• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.413-418
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• 2014

It has been proved that the union of two linear star-configurations in $\mathbb{P}^2$ of type s and t for either $3{\leq}t{\leq}10$ or $\(\frac{t}{2}\)-1{\leq}s$ with $3{\leq}t$ has maximal Hilbert function. We extend the condition to $\[\frac{1}{2}\(\frac{t}{2}\)\]{\leq}s$, so that it is true for either $3{\leq}t{\leq}10$ or $\[\frac{1}{2}\(\frac{t}{2}\)\]{\leq}s$ with $3{\leq}t$, which extends the result of [6].

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.231-235
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• 2015

This study was performed to investigate the change of the body surface temperature during socialization of weaning pigs. A total of 108 piglets (Landrace 60 and Yorkshire 48) aged 31 (${\pm}1.1$) day was used for this study. Experiment was designed as follows; familiar group (T1), randomly mixed with unfamiliar piglets (T2), mixed based on weight of unfamiliar piglet (T3). The transport and mixing of pigs were performed at 10:00, and then body surface temperature was taken by thermo-graphic camera after 4 hours (14:00). Average surface temperature and hot-spot-temperature, which is the hottest spot of the body surface, were analyzed using Testo IRsoft 3.1 software. Average temperature of body surface were 36.0, 38.2, and 37.5 in T1, T2, and T3, respectively. Average of body surface temperature in T2 and T3 were higher (p<0.001) than T1, and average temperature of body surface of T3 was greater (p<0.001) than that of T2. The hot-spot-temperature of T1, T2, and T3 were 38.7, 39.5, and 39.6, respectively. The hot-spot-temperature of T2 (p<0.01) and T3 (p<0.001) were significantly higher than that of T1. Above results demonstrate that grouping unfamiliar pigs leads to increase in the body temperature possibly by pigs aggressive behavior during social conflict. By the result on average body temperature, this study suggests that the mixing with similar body weight would increase the struggle time and frequency.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.1062-1068
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• 2004

Leptin has a major role in the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis. In addition, leptin participates in many physiological functions including regulation of lipid metabolism. Bovine recombinant leptin protein was produced in E. coli cells in order to understand function of leptin in the regulation of lipid metabolism. The leptin expression vector was constructed in pGEX-4T-3 vector and transformed into E. coli BL21 cells. Expression of the GST-leptin fusion protein was induced with IPTG. The fusion protein was purified using glutathione sepharose 4B batch method, and the recombinant leptin was eluted after thrombin protease digestion. The effect of leptin on glucose transport was examined in the differentiated adipocytes of 3T3-L1 cells. Leptin had no effect on basal and insulin-stimulated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 cells (p>0.05). Effect of recombinant leptin on glucose and acetate transport was examined in adipose tissues of Korean cattle (Hanwoo). Insulin stimulated glucose transport in both intramuscular and subcutaneous adipose tissues (p<0.05), but leptin did not affect glucose transport in both adipose tissues (p>0.05). Insulin stimulated acetate transport in bovine adipose tissues (p<0.05), but leptin did not affect acetate transport (p>0.05). Northern and RT-PCR analyses showed that mRNA levels of uncoupling protein-2 were increased by leptin treatment in 3T3-L1 cells without statistical difference (p>0.05). In conclusion, bovine recombinant leptin did not affect glucose and acetate transport in both 3T3-L1 adipocytes and bovine adipose tissues, while it stimulates UCP-2 mRNA expression in 3T3-L1 cells.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.989-992
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of larval stages of three species, namely, Tenebrio molitor, Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis, and Ptecticus tenebrifer larvae, in degrading poultry manure, specially, broiler and duck manure. The survival rates of larvae were also noted. For the experiment, T. molitor (n=300), P. brevitarsis seulensis (n=60), and P. tenebrifer (n=300) hatched larvae were randomly divided into six groups with three replicates. The degaradation efficacy tests were then performed for 30 days in a laboratory. The test groups were as follows: T1, 110 g broiler manure + T. molitor larvae (n=50); T2, 110 g duck manure + T. molitor larvae (n=50); T3, 125 g broiler manure + P. brevitarsis seulensis larvae (n=10); T4, 125 g duck manure + P. brevitarsis seulensis larvae (n=10); T5, 105 g broiler manure + P. tenebrifer larvae (n=50); and T6, 105 g duck manure + P. tenebrifer larvae (n=50). The groups showed significant efficacy in degrading broiler and duck manure (p<0.05). The highest survival rates were recorded for T. molitor larvae in both manure types [T1 (92.67%) and T2 (50%)], followed by P. brevitarsis seulensis larvae (T4, 40%) and P. tenebrifer larvae (T6, 14.67%) in duck manure. Next, the survival rates of P. brevitarsis seulensis (T3) and Ptecticus tenebrifer larvae (T5) in broiler manure were 0%. In conclusion, these results point to the feasibility of using insect larvae to degrade broiler and duck manure.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 1984

The soil bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a plant pathogen that cause3 crown gall tumors by infecting the wounded dicotyledonous plants and subsequent integration of bacterial DNA into plant nuclear DNA. Virulent A. tumefaciens strains harbor a large Ti (tumor-inducing) plasmid that carries genes essential for tumorigenesis. In the present study, 13 strains (Malus pumila Mill; $A_{1-3}$, Populus monilifera; $W_{1-6}$, Populus tomentiglandlosa; $P_{1-3}$ and Rosa species; $R_1$) of Agrobacterium isolated in korean crown gall tumors and plasmids were observed in 6 strains ($W_2$, $W_3$, $W_6$, $P_1$, $P_3$ and $A_2$). The test for crown gall tumor formation was resulted only in ATCC15955 and $KW_2$ strains inoculated into the stem of sun flower and the development was observed for 4 and 6 weeks after inoculation. Above two Ti plasmids (pTi) were purified by cesium chloride-ethidium bromide density gradient centrifugation and digested with restriction enzyme and fragments of pTiATCC 15955 and $pTiKW_2$ observed by EcoR I ; 25&27, Hind III; 23&21, BamH I ; each 20 and Hpa I ; 12&27, and sizes of pTiATCC15955 and and $pTiKW_2$ calculated as 200 and 87 kbases. Octopine was isolated from tumor tissue ($W_{1-6}$ and $P_{1-3}$) and these strains confirmed as octopine type.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.169-175
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• 2009

This study examined 40 healthy volunteers had been tested for their gallbladder (GB) volume and wall thickness by a real time ultrasonography before and after a meal. The results are as follows : 1. The mean values of GB volume were 47.40. (SD 9.05) for male, 35.72. (SD 8.30) for female. 2. The mean value of wall thickness of GB was 2.3 mm (SD 0.3, male, SD 0.5, female). 3. The mean ejection-fraction rates of GB result in 67.20% for male, 63.95% for female. 4. The values of GB volume had significant negative correlations (v = -.487, p < .000, male, v = -.509, p < .000, female) within 4 hours after a meal and significant positive correlations (v = .434, p < .000, male, v = .440, p < .000, female) afterward. 5. The wall thicknesses of GB were significant positive correlations (t = .310, p < .002, male, t = .116, p < .246, female) within 3 hours after a meal and significant negative correlations (t = -.288, p < .010, male, t = -.126, p < 7.10, female) afterward. 6. The relationship between volume and wall thickness of GB showed significant negative correlation.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2019

This study was a cross-sectional descriptive investigation study that analyzed the effects of spiritual well-being on stress coping in twenties. Data collection period was from May 1, 2019 to May 20, and 207 people voluntarily participated in the study. The sub-factors of spiritual well-being consisted of religious well-being and existential well-being. The types of stress coping consist of active coping, passive coping, aggressive coping, evasive coping, and social supportive coping. Data was analyzed using frequency analysis, t-test, Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis using SPSS 18.0. As a result of the analysis, 90 (43.5%) were male and 117 (56.5%) were female. The 71.0% of the participants had no religion, the Buddhists were 14.5%, other religions were 5.8%, Protestants were 4.3%, Catholics were 2.9%, and Won Buddhists were 1.4%. Active coping in stress coping was correlated with religious well-being (r=-.357, p<0.01) and existential well-being (r=.301, p<0.01) under statistical significance. Religious well-being was significantly higher in males (Mean=2.87, SD=.753) than females (Mean=2.49, SD=.772, p<0.01). Existential well-being was also higher in males (Mean=4.25, SD=.841) than in females (Mean=3.95, SD=.694, p<0.01). The religious well-being was significantly higher than active coping (t=6.183, p<0.01), passive coping (t=-3.595, p<0.01), aggressive coping (t=1.991, p<0.05). Existential well-being was significantly higher than active coping (t=5.339, p<0.01), aggressive coping (t=1.659, p<0.05), evasive coping (t=-3.709, p<0.05) at the statistical significance level. Based on the results, it can be suggested that it was necessary to systematically plan spiritual well-being program as a way to cope with stress by knowing that spiritual well-being positively affects active, aggressive stress coping.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1569-1576
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• 2013

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of vitamin E and zinc supplementation on energy metabolites, lipid peroxidation, and milk production in peripartum Sahiwal cows. For this, thirty-two pregnant dry Sahiwal cows were selected at sixty days prepartum and divided into four groups viz control, $T_1$, $T_2$, and $T_3$ of eight each. Group $T_1$ were supplemented with zinc at 60 ppm/d/cow, group $T_2$ were supplemented with vitamin E at 1,000 IU/d/cow and group $T_3$ were supplemented with combination of vitamin E at 1,000 IU/d/cow and zinc at 60 ppm/d/cow during d 60 prepartum to d 90 postpartum. Blood samples were collected on d -60, -45, -30, -15, -7, -3, 0, 3, 7, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 with respect to day of parturition and analysed for glucose, non esterified fatty acid, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance. Body condition score was maintained significantly better (p<0.05) in $T_3$ than in the control, $T_1$ and $T_2$ groups. Overall glucose level was higher (p<0.05) in $T_3$ than control, $T_1$, and $T_2$ groups. Levels of nonesterified fatty acid, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance were lower (p<0.05) in $T_3$ than control, $T_1$, and $T_2$ groups. Milk yield was higher (p<0.05) in $T_3$ than control, $T_1$, and $T_2$ groups. In conclusion, the present study indicated that the supplementation of vitamin E and zinc in peripartum Sahiwal cows enhanced milk production by reducing negative energy balance.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.851-859
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of addition of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) leaf and root extracts on the quality and sensory characteristics of ground pork meat. Four types of ground pork were evaluated: 5% ice water added (T0), 5% lotus leaf extract added (T1), 2.5% lotus leaf extract and 2.5% root extract added (T2), and 5% lotus root extract added (T3). There were no significant differences in moisture, protein, fat, ash, cooking yield, moisture retention, water holding capacity, reduction in diameter, a-value (redness), b-value (yellowness), VBN content (volatile basic nitrogen), hardness, springiness, cohesiveness or chewiness. The fat retention was highest in T0 (p<0.05). The L-values (lightness) of T2 and T3 were higher than those of T0 and T1 (p<0.05). The pH was lowest in T1 (p<0.05). The TBARS (2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) values of T0, T1, T2, and T3 were 0.47, 0.17, 0.21, and 0.32 mgMA/kg, respectively, with that of T1 being significantly lower than those of the other samples (p<0.05). The contents of free amino acids related to sweet taste was 642.5 ppm for T1, which was highest among the samples (p<0.05). The flavor was highest in T1 (p<0.05). These results suggest that lotus leaf extracts improved the lipid oxidation and flavor of ground pork meat.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.237-245
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary thyroid hormone (T$_3$and T$_4$) on growth, feed conversion ratio and serum T$_3$or T$_4$concentration of broiler chicks. Zero to six week-old broiler chicks were randomly allocated into seven treatment groups for feeding trials with three replication : control, T$_3$(0.1), T$_3$(1.0), T$_3$(5.0), T$_4$(0.1), T$_4$(1.0), T$_4$(5.0) ppm group. Concentrations of T$_3$and T$_4$in serum were analyzed. The weight gain of T$_3$(1.0), T$_3$(5.0) and T$_4$(5.0) groups were significantly lower than that of control. No statistically significant adverse effect was observed in other groups (p〉0.05). Feed intake was significantly lower in T$_3$(0.1, 1.0 and 5.0) and T$_4$(5.0) than in control group (p〈0.05), and the feed conversion ratio had a similar trend to the feed intake change. The contents of liquid and abdominal fat pad in carcass were significantly decreased in all T$_3$and T$_4$groups (p〈0.05). T$_3$and T$_4$concentration in serum was significantly increased at over 1.0ppm of the hormone supplementation level. As T$_3$addition level increased, T$_4$concentration in serum reduced ; however, T$_3$in serum was directly proportional during fasted were slightly increased when T$_3$or T$_4$was added to broiler diets.