• BMB Reports
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2011

TGF-$\beta$ activated kinase-1 (TAK1) plays a pivotal role in developmental processes in many species. Previous research has mainly focused on the function of TAK1 in model organisms, and little is known about the function of TAK1 in hymenoptera insects. Here, we isolated and characterized the TAK1 gene from Apis cerana cerana. Promoter analysis of AccTAK1 revealed the presence of transcription factor binding sites related to early development. Real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry experiments revealed that AccTAK1 was expressed at high levels in fourth instar larvae, primarily in the abdomen, in the intestinal wall cells of the midgut and in the secretory cells of the salivary glands. In addition, AccTAK1 expression in fourth instar larvae could be dramatically induced by treatment with pesticides and organic solvents. These observations suggest that AccTAK1 may be involved in the regulation of early development in the larval salivary gland and midgut.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.315-320
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• 2013

Background: TGF-${\beta}$-activated kinase-1 (TAK1) has been found to be over-expressed in a variety of solid malignancies and related to tumor growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression level of TAK1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and assess its value as a novel prognostic marker. Methods: TAK1 mRNA was assessed in 51 paired ccRCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues (ADTs) by real-time PCR. Tissue TAK1 protein was also assessed in 91 ADTs and 177 samples of ccRCC immunohistochemically for evaluation of relationships with clinical characteristics. Results: RT-PCR showed that TAK1 RNA level was significantly higher in ccRCC tissues than in the paired ADTs and immunohistochemistry confirmed higher expression of TAK1 protein in ccRCC samples compared with ADTs. TAK1 protein expression in 177 ccRCC samples was significantly correlated with T stage, N classification, metastasis, recurrence and Fuhrman grade, but not age and gender. Patients with low TAK1 levels had a better survival outcome. TAK1 expression and N stage were independent prognosis factors for the overall survival of ccRCC patients. Conclusions: Overexpression of TAK1 predicts a poor prognosis in patients with ccRCC, so that TAK1 may serve as a novel prognostic marker.

• BMB Reports
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.371-376
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• 2002

The receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily. It plays a critical role in osteoclast differentiaion, lymph node organogenesis, and mammary gland development. The stimulation of RANK causes the activation of transcription factors NF-${\kappa}B$ and activator protein 1 (AP1), and the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). In the signal transduction of RANK, the recruitment of the adaptor molecules, TNF receptor-associated factors (TRAFs), is and initial cytoplasmic event. Recently, the association of the MAPK kinase kinase, transforming growth factor-$\beta$-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), with TRAF6 was shown to mediate the IL-1 signaling to NF-${\kappa}B$ and JNK. We investigated whether or not TAK1 plays a role in RANK signaling. A dominant-negative form of TAK1 was discovered to abolish the RANK-induced activation of AP1 and JNK. The AP1 activation by TRAF2, TRAF5, and TRAF6 was also greatly suppressed by the dominant-negative TAK1. the inhibitory effect of the TAK1 mutant on RANK-and TRAF-induced NF-${\kappa}B$ activation was also observed, but less efficiently. Our findings indicate that TAK1 is involved in the MAPK cascade and NF-${\kappa}B$ pathway that is activated by RANK.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2010

Low Back Pain Prescriptions of Jin, sa tak are peculiar to using Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma(AMR). All low back pain prescriptions which are enlisted in Byunjeunggimoon, Byunjeungrok and Byunjeungokham include AMR. Whereas low back pain prescriptions which is enlisted in Seoksilbirok are 7 of 10. Preexistence of low back pain prescriptions are not necessarily used AMR. But Jin, sa tak who lived at Ming and Ching era presented AMR in low back pain treatment. AMR is able to get rid of dampness between the kidney functional area and umbilicus. The results are as follows : It is made much of the malicious dampness which is in the kidney. There are not used cold but warm and eliminating dampness herbs to invigorate kidney. It shows that Jin, sa tak who was a Taoist used invigorating and warming kidney herbs. Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma is mainly used in treating low back pain from Jin, sa tak. Jin, sa tak shows concrete prognosis to treat a disease.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2005년도 춘계 국제심포지엄 및 학술대회
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• pp.85-90
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• 2005

Diesel exhaust Particles (DEPs) are known to induce allergic responses in airway epithelial cells, such as the production of various cytokines via nuclear factor-kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$). However. the intracellular signal transduction pathways underlying this phenomenon have not been fully examined. This study showed that DEP induced $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity via transforming growth factor-${\beta}$ activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and $NF-{\kappa}B$-inducing kinase (NIK) in L2 rat lung epithelial cells. DEP induced the $NF-{\kappa}B$ dependent reporter activity approximately two-to three-fold in L2 cells. However, this effect was abolished by the expression of the dominant negative forms of TAK1 or NIK. Furthermore, it was shown that DEP induced TAK1 phosphorylation in the L2 cells. These results suggest that TAK1 and NIK are important mediators of DEP-induced $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.443-452
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• 2024

아가로오스의 효소가수분해산물로 부터 확보할 수 있는 3,6-무수갈락토오스(L-AHG), 네오아가로비오스(NA2), 네오아가로테트라오스(NA4) 및 네오아가로헥사오즈(NA6)의 항염증 활성을 규명하고자, 마우스 대식세포주 RAW264.7 세포를 대장균 유래 지질다당류(LPS)로 자극할 때 세포표면의 TLR4 수용체의 역할을 통해 유도되는 친염증성 M1 분극화 및 이에 따른 친염증성 반응에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 그 결과로서, 이들 아가로오스 분해산물들 중에서 단당류인 L-AHG만이 유일하게, LPS 자극에 의해 RAW264.7 세포에서 유도될 수 있는 M1 분극화의 대표적인 마커인 iNOS 효소의 발현과 이에 따른 NO 생성을 농도의존적으로 현저하게 저해하였고 염증 매개체인 프로스타글란딘 E2의 생성을 촉매하는 COX-2의 발현 수준도 LPS 자극후에는 증가하였지만, L-AHG의 존재에 의해서는 그 증가 수치가 다소 저해되는 것으로 나타났다. 이때 RAW264.7 세포에 대한 L-AHG의 세포독성은 확인되지 않았다. 또한 L-AHG는 LPS로 처리된 RAW264.7 세포내에서 유도되는 친염증 신호전달경로에 있어서 초기 신호전달 단계인 TAK1 활성화 단계까지는 별 영향을 나타내지 않았으나 TAK1의 촉매작용에 의한 JNK 및 p38 MAPK의 활성화 인산화(activating phosphorylation)는 현저하게 저해되었다. 특히, 대식세포의 친염증 신호전달경로에서 TAK1 활성화는, 그 하류 단계에서 NF-kB의 활성화가 성공적으로 일어날 수 있도록 해주며, 또한 TAK1에 의한 하류 신호분자인 p38 MAPK 활성화는 NADPH 활성화 및 이에 따른 친염증성 ROS 분자들의 생성을 유발하기 때문에, LPS에 의해 자극된 대식세포내의 친염증 신호전달경로에 있어서 TAK1-JNK/p38 MAPK 경로의 L-AHG에 의한 저해는 대식세포의 M1 분극화 및 친염증 반응을 억제하는 효과적인 기전이 되며, 그 활용성이 크게 기대된다. 아울러 L-AHG가 LPS와 RAW264.7 세포의 표면분자인 TLR4와 상호작용을 방해할 수 있는지에 대해서도 유세포분석기와 형광표지가 된 FITC-LPS를 이용하여 조사한 결과, L-AHG는 대식세포의 표면에서 이루어지는 LPS-TLR4 상호결합은 방해하지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. 이는 L-AHG의 항염증 작용의 표적이 LPS가 TLR4 수용체를 통해 유도하는 세포 내 신호전달경로에 있음을 지지해 준다. 이상의 연구결과들은 아가로오스 유래 희귀 단당류인 3,6-무수갈락토오스(L-AHG)가 LPS 자극에 의해 유발되는 RAW264.7 마우스 대식세포의 M1 분극화 및 염증 반응에 대해, TLR4의 친염증 신호전달경로의 TAK1-JNK/p38 MAPK 단계를 저해하는 항염증 활성을 효과적으로 발휘할 수 있음을 시사한다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.469-478
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• 2022

WNT signaling plays an important role in cardiac development, but abnormal activity is often associated with cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, remodeling, and heart failure. The effect of WNT signaling on regulation of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Wnt agonist 1 (Wnta1) on ANP secretion and mechanical dynamics in beating rat atria. Wnta1 treatment significantly increased atrial ANP secretion and pulse pressure; these effects were blocked by U73122, an antagonist of phospholipase C. U73122 also abolished the effects of Wnta1-mediated upregulation of protein kinase C (PKC) β and γ expression, and the PKC antagonist Go 6983 eliminated Wnta1-induced secretion of ANP. In addition, Wnta1 upregulated levels of phospho-transforming growth factor-β activated kinase 1 (p-TAK1), TAK1 banding 1 (TAB1) and phospho-activating transcription factor 2 (p-ATF2); these effects were blocked by both U73122 and Go 6983. Wnta1-induced ATF2 was abrogated by inhibition of TAK1. Furthermore, Wnta1 upregulated the expression of T cell factor (TCF) 3, TCF4, and lymphoid enhancer factor 1 (LEF1), and these effects were blocked by U73122 and Go 6983. Tak1 inhibition abolished the Wnta1-induced expression of TCF3, TCF4, and LEF1 and Wnta1-mediated ANP secretion and changes in mechanical dynamics. These results suggest that Wnta1 increased the secretion of ANP and mechanical dynamics in beating rat atria by activation of PKC-TAK1-ATF2-TCF3/LEF1 and TCF4/LEF1 signaling mainly via the WNT/Ca²⁺ pathway. It is also suggested that WNT-ANP signaling is implicated in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.573-580
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• 2016

Caspases, a family of cysteine proteases, cleave substrates and play significant roles in apoptosis, autophagy, and development. Recently, our group identified 72 genes that interact with Death Caspase-1 (DCP-1) proteins in Drosophila by genetic screening of 15,000 EP lines. However, the cellular functions and molecular mechanisms of the screened genes, such as their involvement in apoptosis and autophagy, are poorly understood in mammalian cells. In order to study the functional characterizations of the genes in human cells, we investigated 16 full-length human genes in mammalian expression vectors and tested their effects on apoptosis and autophagy in human cell lines. Our studies revealed that ALFY, BIRC4, and TAK1 induced autophagy, while SEC61A2, N-PAC, BIRC4, WIPI1, and FALZ increased apoptotic cell death. BIRC4 was involved in both autophagy and apoptosis. Western blot analysis and luciferase reporter activity indicated that ALFY, BIRC4, PDGFA, and TAK1 act in a p53-dependent manner, whereas CPSF1, SEC61A2, N-PAC, and WIPI1 appear to be p53-independent. Overexpression of BIRC4 and TAK1 caused upregulation of p53 and accumulation of its target proteins as well as an increase in p53 mRNA levels, suggesting that these genes are involved in p53 transcription and expression of its target genes followed by p53 protein accumulation. In conclusion, apoptosis and/or autophagy mediated by BIRC4 and TAK1 may be regulated by p53 and caspase activity. These novel findings may provide valuable information that will aid in a better understanding of the roles of caspase-related genes in human cell lines and be useful for the process of drug discovery.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1-1
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• 1991

• 건축사
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• 12호통권50호
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• pp.31-35
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• 1972