• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.219-225
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• 2014

We examined the immunogenicity of H-2 class I-restricted and HLA-A2-restricted epitopes through peptide immunization of HLA-A2-transgenic mice that also express mouse H-2 class I molecules. All four of the tested epitopes restricted by H-2 class I robustly elicited T-cell responses, but four of seven epitopes restricted by HLA-A2 did not induce T-cell responses, showing that HLA-A2-restricted peptide epitopes tend to be poorly immunogenic in HLA-A2-transgenic mice. This finding was confirmed in HLA-A2-transgenic mice infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing hepatitis C virus proteins. We examined the precursor frequency of epitope-specific naïve $CD8^+$ T cells in HLA-A2-transgenic and conventional C57BL/6 mice and found that the poor immunogenicity of HLA-A2-restricted peptide epitopes is related to the paucity of naïve $CD8^+$ T-cell precursors in HLA-A2-transgenic mice. These results provide direction for the improvement of mouse models to study epitope repertoires and the immunodominance of human T-cell responses.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.16-21
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• 2024

Haepyoijin-tang and its main components have been used for phlegm, cough and dyspnea. Using a respiratory inflammation model, we intend to reveal the anti-inflammatory effect and pharmacological mechanism of Haepyoijin-tang. We induced the respiratory inflammation model by Aspergillus oryzae protease and ovalbumin administration. Female Balb/c mice (8 weeks old) were classified into four groups as follows: saline control group, aspergillus oryzae protease and ovalbumin induced respiratory inflammation group (vehicle), inflammation with Haepyoijin-tang (200 mg/kg) administration group, inflammation with dexamethasone (5 mg/kg) administration group (n=7). To identify the anti-inflammatory effects of Haepyoijin-tang water extracts, we measured the inflammatory cell number in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and total live lung cell number. In addition, we checked eosinophil ratio and number in BALF. And Interleukin (IL)-5 level was also measured in lung cell culture supernatant. To confirm the mechanism of anti-inflammatory effects, we analyzed the activated helper T cell (CD4⁺CD25⁺ cell) and Th2 cell (CD4⁺GATA3⁺ cell) ratio and number in lung by using flow cytometry. Finally, we attempted to confirm the immune mechanism by measuring the ratio and number of regulatory T cells (CD4⁺Foxp3⁺ cell). Haepyoijin-tang extracts treatment diminished inflammatory cell, especially, eosinophil number in BALF and total live lung cell number. Moreover, IL-5 level was reduced in Haepyoijin-tang treated group. Surprisingly, Haepyoijin-tang extracts administration not only decreased the activated helper T cell but also Th2 cell population in lung. Additionally, regulatory T cell population was increased in Haepyoijin-tang administration group. Our findings proved that Haepyoijin-tang extract have anti-inflammatory efficacy by suppressing Th2 cell activation and promoting regulatory T cell population.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.211-230
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• 1998

Introduction The effects of Bojungikkitang on the immunosuppression induced by methotrexate in rats were investigated in this experiment. The multiple parameters of immunity assessed in. each rats includes the rate of body weight loss, weight changes in thymus, spleen and axillary lymphnode. The number of lymphocyte and CD4+ T cell count in blood, thymus, spleen and axillary lymphnode were also measured. Methodology Male Sprague-Dawley rats were chosen as an experiment object and were divided into 3 groups by a random selection. Each group consisted 6 rats. The normal group didn't receive any treatment. The control group was administered methotrexate for 4 days. The sample group was administered with both Bojungikkitang and methotrexate for 4 days. The dosage of medication was 2cc/day, 1cc given at 10AM and another 1cc given at 5PM. Results The rate of body weight loss was significantly decreased in the sample group. The weight of thymus was significantly increased in the sample group while the weight of spleen did not show much increase. Blood CD4+ T cell count, thymus lymphocyte count, thymus CD4+ T cell count, spleen lymphocyte count, spleen CD4+ T cell count and axillary lymph node CD4+ T cell count were significantly increased in the sample group while blood lymphocyte count and axillary lymphnode lymphocyte count did not show much increase. Conclusion As one can witness from the above results, administration of Bojungikkitang played potent role in increasing immune system among the rats treated with methotrexate which induces immunosuppression. Overall increase of lymphocyte count and CD4+ T cell count in the sample group with Bojungikkitang effectively proves its ability to boost the immune system.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2003

Background : Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder under immunological influence. Gamichunggumgangwha-tang (CG, Jiaweiqingjinjianghuo-tang) and Gamiyukmigiwhang-tang (YM, Jiaweiliuweidihuang-tang) are herbal tonics for asthma from traditional herbal medicine. Objective : To evaluate the effect of CG and YM on immune cell & serum OA-specific IgE in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in a rat asthma model. Materials and Methods : Rats were sensitized with OA; at day I sensitized group and CG and YM groups were systemically immunized by subcutaneous injection of 1mg OA and 300mg of Al(OH)3 in a total volume of 2ml. At the same time, 1 ml of 0.9% saline containing $6{\times}10^9$ B. pertussis bacilli was injected by Lp. 14 days after the systemic immunization, rats received local immunization by inhaling 0.9% saline aerosol containing 2% (wt/vol) OA. A day after local immunization, BALF was collected from the rats. Rats were orally administered with each of CG and YM extract for 14 days since the day after local immunization. Lymphocyte, CD4＋ T cell and CD8＋ T cell counts, CD4＋/CD8＋ ratio in BALF, change of serum OA-specific IgE level, CD4＋ T cell and CD8＋ T cell percentages in the peripheral blood were measured and evaluated. Results : CG and YM showed an alleviating effect on asthmatic responses of rats. CG decreased total cell, lymphocyte, CD4＋ T cells in BALF, and serum OA-specific IgE level as compared with the control group. YM decreased lymphocytes as compared with the control group. CD4＋/CD8＋ ratio in BALF from the CG and YM groups and serum OA-specific IgE level from the YM group didn't show any significant variation from the control group. Conclusion : CG alleviated asthmatic hyperreactivity of the immune system through CD4＋ T cells and serum IgE. Further the study of this immune system modulating mechanism is expected.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.823-830
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• 1995

연구배경: 결핵감염시 세포매개성 면역반응이 관여하여 말초혈액내 조력 T 세포가 감소하는 것으로 알려저왔다. 그러나 말초혈액내 표지물질을 가진 세포의 수적 감소가 세포매개성 면연반응의 저하라고 할 수있지 여부가 앞으로 해결해야 될 문제인 것으로 지적되고 있다. 이에 저자들은 폐결핵 환자들의 말초혈액에서 활성화된, 또는 활성화 되고 있은 세포의 수적변화를 관찰하기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법: 객담 결핵균 양성인 폐결핵 환자 22명을 대상으로 말초혈액에서 IL-2R, VLA-1, TLiSAI의 활성화 표지에 대한 단세포군 항체를 면역조직 화학법으로 측정하였다. 결과: 1) 폐결핵 환자의 말포혈액에서 $T_1$(+) 세포 및 그 아형들의 단위 부피당 절대수는 $T_4$(+) 세포는 유의하게 감소하였고 $T_8$(+) 세포는 증가하였다(p<0.05). 2) 폐결핵 환자에서 전체 T임파구의 비율은 감소되어 있으며 $T_4$(+) 세포, $T_8$(+) 세포비율은 각각 유의하게 감소, 증가하였다. 또한 $T_4(+)/T_8(+)$ 비율도 유의한 감소가 있었다(p<0.05). 3) 폐결핵 환자에서 activated T cell의 단위 부피당 절대수는 대조군에 비해 모두 유의한 증가를 보였다(p<0.05). 4) 폐결핵 환자에서 activated T cell 비율은, IL-2R, VLA-1, TLiSAI, 각각 6.45+1.56%, 7.64+1.34%, 10.45+1.16%로 모두 대조군에 비해 모두 유의한 증가를 보이며 특히 TLiSAI 항체가 가장 많이 관찰 되었다. 결론: 폐결핵 감염시 말초혈액 임파구의 일부만이 활성화되어 세포매개성 면역반응에 참여하는 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.575-581
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• 2022

A Gram-stain-negative, white-coloured, and rod-shaped bacterium, strain DR4-4^T, was isolated from Daechung Reservoir, Republic of Korea, during Microcystis bloom. Strain DR4-4^T was most closely related to Caenimonas terrae SGM1-15^T and Caenimonas koreensis EMB320^T with 98.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain DR4-4^T and closely related type strains were below 79.46% and 22.30%, respectively. The genomic DNA G+C content was 67.5%. The major cellular fatty acids (≥10% of the total) were identified as C_16:0, cyclo C_17:0, summed feature 3 (C_16:1ω7c and/or C_16:1ω6c), and summed feature 8 (C_18:1ω7c and/or C_18:1ω6c). Strain DR4-4^T possessed phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylglycerol as the main polar lipids and Q-8 as the respiratory quinone. The polyamine profile was composed of putrescine, cadaverine, and spermidine. The results of polyphasic characterization indicated that the isolated strain DR4-4^T represents a novel species within the genus Caenimonas, for which the name Caenimonas aquaedulcis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DR4-4^T (=KCTC 82470^T =JCM 34453^T).

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.543-553
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• 2003

Due to considerably high degree of sequence homology between bacterial and human heat shock proteins(hsp), it has been widely thought that this protein might be involved in autoimmune disease mechanisms in humans. To elucidate how stress proteins contribute in the immunopathogenesis of periodontitis, the present study was performed to evaluate the T cell immune responses specific to Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) heat shock protein (hsp)60 and T-cell epitope specificities for P. gingivalis hsp60 in periodontitis. Anti-P. gingivalis IgG antibody titers were elevated in all patients. We could establish P. gingivalis hsp-specific T cell ines from the peripheral blood of peridontitis, a mixture of $CD4^+$ and $CD8^+$ cells. Of 108 overlapping synthetic peptides spanning whole P. gingivalis hsp60 moleculc, ten peptides with cpitopes specifities for T-cell were showed. Interestingly, ten epitopes were also identified as T-cell epitopes in the present study as well as B-cell epitopes in peridontitis. Therefore, all the ten representative epitopes were designated as common T-and B-cell epitopes for peridontitis. It is critical in developing a peptide vaccine strategy for potential prevention of periodontitis. It was concluded that P. gingivalis hsp60 might be involved in the immunoregulatory process of periodontitis with heat shock protein specificities.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.79-97
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• 2000

Objectives : To investigate the effects of herb-acupunctures of Qi tonification herbs or formula on the rat immune depression induced by an anticancer drug, methotrexate (MTX) Methods: Animals were divided into 5 groups; Normal control group was not given any treatment. Immune depression was induced by oral administration of 1mg/kg MTX b.i.d for 4 days in Control, Sample I, II, and III groups. We treated on CV 4 (Guanyuan) with saline, Bojoongiggi-tang (Buzhongyiqi-tang), Ginseng Radix and Astragali Radix herb-acupunctures in Control, Sample I, II, and Ill groups, respectively. In both blood and spleen, the assessment of CD4+ T-cell count, CD8+ T-cell count, CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio was performed. Results: Here we show that 3 herb- acupuncture groups have an influence, to some extent, on CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell counts and CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio in both blood and spleen. Astragali Radix herb-acupuncture, in particular, was found to have significantly increased CD4+ T-cell count in blood and CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio in blood and spleen. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that herb-acupunctures of Bojoongiggi-tang (Buzhongyiqi-tang), Ginseng Radix and Astragali Radix may have an influence over rat immune depression induced by MTX.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.43.1-43.11
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• 2020

Capicua (CIC) is a transcriptional repressor that regulates several developmental processes. CIC deficiency results in lymphoproliferative autoimmunity accompanied by expansion of CD44^hiCD62L^lo effector/memory and follicular Th cell populations. Deletion of Cic alleles in hematopoietic stem cells (Vav1-Cre-mediated knockout of Cic) causes more severe autoimmunity than that caused by the knockout of Cic in CD4⁺CD8⁺ double positive thymocytes (Cd4-Cre-mediated knockout of Cic). In this study, we compared splenic CD4⁺ T cell activation and proliferation between whole immune cell-specific Cic-null (Cic^f/f;Vav1-Cre) and T cell-specific Cic-null (Cic^f/f;Cd4-Cre) mice. Hyperactivation and hyperproliferation of CD4⁺ T cells were more apparent in Cic^f/f;Vav1-Cre mice than in Cic^f/f;Cd4-Cre mice. Cic^f/f;Vav1-Cre CD4⁺ T cells more rapidly proliferated and secreted larger amounts of IL-2 upon TCR stimulation than did Cic^f/f;Cd4-Cre CD4⁺ T cells, while the TCR stimulation-induced activation of the TCR signaling cascade and calcium flux were comparable between them. Mixed wild-type and Cic^f/f;Vav1-Cre bone marrow chimeras also exhibited more apparent hyperactivation and hyperproliferation of Cic-deficient CD4⁺ T cells than did mixed wild-type and Cic^f/f;Cd4-Cre bone marrow chimeras. Taken together, our data demonstrate that CIC deficiency at the beginning of T cell development endows peripheral CD4⁺ T cells with enhanced T cell activation and proliferative capability.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.268-280
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• 2011

Background: Dengue virus, which belongs to the Flavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family, causes fatal dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) with infection risk of 2.5 billion people worldwide. However, approved vaccines are still not available. Here, we explored the immune responses induced by alternating prime-boost vaccination using DNA vaccine, adenovirus, and vaccinia virus expressing E protein of dengue virus type 2 (DenV2). Methods: Following immunization with DNA vaccine (pDE), adenovirus (rAd-E), and/or vaccinia virus (VV-E) expressing E protein, E protein-specific IgG and its isotypes were determined by conventional ELISA. Intracellular CD154 and cytokine staining was used for enumerating CD4+ T cells specific for E protein. E protein-specific CD8+ T cell responses were evaluated by in vivo CTL killing activity and intracellular IFN-${\gamma}$ staining. Results: Among three constructs, VV-E induced the most potent IgG responses, Th1-type cytokine production by stimulated CD4+ T cells, and the CD8+ T cell response. Furthermore, when the three constructs were used for alternating prime-boost vaccination, the results revealed a different pattern of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. i) Priming with VV-E induced higher E-specific IgG level but it was decreased rapidly. ii) Strong CD8+ T cell responses specific for E protein were induced when VV-E was used for the priming step, and such CD8+ T cell responses were significantly boosted with pDE. iii) Priming with rAd-E induced stronger CD4+ T cell responses which subsequently boosted with pDE to a greater extent than VV-E and rAd-E. Conclusion: These results indicate that priming with live viral vector vaccines could induce different patterns of E protein-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses which were significantly enhanced by booster vaccination with the DNA vaccine. Therefore, our observation will provide valuable information for the establishment of optimal prime-boost vaccination against DenV.