• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.301-309
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• 2005

Trichoderma species/isolates exhibited varied degree of agglutination on sclerotial (Sc) and hyphal (Hy) surface of Macrophomina phaseolina. The agglutination efficiencies on Sc and Hy ranged from $11\;to\;57\%$. Isolates of T. harzianum (Th) and T. viride (Tv) showed greater agglutination on Sc ($23-57\%$) and Hy ($16-47\%$). Different enzymes (trypsin, pepsin, proteinase k, a-chymotrypsin, lyticase and glucosidase) and inhibitors (tunicamycin, cycloheximide, brefeldin A, sodium azide, dithiothreitol and SDS) reduced the agglutination potential of conidia of Th-23/98 and Tv-25/98; however, the extent of response varied greatly in different treatments. Different fractions of Th-23/98 and Tv-25/98 exhibited haemagglutinating reaction with human blood group A, B, AB and O. Haemagglutinating activity was inhibited by different sugars and glycoproteins tested. Crude haemagglutinating protein from outer cell wall protein fraction of Th-23/98 and Tv-25/98 were eluted on Sephadex G-100 column. Initially Th-23/98 and Tv-25/98 exhibited two peaks showing no agglutination activity; however, lectin activity was detected in the third peak. Similar to crude lectin, the purified lectin also exhibited haemagglutinating activity with different erythrocyte source. SDS-PAGE analysis of partially purified lectin revealed single band with an estimated molecular mass of 55 and 52 kDa in Th-23/98 and Tv-25/98, respectively. Trypsin, chymotrypsin and b-1,3-glucanase totally inhibited lectin activity. Similarly, various pH also affected the haemagglutinating activity of Th-23/98 and Tv-25/98. From the present observations, it can be concluded that the recognition/attachment of mycoparasite (T. harzianum and T. viride) to the host surface (M. phaseolina) may be most likely due to lectin-carbohydrate interaction.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.226-232
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• 1982

The measurements of the jerking force and the tail beat by hooked carp were carried out using a strain gauge at a fish pond from July to August 1981. The maximum jerking force was sustained for a while in the initial state after a carp was hooked, but the jerking force was gradually decreased as a function of the time elapsed until the fish was utterly exhausted, and it converged to the body weight at last. The results are as follows : 1. The maximum jerking force $F_m(g)$ can be expressed with empirical formula : $$F_m=3.23W+105$$ where W (g) is the body weight. 2. Dynamic change of the maximum jerking force $F_n(g)$ by one tail beat with time $t_{n}(-10T/2{\leq}\;t_n{\leq}10T/2)$ can he induced with the equation as follows : $$F_n=(0.27W-6.52)(|t_n|+C)^{-2.10}$$ where the period T (sec) is given by the following equation with the body weight : T=0.000385W+0.193 3. The jerking force at each of the peak points $F_p$ (g) varies with the time elapsed t (sec) as following equation : $$F_{p}=(2.23W+105)e^{-{\beta}t}+W$$. The value of durability index $\beta$ was nearly zero in the initial state and about 1.7 in the exhausted state at last. 4. It was clearly shown that the change of jerking force by hooked carp was closely related to the tail beat from a paired difference T-test.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2014

A low carbon steel, Fe-2.25%Cr steel (ASTM T22), and Fe-2.25%Cr-1.6%W steel (ASTM T23) were aluminized by hot dipping into molten Al baths. After hot-dipping, a thin Al-rich topcoat and a thick alloy layer formed on the surface. The topcoat consisted primarily of a thin Al layer that contained a small amount of Fe, whereas the alloy layer consisted of Al-Fe intermetallics such as $Al_5Fe_2$ and AlFe. Cr, Mo, and W in T22 and T23 steels reduced the thickness of the topcoat and the alloy layer, and flattened the reaction front of the aluminized layer, when compared to the low carbon steel.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 2020

As the number of internet-connected appliances and the variety of IoT services are rapidly increasing, it is hard to protect IT assets with traditional network security techniques. Most traditional network log analysis systems use rule based mechanisms to reduce the raw logs. But using predefined rules can't detect new attack patterns. So, there is a need for a mechanism to reduce congested raw logs and detect new attack patterns. This paper suggests enterprise security management for IoT services using graph and network measures. We model an event network based on a graph of interconnected logs between network devices and IoT gateways. And we suggest a network clustering algorithm that estimates the attack probability of log clusters and detects new attack patterns.

• ALGAE
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.187-199
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• 2008

A study on the fine structure of the marine diatom Thalassiosira has been carried out during the periods from January 2007 to March 2008 in Korean coastal waters. As the third series of the Thalassiosira species, a fine structure, description, distribution and taxonomic remarks of the six Thalassiosira species were observed by means of light microscope and scanning electron microscope. The critical features of Thalassiosira species were a shape of external tubes of marginal strutted processes and labiate process. Six species showed each different shape of external tubes, marginal strutted processes and labiate process. The shape of external tube was divided into five types: T shape of Thalassiosira curviseriata, small-rounded shape of T. lundiana, double-layer form and flame shape of T. nordenskioeldii, tulip shape of T. punctigera and tooth-shape of T. tenera. This external character may be able to key character for positive identification of the Thalassiosira species. Of these Thalassiosira lundiana, T. minuscula and T. tenera were new records for Korean coastal waters.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.435-445
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• 1995

Five species of Tomoceridae from Korean caves are reviewed , including one speices described as new to science. T. (M.) odongnyeoensis n.sp. belong to the subgenus of new record for Korea. The present study eventually resulted in listing eight species in five subgenera of Korea cave Tomoceridae, and all Collebola from Korean caves nowenumerate 23 species (or subspecies) in nine genera of eight families.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.114-115
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• 2007

The corrosion characteristics of Cr steels were investigated to protect Cr steels from the SO2-gas corrosion in the coal-fired power plant. The samples tested were low alloy ferritic steel (ASTM T22, 23), martensitic steel (ASTM T91, 92, 122), and austenitic stainless steel (ASTM 347HFG). The corrosion tests were performed between 600oC and 1000oC in Ar + (0.2, 1)%SO2 gas for 100 hr. Chromium was quite beneficial to corrosion resistance, while iron was not. The corrosion resistance increased in the order of T22, T23, T91, T92, T122, and 347HFG.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.9.1-9.15
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• 2023

Cancer immunotherapies continue to face numerous obstacles in the successful treatment of solid malignancies. While immunotherapy has emerged as an extremely effective treatment option for hematologic malignancies, it is largely ineffective against solid tumors due in part to metabolic challenges present in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-infiltrating CD8⁺ T cells face fierce competition with cancer cells for limited nutrients. The strong metabolic suppression in the TME often leads to impaired T-cell recruitment to the tumor site and hyporesponsive effector functions via T-cell exhaustion. Growing evidence suggests that mitochondria play a key role in CD8⁺ T-cell activation, migration, effector functions, and persistence in tumors. Therefore, targeting the mitochondrial metabolism of adoptively transferred T cells has the potential to greatly improve the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapies in treating solid malignancies.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.61-61
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• 2009

This paper has been performed in order to figure out the reason of failure in T23 weldments used for boiler tube at 550 $^{\circ}C$. Defects such as cracks and cavities occurred in CGHAZ (coarse grain heat-affected-zone) and multi pass of weld metal, and these crack propagated along grain boundary. Microstructure evolution such as grain growth and carbide precipitation was investigated by optical microscope (OM), transmission electron microscope(TEM). Moreover, Auger electron spectroscope (AES) was employed in order to examine segregation along the grain boundaries. There is significant difference in grain size and precipitation distribution in the region where cracking took place. In addition, sulfur segregation was observed. Based on the results of this investigation, it has been possible to establish that this type of cracks were consistent with reheat cracking and creep damage. Selection of optimal filler metal, heat input, and PWHT temperature is required for prevention in order to avoid this type of cracking.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.609-616
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• 2010

We characterize extreme rays of the cone $\mathbb{T}$ of all positive semi-definite block matrices whose partial transposes are also positive semi-definite. We also construct an algorithm checking whether a given PPTES generates an extreme ray in the cone $\mathbb{T}$ or not. Using this algorithm, we give an example of $4{\otimes}4$ PPT entangle state of the type (5, 5), which generates extreme ray of the cone $\mathbb{T}$.