• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.67-88
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• 1998

Present study was attempt to explore the relationship between perceived family support and depression and to emphasize the importance or needs of family support in psychological care especially among adolescents. Study subjects comprized of 308 high school students including vocational students in part, and data collection was done in the Kwangju City area in April. 1998. The Moos Family Environment Scale and the Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale modified by investigators were used as measurement tools of 59 item questionnaire and in data analysis, statistical methods of T-test, ANOVA. and Pearson Correlation Coefficient were utilized. The study findings are as follows 1. The hypothesis of the study, 'the higher the degree of perceived family support among adolescents, the lower the level of depression', was supported (r=-0.4469, p<.001). 2. Some variables in demographic characteristics related to the degree of family support with statistical significance were school division of vacational vs non-vocational(t=-2.02, p<.05), age(f=5.47, p<.01), family monthly income (f=2.49, p<.05), mother's level of education (f=3.01. p<.05), residence at developmental stage (f=2.87, p<.05), personal problem of highest priority at present(f=7.73, p<.001), and family problem perceived by adolescents(f=7.38, p< .001). 3. Items In general characteristics related to the level of depression with statistical significance were sex(t=-2.91, p<.0l). mother's level of education(f=2.53. p<.05). residence at developmental stage (f=3.95. p<.0l). present personal problem of highest priority (f=3.68. p<.1l). and perceived in-family problem (f=4.58. p<.001). 4. The mean score of the degree of perceived family support was 61.26 $(SD=\pm14.45)$ in a range of 21.00 to 96.00 ; that of the level of depression. 43.74 $(SD=\pm8.04)$ in a range of 23.00 to 67.00. which demonstrated that the higher the degree of perceived family support, the lower the level of depression. In conclusion. it was found that the degree of family support perceived by adolescents is a variable affecting the level of depression. Based on the study outcome, further research suggestions can be made as such that repeated studies are needed in order to delineate the various factors affecting family support and depression, and a study involving family support implementation program is required as a nursing intervention for the development of emotional security among adolescents, perceived family support, depression, adolescence.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 2011

QTL analysis for blast resistance was carried out using 140 $BC_3F_3$ lines derived from a cross between Ilpum as a recurrent parent and Moroberekan as a donor parent. 140 $BC_3F_3$ lines with the parents were inoculated with nine blast isolates. To identify QTLs for resistance to nine blast isolates, 134 SSR markers showing polymorphisms between the parents were genotyped for the 140 $BC_3F_3$ lines. A total of 17 resistance QTLs to nine isolates were detected on chromosomes 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9 and 10. The phenotypic variance explained by each QTL ranged from 8.2% to 26.4%. The Moroberekan alleles contributed the positive effect at these 17 QTL loci. In a previous study, the QTL, Pi45(t) for durable resistance to blast was identified using a sequential planting method. To know the relationship between Pi45(t) and the isolate-specific resistance gene, an $F_2$ population was developed from a cross between Ilpum and an introgression line harboring Pi45(t). $F_3$ lines segregating for the Pi45(t) were inoculated to three isolates. $F_3$ lines from the $F_2$ plants with the Moroberekan segment at the target region showed resistance to two isolates. This result seems to indicate that the Pi45(t) and the isolate-specific resistance gene are tightly linked or the resistance is controlled by the same gene(s). The markers linked to genes controlling blast resistance would be useful in developing blast resistance lines in the breeding program.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2010

The studies have been conducted to control the soil borne fungal pathogens viz, Fusarium solani (Mart) Sacc. and Alternaria tenuissima the incitants of root rot and die-back diseases on mulberry stem cuttings planted in the mulberry nurseries and also in established mulberry gardens ten plant extracts with 10% concentration except Lantana camara (undiluted) were tested through poisoned food technique and four biofungicides were also screened by dual culture method under in vitro conditions. Plant extract of Prosopis juliflora showed the maximum inhibition on the mycelial growth (81.2% over A. tenuissima and 80.0% over F. solani) and followed by L. camara (66.7% over A. tenuissima and 68.9% over F. solani). Among the antagonists Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma viride showed maximum inhibition on the mycelial growth of both pathogenic fungi. The promising plant extracts (P. juliflora and L. camara) and antagonists (P. fluorescens and T. viride) were tested against both the pathogenic fungi under in vivo conditions along with the existing popular chemical Mancozeb. All the tested plant products and bio-fungicides showed inhibitory effect on both fungi. But the maximum survival percentage of mulberry cuttings was recorded in the treatment with T. viride (95% against F. solani and 90% against A. tenuisssima) followed by P. fluorescens (90% against both fungi) and T. harzianum (80% against F. solani and 85% against A. tenuisssima). Incase of the treatments with plant extracts and chemical fungicide the P. juliflora (60% against F. solani and 55% against A. tenuisssima) showed higher survival percentage and followed by L. camara (55% against F. solani and 50% against A. tenuisssima) and Mancozeb (55% against both fungi). In case of control only 10% of survival was recorded in F. solani inoculated cuttings and 15% survival in A. tenuissima inoculated cuttings.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.5485-5491
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate PR-VEP characteristics on the perception function(S/N) and the judgement function(T/F) of MBTI. The 136 study participants, over 20 years old adults, were examined by PR-VEP and MBTI test for two months in July and August in 2013. PR-VEP was conducted in O1 and O2 by 32 channels EEG system and MBTI test was measured by Form-M online. We found that the time interval(Duration) between N75 and P100 of PR-VEP was 5.49 ms significantly shorter in the group preferring S indicator. And the latency until N75 was 4.83 ms significantly shorter in O1 and 4.27 ms shorter in O2 in the group preferring F indicator. According to these, the characteristics of groups preferring S and F indicator have influence on visual cognitive function, which is meaningful that the interpretation of brain-science can be used with recognition/judgement function of MBTI.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.209-218
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• 2022

Purpose : This study examined how of nursing students affects their academic self-efficacy and communication ability on self-leadership. Methods : The subjects of this study included 269 nursing students enrolled in a college located in City B, South Korea during a period between June and July 2021. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 22.0 program to compute frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation and conduct t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. Results : The nursing students had average academic self-efficacy of 3.10±.42, communication ability of 3.78±.53, and self-leadership of 3.16±.44. Among the self-leadership sub-factors, self-reward was the highest with 3.94±.74 points. The academic self-efficacy of the subjects demonstrated a significant difference according to happiness index (F=8.83, p<.001) and health (F=3.38, p=.035). The communication ability showed a significant difference depending on year of study (F=5.62, p<.001), happiness index (F=5.95, p<.001), and experience of clinical training (t=-3.57, p<.001). The self-leadership demonstrated a significant difference according to year of study (F=4.28, p=.006), satisfaction with major (F=7.37, p<.001), happiness index (F=3.68, p=.013), and experience of clinical training (t=-3.41, p<.001). A positive correlation was observed between the subject's academic self-efficacy and communication ability (r=.40, p<.001), as well as the academic self-efficacy and self-leadership (r=.45, p<.001). The communication ability (𝛽=.36, p<.001) was proven to be the strongest influential factor on the self-leadership, followed by academic self-efficacy (𝛽=.28, p<.001), satisfaction with major (𝛽=.13, p=.011), and experience of clinical training (𝛽=.13, p=.013). Conclusion : This study results imply that repeated studies that investigate the nursing students' academic self-efficacy, communication ability, and self-leadership are required. Furthermore, efforts should be made to develop programs aimed at enhancing nursing students' academic self-efficacy, communication ability, and self-leadership.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.1011-1018
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• 2011

Aflatoxin-contaminated feed cause mortality, suppression of the immune system, reduced growth rates and losses in feed efficiency. This research study was planned to investigate the immunomodulatory and growth promoting effect of milk thistle as feed additive against aflatoxin $B_1$ in broiler chicks at NWFP Agricultural University Peshawar, Pakistan. Two hundred and forty (240) day old broilers chicks were randomly assigned into four major groups AfF, aflatoxin free feed; Aflatoxin $B_1$ was present in the feed at the levels of 80-520 ${\mu}g/kg$ of the feed in the remaining three groups. Aflatoxin contaminated feed was provided for 5 weeks. Group AfB was supplemented with toxin binder "Mycoad" at 3 g/kg of feed and group AfT was supplemented with milk thistle at10 g/kg of feed. Each group was further sub divided into two sub-groups, vaccinated against ND (Newcastle disease), IB (Infectious bronchitis) and IBD (Infectious bursal diseases) according to recommended schedule of vaccination or non vaccinated. Each sub group carried three replicates with 10 chicks per replicate. Chicks were reared in pens in an open sided house. Supplementary heat was provided to all the chicks during brooding period. Mean body weight gain and dressing percentage were significantly (p<0.05) higher in group AfF, followed by AfT, AfB and Af. Weight gain and dressing percentage was the same in group AfB and AfT, while it was significantly lower in group Af. Feed intake, breast, thigh and leg weight were found significantly (p<0.05) higher in group AfF, followed by AfB, AfT and Af. Significantly lower (better) FCR value was recorded in group AfT. Water intake was significantly (p<0.05) higher in group AfT and AfF as compared to other groups. Mortality was significantly (p<0.05) higher in group Af. Mean bursa and thymus weights were found significantly (p<0.05) higher in group AfF, AfB and AfT followed by Af, while higher spleen weight was recorded in group AfT. Mean antibody titer against ND, IB and IBD was significantly (p<0.05) higher in group AfT, as compared to other groups. It is concluded that milk thistle at 10 g/kg of feed could effectively be utilized as immunostimulant and growth promotant in the presence of immunosuppressant aflatoxin $B_1$ in the feed.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.125-141
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting hearing loss in adolescent's use of PCPs, and to give the basic data for adolescent's hearing conservation program development and prevention education against their hearing loss. This study was a descriptive research about three factors affecting hearing loss; the knowledge and attitude about noise, the perception of hearing loss and the hearing threshold. The subjects of this study were 383 students in two general high schools and two vocational high schools in Teagu. They have been using PCPs but with no current or past ear disease. This study was carried out from Sep. 1. 2000 to Oct. 24, 2000. The instrument used for the knowledge and attitude about noise was a questionnaire developed by Rhee. Kyung Yong and Yi. Kwan Hyung(1996). The instrument used for the perception of hearing loss was a Smith Hearing Screening Questionnaire. A Belton Model 112 Audiometer. air-conduction hearing test instrument. was used for the hearing threshold. Data was analysed by a SPSS/Win 10.0 program with frequency. percentage, t-test. ANOVA and pearson correlation. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The average of concern about hearing scored the highest $3.66{\pm}0.70$. The average of perceived susceptibility scored $2.64{\pm}0.85$ and the average of knowledge about noise scored $2.13{\pm}0.56$. The average of total knowledge and attitude about noise scored $2.82{\pm}0.46$. The average of discomfort of hearing loss($2.51{\pm}0.81$) scored higher than that fear of hearing loss($1.35{\pm}0.53$). The average of total perception of hearing loss scored $1.93{\pm}0.59$. The hearing threshold of the subjects scored the highest at 500Hz(Lt. $23.21{\pm}6.62$, Rt. $23.39{\pm}7.02$) and scored higher in order of 1000Hz, 2000Hz, 4000Hz and 8000Hz. 2. The knowledge and attitude about noise and the perception of hearing loss were both affected only by one important characteristic, which was general and vocational high schools. The knowledge and attitude about noise raked (t=5.258, p=0.000), and perception of hearing loss raked(t=2.241. p=0.026). However. several other important characteristics also impacted significantly on the knowledge and attitudes about noise. They included grade (t = 1. 987. p=0.048), father's education(F=2.745. p=0.043), marks(F=3.157, p=0.044), drinking(t=2.307, p=0.022) and smoking(t=2.587, p=0.010). The left hearing threshold differed significantly by sex at 1000Hz(t=5.175, p<0.001) and 8000Hz (t=3.334, p<0.01). According to general and vocational high schools (p<0.001), at 500Hz (t=-5.056), 1000Hz (t=-5.253), 2000Hz (t=-4.905), 4000Hz (t=-4.704) and 8000Hz (t=-5.204) significant differences were also shown. Marks were significant at 1000Hz (F=3.824, p<0.05) and drinking was found to be significant at 500Hz(t=2.203, p<0.05). The right hearing threshold differed significantly by sex at l000Hz(t=5.557. p<0.001). 4000Hz(t=2.234. p<0.05) and 8000Hz (t=2.730. p<0.01). According to general and vocational high schools(p<0.001) at 500Hz (t=-4.730), 1000Hz(t=-6.271). 2000Hz (t=-4.573). 4000Hz(t=-3.554) and 8000Hz (t=-3.405) significant differences were also shown. Grades impacted at 500Hz(t=2.201. p<0.05) and 4000Hz(t=2.511. p<0.05), while marks were significant at l000Hz(F=4.1l5. p<0.05) and drinking was significant at 500Hz(t=2.333. p<0.05). 3. The left hearing threshold in accordance with use of PCPs differed significantly at 2000Hz(F=2.996. p=0.03l) according to volume level and at 8000Hz(F=2.197. p=0.022) according to duration${\times}$hours per day. The right hearing threshold differed significantly at l000Hz(F=3.075. p=0.028) according to volume level and at 8000Hz(F=2.925. p=0.034) according to duration. 4. The knowledge and attitudes about noise showed a light positive correlation with the perception of hearing loss. A positive correlation was shown. as stated previously in all Hz, between the left hearing threshold and the right hearing threshold, especially the highest correlation at 2000Hz(r=0.761. p=0.000). This study has shown that the factors related to adolescent's use of PCPs are important as they impact significantly an adolescent's hearing. These results then indicate that in future, when designing a hearing conservation program and prevention education this data should be considered.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.282-293
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• 2008

In order to develop the substitutive materials for natural baits of swimming crab pots, the attracting effects of swimming crab such as the preference of baits which were made of the by-products of marine and stock raising through the water tank experiments and fishing experiments. On the investigation of mean entrapped catch number to the pot by the baits after putting the 4 kinds of baits, mackerel(M), mackerel with grinded mackerel s internals($MM_I$), mackerel with tuna s internals$MM_I$) and makerel with grinded krill(MK) each in one pot by turns, $MM_I$ and MK were entrapped mean 3.9(13.0%) and they were a little more comparing to M, and $MT_I$ is least with mean 2.1(7.0%)(F=12.913, P < 0.05). Otherwise, on the preference investigation of swimming crabs by the baits after putting the 4 kinds of baits in the 4 pots each, M was entrapped mean 3.0(10%), but $MM_I$, $MT_I$ and MK were mean 1.2(4.0%), 1.0(3.3%) and 1.5(5.0%) each and they were only 30-50% of M(F=13.398, P < 0.05). On the preference investigation of swimming crabs by the 5 kinds of baits, mackerel(M), and krill(K), manila clam($M_C$), pig s fat($P_F$) and chicken s head($C_H$) which were used in substitutive baits, M was entrapped mean 3.2(10.7%), but K was about 50% of catch of M with mean 1.6(5.3%), and $M_C$, $P_F$ and $C_H$ were very few with mean 0.1-0.2(0.3-0.7%)(F=89.186, P < 0.05). On the preference investigation of swimming crabs by the pots which were put each the 3 kinds of baits, original krill(K), grinded krill with gluten and soybean oil cake($K_GGS$) and grinded krill with gluten, soybean oil cake and glycine($K_GGSG_L$) in the blue fluorescent hexahedral plastic bait cages(BF), and which were put the mackerel(M) in the non-fluorescent hexahedral red plastic bait cage($RF_N$), it was entrapped mean 3.0(10.0%) in the pot which was put the mackerel in the $RF_N$, and the same level in the pots which were put the K and $K_GGSG_L$ in the BF, but it was mean 2.0(6.7%) in the pots which was put the $K_GGS$ in BF and it was decreased by 30% of catch comparing to $RF_N$(F=3.750, P < 0.05). On the preference investigation of swimming crab by the pots which was put grinded tuna with gluten, soybean oil cake and glycine($T_IGSG_L$) in the blue fluorescent hexahedral plastic bait cage(BF), and which was put mackerel(M) in the nonfluorescent hexahedral red plastic bait cage($RF_N$), it was entrapped mean 3.3(11.0%) in the pot which was put mackerel in $RF_N$, and mean 2.7(9.0%) in the pot which was put $T_IGSG_L$ in BF and it was about 15% less comparing to use bait M(t=1.387, P < 0.05). As a results of fishing experiments, a plan for enhancing catching efficiency of $T_IGSG_L$ will be required because catching efficiency of $T_IGSG_L$, alternative bait, was half of fish catching efficiency of natural bait using mackerel. Fishing experiments were conducted 3 times using reinforced substitutive artificial bait that is reinforced attractive effect of $T_IGSG_L$ and composed of tuna intestine, grinded mackerel, gluten, soybean cake, glycine and alanine($T_IM_GGSG_LA$). Catching efficiency of $T_IM_GGSG_LA$ was about 80% of that of natural bait made of mackerel.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-3
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• 1996

The $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-x}$ structure has been fluorinated by a gas phase exchange technique. The ${^19}F$NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spin-lattice relaxation rate (1/T1) measurements on a fluorinated sample gave superconducting energy gap of $2\Delta=4.6kT_c$.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2005

The characteristics of diesel spray have effect on the engine Performance such as power. fuel consumption and emissions. Therefore, This study was Performed to investigate the effect of various injection parameters. In this study. the experiment is performed by using the high temperature and high pressure chamber. Spray behaviors are visualized by using the high speed camera and spray angle. Penetration etc. are measured. Experimental results are summarized as follows ; 1) Correlations of spray Penetration is expressed as follows $$0 $$t_b 2) Correlations of spray Angle is expressed as follows $$T_a=293K \;;\; tan({\theta}/2)=0.59({\rho}_a/{\rho}_f)^{0.437}$$ $$T_a=473K\;;\; tan({\theta}/2)=0.588({\rho}_a/{\rho}_f)^{0.404}$$ 3) The measured macro characteristics - spray tip penetration and spray angle agreed well with established correlations.