• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.2675-2679
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• 2009

This paper reports the example of headspace mulberry paper bag micro solid phase extraction (HS-MPB-$\mu$-SPE) as a new sampling method for the determination of volatile flavor composition of coriander seeds. Adsorption efficiencies between two configurations of mulberry paper bag were compared, and several parameters affecting the HS-MPB-$\mu$-SPE were investigated and optimized. The optimized technique uses an adsorbent (Tenax TA, 0.1 mg) contained in a mulberry paper bag of front configuration where fine surface was outside, and minimal amount of organic solvent (0.6 mL). Linalool and $\gamma$-terpinene were found as abundant flavor compounds from coriander seeds. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) for linalool of major flavor in coriander seeds were 10.3 ng/mL and 34.4 ng/mL, respectively. The proposed method showed good reproducibility and good recovery. The HS-MPB-$\mu$-SPE is very simple to use, inexpensive, requires small sample amounts and solvent consumption. Because the solvent for extraction is reduced to only a very small volume, there is minimal waste or exposure to toxic organic solvent and no further concentration step.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.515-524
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• 1996

The flow characteristics of developing unsteady laminar flow in a square-sectional $180^{\circ}$ curved duct are experimentally investigated by using laser doppler velocimerty (LDV) system with data acquisition and processing system of rotating machinery resolver(RMR) and PHASE software. The major flow characteristics of developing laminar pulsating flows are presented by mean velocity profilel velocity distribution of secondary flow, wall shear stress distributions, entrance lengths according to dimensionless angular frequency($\omega^+$), velocity amplitude ratio($A^1$), and time-averaged Dean number($De_ta$). The velocity profiles and wall shear stress distribution of laminar pulsating flow with dimensionlessangular frequency show the flow characteristics of the quasi-steady laminar flow in a curved duct. The developing region of laminar pulsatile flows in a square-sectional $180^{\circ}$ curved duct is extended to the curved duct angle of approximately $120^{\circ}$ under the present experimental condition.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.286-294
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• 2001

I researched clinically one patient with Hypothyroidism who was hospitalized in DongShin Univ Shunchun Oriental Hosp. from the 4th, November, 2000 to the 13th, December, 2000. The results were obtained as follows. 1. Hypothyroidism corresponds to edema of instep (浮腫), consumption (虛勞), infantile retardation of walking (行遲), retardation in speech (語遲), inactivity of Yang-Qi(결양증). It is caused to deficiency of both Qi and blood (氣血兩虛), insufficiency of Yang of the spleen and kidneys (脾腎陽虛), decline of the fire from the vital gate (命門火衰), deficiency of yang of the heart and kidneys (心腎陽虛) 2. In internal medication, it was thought that Yi qi bu xue tang(益氣補血湯). Shao yin ren Bu zhong yi qi tang(少陰人補中益氣湯), Jia wei ta bu tang (加味大補湯) were effective. 3. In acupunture therapy, zu san li(足三里), san yin jiao(三陰交), Ren ying (人迎), Fu tu (扶突), Tian tu(天突) were used frequently and in moxibustion therapy. qi hai(氣海), zhong wan(中脘). Guan yun(關元) were used for Hypothyroidism.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.8 no.3A
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• pp.231-237
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• 1999

$SrBi_{22.4}Ta_2O_9$ (SBT) thin films of 70~150 nm thickness were prepared on platinized silicon substrates by Liquid Source Misted Chemical Deposition (LSMCD) process, and their microstructure, feroelectric and leakage current characteristics were investigated. By annealing at $800^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour in oxygen ambient, SBT films were fully crystallized to the Bi layered perovskite structure without preferred orientation. The grain size of the LSMCD- derived SBT films was about 100nm, and was not varied with the film thickness. $2P_r$ and $E_c$ of the SBT films increased with decreasing the film thickness, and the 70nm-thick SBT film exhibited $2P_r$ of 17.8 $\mu$C/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and $E_c$ of 74kV/cm at applied voltage of 5V. Within the film thickness range of 70~150nm, the relative dielectric permittivity of the LSMCD-derived SBT film decreased with decreasing the film thickness. Leakage current densities lower than $10^{-7}\textrm{A/cm}^2$ at 5V were observed in the SBT films thicker than 125nm.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.572-577
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• 2006

The physiochemical interactions of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and adsorbing agents can be described using a very powerful tool, inverse gas chromatography (IGC). Sorption behavior of 1-MCP on various adsorbing agents was assessed using the profile peaks of 1-MCP at an infinite dilution concentration using the IGC technique. Chromatogram peaks of 1-MCP adsorption were not observed for the adsorbing agent activated carbon. The forms of sorption isotherms followed Henry's law, and behaved according to the binding site theory. Specific retention volume and distribution coefficients for 1-MCP on the adsorbing agents were determined at 50, 60, 70, and $80^{\circ}C$, respectively. Silica gel had a much higher number of binding sites for 1-MCP compared to Tenax-TA and activated clay agents. Meanwhile, activated carbon proved to be a very strong binding agent for 1-MCP based on 1-MCP efficiency experiments on the selected adsorbing agents. However, as a proper means of delivering 1-MCP molecules to fresh food products, activated carbon is not fit for the binding and release of 1-MCP gas under dry or high humidity conditions because activated carbon has a strong affinity for 1-MCP, even when treated with distilled water.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.149-155
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• 2009

The thermal decomposition behavior and degradation characteristics off our different thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers (TLCPs) were studied. The thermal decomposition behavior was determined by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at different heating rates in nitrogen and air. The order of the thermal stability was as follows: multi-aromatic polyester > hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA)/hydroxynaphthoic acid (HNA) copolyester > HNA/hydroxyl acetaniline (HAA)/terephthalic acid (TA) copolyester > HBA/Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) copolyester. The activation energies of the thermal degradation were calculated by four multiple heating rate methods: Flynn-Wall, Friedman, Kissinger, and Kim-Park. The Flynn-Wall and Kim-Park methods were the most suitable methods to calculate the activation energy. Samples were exposed to an accelerated degradation test (ADT), under fixed conditions of heat ($63{\pm}3^{\circ}C$), humidity ($30{\pm}4%$) and Xenon arc radiation ($1.10\;W/m^2$), and the changes in surface morphology and color difference with time were determined. The TLCPs decomposed, discolored and cracked upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.823-832
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• 2021

In Vietnam, tax compliance has become an important goal in the tax reform strategy. In the context of technology 4.0, the application of the electronic tax system is of great significance to small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The paper explores factors influencing electronic tax compliance of SMEs in Vietnam. Data from 402 SMEs, who are business taxpayers, was selected through a researcher-designed questionnaire survey method. The results indicate that four groups of factors have significant effects on electronic tax compliance among Vietnamese SMEs. These groups include Taxpayer Awareness (TA), Perceived Ease of use (PTE), Vietnamese tax administration (VTA,) and Efficiency of Vietnamese tax policy (VTP). The factor analysis was adopted; Cronbach's alpha coefficients were calculated, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used. The findings found that among these four groups, the most influencing factor is taxpayer awareness. It is suggested that the Vietnamese government should pay attention to promote and support SMEs to raise full awareness of tax obligations. This could be done through various methods such as conducting workshops for updating tax policies and short courses to business taxpayers of electronic tax compliance. The study is expected to provide some important implications for policy-makers and practitioners in tax policy reform in Vietnam.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.378-383
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• 2021

Conjoined twins are rare, and each set of conjoined twins has a unique conjoined anatomy. It is necessary to perform separation to increase the chance of patient survival. Tissue expansion is an advanced technique for providing sufficient soft tissue and skin for wound closure. We report the successful application of rapid tissue expansion in 10-month-old xipho-omphalopagus conjoined twins in Vietnam. A tissue expander was placed on the anterior body between the sternum and umbilicus with a baseline of 70 mL sterile saline (0.9% NaCl). The first injection into the tissue expander began on the 6th day after expander insertion, and injections continued every 2 days with approximately 30-70 mL per injection according to the expansion of the skin. The expander reached 335 mL after six injections and within 10 days. In order to prepare for surgical separation, expansion was completed on the 15th day after insertion. The expanded skin area was estimated to be 180 cm², which was sufficient to cover both patients' skin deficiencies. The twins presented for surgical separation 6 days following the completion of tissue expansion. Both babies were discharged in good health 1 month after separation.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.158-166
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• 2022

The complete mitochondrial genome of Tremoctopus violaceus was sequenced to analyze its organization and phylogenetic status within the order Octopoda. The mitochondrial genome of T. violaceus had a structure and organization similar to that of other Octopoda. The content of the nucleotides A, C, G, and T was 31.68 %, 7.71 %, 20.02 %, and 40.58 %, respectively. All protein-coding genes (PCG) began with the ATG codon, excluding ND4 and ATP6, which began with ATC and ATT, respectively, and terminated with TAG, TAA, TA, or T. Codons for isoleucine were the most used codons, whereas those for arginine were used the least. Two extra tRNAs, trnN and trnL, were found in the control region. These tRNAs have a D-armless structure. The control region had excess A + T content (83.16 %) and a stem-loop structure with two elements, which is reported for the first time in Octopoda by our study. Bayesian inference using 13 PCG revealed that Octopus and Octopodidae were polyphyletic, and that Tremoctopodidae diverged relatively earlier within Octopoda. The mitochondrial genome of T. violaceus and its characteristics may help to understand the evolutionary history of Octopoda and establish a marine biodiversity conservation strategy.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.423-436
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• 2023

In this research, we tested 10 simply supported concrete-encased composite columns under monotonic eccentric loads and investigated their shear behaviour. The specimens tested were two reinforced concrete specimens, three steel-reinforced concrete (SRC) specimens with an H-shaped steel section (also called a beam section), and five SRC specimens with a cruciform-shaped steel section (also called a column section). The experimental variables included the transverse steel shape's depth and the longitudinal steel flange's width. Experimental observations indicated the following. (1) The ultimate load-carrying capacity was controlled by web compression failure, defined as a situation where the concrete within the diagonal strut's upper end was crushed. (2) The composite effect was strong before the crushing of the concrete outside the steel shape. (3) We adjusted the softened strut-and-tie SRC (SST-SRC) model to yield more accurate strength predictions than those obtained using the strength superposition method. (4) The MSST-SRC model can more reasonably predict shear strength at an initial concrete softening load point. The rationality of the MSST-SRC model was inferred by experimentally observing shear behaviour, including concrete crushing and the point of sharp variation in the shear strain.