에서 시행한 본원의 경험을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1995년 1월부터 2005년 2월까지 전 폐정맥 환류 이상으로 진단 받고, 양심실 교정이 가능한 환자 74명을 대상으로 하였다. 상 심장형이 41명(55.4%)으로 가장 많았다. 평균 심폐기 가동시간은 $92.1{\pm}25.9$분, 대동맥 차단 시간은 $39.1{\pm}10.6$분이었고, 순환 정지를 시행한 환자는 30명(40.5%)이었고 평균 시간은 $30.2{\pm}10.7$분이었다. 평균 추적관찰기간은 $41.4{\pm}29.1$개월이었고, 모든 환자에서 추적관찰이 가능하였다. 결과: 수술 당시 나이의 중간값은 28.5일($0{\sim}478$일), 체중은 3.4 kg $(1.4{\sim}9kg)$이었다. 조기사망은 3명(4.1%)이었고, 원인은 폐동맥 고혈압, 패혈증, 돌연사(sudden death)가 각각 1명씩 있었다. 수술 후 폐정맥 폐쇄는 2명(2.7%)으로 조기가 1명, 만기가 1명이었다. 모두 관상 정맥동으로 연결되는 심장형 전폐정맥 환류 이상을 가진 환자들이었고, 심장외부에서 공통 폐정맥과 좌심방의 후벽을 연결하는 재수술을 시행 받았지만 그 중 한 명은 지속적인 폐정맥 협착으로 사망하였다. 5년 생존율과 5년간 폐정맥 협착을 피할 확률은 각각 $94.5{\pm}2.7%$와 $97.2{\pm}2.0%$였다. 결론: 본원에서 시행한 양심실 교정이 가능한 전 폐정맥 환류 이상 환자의 수술에서 심장외부에서 좌심방의 후벽과 공통 폐정맥을 연결한 환자들에서는 폐정맥의 협착이 발생하지 않았다. 따라서 본원에서 가지고 있는 원칙이 폐정맥 협착을 예방하는 데 효과적인 방법이라고 생각된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제40권8호
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• pp.569-573
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• 2007

기능성 단 심실, 폐동맥 폐쇄, 주 대동맥-폐동맥 측부 혈관, 총폐정맥 환류 이상이 동반된 우심방 이성체의 진단을 받은 여아가 청색증의 악화로 생후 3개월째 좌측 주 대동맥-폐동맥 측부 혈관 단일화 수술 및 좌측 변형 Blalock-Taussig 단락술을 시행하였다. 수술 후 흉부 x-ray 상 폐정맥 울혈의 소견을 보여 시행한 심장 초음파 검사 상 폐정맥 협착이 발견되어 총폐정맥 환류 이상에 대한 무 봉합 술식 및 우측 주 대동맥-폐동맥 측부 혈관에 대한 단일화 수술을 같이 시행하였다. 수술 후 저산소증으로 인한 심폐기 이탈 실패로 8일간 체외 막형 산화기로 보조하였으며, 전신-폐 단락술을 추가하면서 체외 막형 산화기를 이탈할 수 있었다. 환아는 장기간의 기관 삽관으로 유발된 기관 협착으로 기관지 절개를 한 상태에서 1차 수술 후 104일째 퇴원하였고, 산소 투여 없이 산소 포화도 80% 정도로 유지하면서 2개월째 외래 관찰 중이다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.123-128
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• 1978

This 18 year old girl with total anomalous venous connection, which was corrected surgically for the first time in Korea, is presented here. This patient has mild cyanosis, ejection systolic murmur with splitting of $S_2$ ,identical $O_2$ saturation of bleed samples from right and left chambers of the heart. The type was supracardiac TAPVC. On conventional cardiopulmonary by pass was used, and an right sided approach was employed. Post-op. course was smooth except for transient arrhythmia, low blood pressure and jaundice. She left hospital in a good general conditions.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.381-387
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• 1981

Fourteen Infants with congenital cardiac anomalies underwent primary surgical Intervention within the first 12 months of life. There were eight patients with ventricular septal defect, two with total anomalous pulmonary venous return [TAPVR], and the remainders with tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great arteries [d-TGA], Taussing-Bing malformation, and coronary A-V fistula. The age of the patients ranged from 5 to 12 months, with a mean age of 9.9 months. The mean weight was 6.7 Kg [3.8 to 9.5 KS]. Congestive heart failure persisting despite intensive medical treatment was present In 8 patients [56%], and was the most common indication for operation. Early operation was necessary in 5 of these patients [35%], because of failure to thrive and recurrent pulmonary infection. In one patient with TOF, frequent hypoxic spell prompted the necessity for early operation. In cases of VSD, TAP. VR, TOF, and coronary A-V fistula, Intracardiac repair was done with conventional cardiopulmonary bypass, chemical cold cardioplegia, and topical myocardial cooling. Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest with surface induced cooling, followed by core cooling and core rewarming, was employed .for better exposure in the cases of d-TGA and Taussing-Bing malformation. The results were however, not satisfactory. The overall mortality was 28 per cent. There were no deaths in the eight patients with VSD. The one with coronary A-V fistula survived. The other 5 cases all expired either on the table or immediately after operation. The non-fatal post-operative complications included low cardiac output, respiratory insufficiency, bleeding, and temporary A-V block. The causes of death were prolonged circulatory arrest time in d-TGA, complete A-V block and low cardiac output in TOF and Taussing-Bing malformation and prolonged bypass time and Inadequate correction in TAPVR.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.388-398
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• 1981

Fourteen Infants with congenital cardiac anomalies underwent primary surgical Intervention within the first 12 months of life. There were eight patients with ventricular septal defect, two with total anomalous pulmonary venous return [TAPVR], and the remainders with tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great arteries [d-TGA], Taussing-Bing malformation, and coronary A-V fistula. The age of the patients ranged from 5 to 12 months, with a mean age of 9.9 months. The mean weight was 6.7 Kg [3.8 to 9.5 KS]. Congestive heart failure persisting despite intensive medical treatment was present In 8 patients [56%], and was the most common indication for operation. Early operation was necessary in 5 of these patients [35%], because of failure to thrive and recurrent pulmonary infection. In one patient with TOF, frequent hypoxic spell prompted the necessity for early operation. In cases of VSD, TAP. VR, TOF, and coronary A-V fistula, Intracardiac repair was done with conventional cardiopulmonary bypass, chemical cold cardioplegia, and topical myocardial cooling. Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest with surface induced cooling, followed by core cooling and core rewarming, was employed .for better exposure in the cases of d-TGA and Taussing-Bing malformation. The results were however, not satisfactory. The overall mortality was 28 per cent. There were no deaths in the eight patients with VSD. The one with coronary A-V fistula survived. The other 5 cases all expired either on the table or immediately after operation. The non-fatal post-operative complications included low cardiac output, respiratory insufficiency, bleeding, and temporary A-V block. The causes of death were prolonged circulatory arrest time in d-TGA, complete A-V block and low cardiac output in TOF and Taussing-Bing malformation and prolonged bypass time and Inadequate correction in TAPVR.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.260-265
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• 1993

Twelve patients underwent surgical correction of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection[TAPVC] between Sep. 1989 and May 1993. There were 9 boys and 3 girls whose ages ranged from 10 days to 17 month [median 1.2 month]. Six patients were less than 1 month of age at operation. The anomalous drainage was supracardiac in 6, cardiac in 2, infracardiac in 2, and mixed in 2. There were 3 early death, and its mortality rate was 25%. There were no operative mortality after Sep. 1991. Age at operation, presence of preoperative pulmonary venous obstruction, preoperative assisted ventilation and type of anomaly did not affect early mortality. Late pulmonary venous obstruction was developed in 4 patients between 1 month to 4 month after operation. Among these patients, 2 were died and one was reoperated and well, and the other one was not operated because of patient`s refusal. We conclude that late pulmonary venous obstruction is fatal and its early detection and correction is important for improving late survival.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.24-35
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• 1985

Between January 1980 and July 1984, 321 cases of open heart surgery for infants or small children under 10Kg of body weight were performed, which occupied the great part of total open heart surgery done in the same period. The mean age was 16.58.7 months [ranging from 2 days to 51 months], and the mean body weight was 7.8a1.8Kg [from 2.8 to 10Kg] which was below the third percentile compared with the mean age. The technique of deep hypothermia with total circulatory arrest, which contributed to great improvement in operative condition, was used increasingly and widespreadly in this period. For each anomaly, the number of patients and operative deaths were as follows: VSD, 11 of 184 [6.0%]; TOF, 8 of 47 [17.8%]; TGA, 13 of 30 [43.3%]; ASD, none of 9; TAPVR, 1 of 8 [12.7%]; C-ECD, 3 of 6 [50%]; Tricuspid Atresia, 4 of 5 [80%]; Pulmonary Atresia, 2 of 4 [50%]; Congenital Mitral Anomaly, 1 of 3 [33.3%]; P-ECD, none of 3