• TTA Journal
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• s.155
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• pp.22-27
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• 2014

• The Monthly Technology and Standards
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• s.110
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• pp.22-23
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• 2011

• The Monthly Technology and Standards
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• s.120
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• pp.20-22
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• 2012

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.167-176
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• 2012

Three protease-producing halophilic bacteria were isolated from fermenting anchovy. Isolated FAM 10, FAM 114, and FAM 115 were found to grow optimally at salt concentrations of 2-4%, 10%, and 6%, respectively, and could grow in salinity of up to 18-22%. The salinity conditions for optimum protease production were 6% in FAM 10 and 10% in FAM 114 and FAM 115. The protease activity of FAM 10 was gradually inhibited by the addition of NaCl up to 10%, and was not evident at 14%, whereas FAM 114 and FAM 115 displayed protease activity at 14% NaCl and could not be measured at 18%. These results demonstrated that the three isolated strains belong to protease-producing, moderately halophilic bacteria. Strain FAM 10, FAM 114, and FAM 115 were identified as Salinivibrio sp., Halobacillus sp., and Halobacillus sp. respectively, based on comparative analyses of the 16S rRNA gene and the 16S-23S intergenic space sequence (IGS), biochemical testing, and Gram staining. Salinivibrio sp. FAM 10 had two 16S rDNAs containing different sequences at position 191 and four IGSs that harbored no tRNA gene and tRNA genes for isoleucine, alanine, glutamate, lysine, and/or valine. Halobacillus sp. FAM 114 and FAM 115 had completely identical 16S rRNA gene sequences and showed 99% identity to the sequences of various Halobacillus strains. The three IGSs found in the genome of both strains displayed 99% sequence identity with Halobacillus aidingensis and Halobacillus sp. JM-Hb, and had $IGS^0$ with no tRNA gene and $IGS^{IA}$ with tRNA genes for isoleucine and alanine.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.244-249
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• 2007

This study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding dietary mugwort on the beef quality during 14 month(from 14 month to 27 month) with 32 heads of fattening Hanwoo. Fattening Hanwoos were randomly allotted 4 treatments(8 heads/treatment): C-1[(control(0%) of Hanwoo steers)], C-2[(control(0%) of Hanwoo heifers)], T-1(supplemented with mugwort powder 2.0% of Hanwoo steers), T-2(supplemented with mugwort powder 2.0% of Hanwoo heifers). The shear force value and water holding capacity(WHC) of longissimus muscle were the highest in T-1($3.20kg/0.5inch^2$, 54.32%) and cookingloss was in C-2(22.22%) than the others(p<0.05). However, panel test scores of juiciness, tenderness and flavor of longissimus muscle were the highest for T-1(5.20-5.50 point) between the treatment group. The total catechin and epicatechen in longissimus muscle were higher in treatment group(0.43-046 mg/kg, 0.056-0.065 mg/kg) than control group(0.23-0.25 mg/kg, 0.031-0.032 mg/kg)(p<0.05). The content of total fatty acid in longissimus muscle were oleic acid(48.45-47.56%), palmitic acid(29.67-28.86%), stearic acid(9.92-10.82%), palmitoleic acid and myristic acid(4.68-5.49%, 2.48-3.89%) of range. In conclusion, the effects of feeding dietary mugwort of Hanwoo steer were improved the quality beef with highly panel test scores(juiciness, tenderness, flavor) and physical-chemical characteristics(shear force value, WHC).

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2024

In this study, a HSPF model was developed to simulate runoff and water quality in the Haebancheon watershed, which has a high land area ratio and population density among the West Nakdong River watersheds. Various non-point source pollution control strategies were applied, and the reduction in pollutant loads and the exceedance rate of water quality standards were analyzed. The scenarios included basic road cleaning for reducing pollutant loads, runoff reduction measures considering extensive low-impact development techniques, and inflow reduction measures to mitigate non-point source pollution entering the river. In the first step, practical conditions such as the number of vehicles for road cleaning in Kimhae City were considered, while for the second and third steps, it was assumed that 50% of the applicable land use area was used to be applicable for the LID techniques. As a result of applying all three measures, it was analyzed that the BOD pollutant load could be reduced by 58.28%, T-N by 58.49%, and T-P by 51.56%. Furthermore, the 60th percentile of water quality measurements accumulated over 5 years was set as the target water quality, and a flow-duration curve was constructed. The exceedance rate of the flow-duration curve before and after applying non-point source pollution reduction measures was analyzed. As a result, for BOD, the exceedance rate decreased from 41.57% before applying the measures to 16.32% after, showing a 25.25% reduction in the exceedance rate. For T-N, the exceedance rate decreased significantly from 40.31% before the measures to 22.84% after, and for T-P, it decreased significantly from 62.43% to 27.22%.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.28-34
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• 2012

Material degradation of Cr steels in using for boiler tubes was studied in the relation of microstructural changes like carbide behavior and mechanical properties of hardness and creep-rupture life. The carbide dissolution was occurred in 2Cr steel of T22 during high temperature operation. And the grain refinement within martensite lath of 12Cr steel of X20 was derived by the high temperature-long time exposure. But the specific phenomena of material degradation which might be represented by hardness or creep-rupture time of the used tubes were not shown in all the tubes of T22 and X20 even in the fire-side using.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.72-79
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• 2020

Two Fe-Cr steels of T22 steel and STS430 steel were corroded at 650 and 750℃ for 100hr in sewage sludge-(0.3% SO₂-6% O₂-10% H₂O-balance CO₂) mixed gas environment. T22 steel corroded faster than STS430, indicating that the Cr content significantly influence the corrosion rates. T22 formed thick and non-protective Fe₂O₃ as the major oxide and Fe₃O₄ as the minor one. With an increase in corrosion temperature, their corrosion rates increased, being accompanied with formation of pores and cracks in the thickened oxide scales that were non-adherent. STS430 steel formed Fe₂O₃, Fe₃O₄ as the outer scale and (Fe, Cr)-O as the inner layer by which its corrosion rate is greatly reduced. Both the T22 and STS430 steel samples formed multi-layered scales by outward diffusion of Fe ions and inward diffusion of oxygen and sulfur ions at high-temperature more than 650℃.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.20 no.2 s.91
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• pp.106-111
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• 2005

The functional relationship between the number of mole of an i-fatty acid (Si) included in fish oil and the hydrolysis time(t) was expressed as a mathematical model, $S_i=-{\alpha_i}1n(t)+\beta_i$. The average errors of calculated values on the basis of the measured values were distributed in the range of less than $5\%$ for all the 15 fatty aids composing of fish oil. The equation of hydrolysis rate of each fatty acid was deduced as $v_i={\gamma_i}exp(\frac{S_i}{\alpha_i})$ from the above-mentioned $S_i=-{\alpha_i}ln(t)+{\beta_i}$. Therefore the hydrolysis yields of fatty acids were analyzed using the equation of $S_i\;Vs.\;t.$. The 15 fatty acids were categorized into 4groups from the view point of hydrolysis yield. The hydrolysis yields of the first group, including C14:0, C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1 (n-7) and 1l8:1 (n-9), were higher than $70\%$ at 48 hr of hydrolysis. Those of the second group, C20:1, C22:1, C18:3, C20:4 and C20:5, were distributed from $40\%,\;to\;60\%$, and third group were around $30\%$. The final group containing only C22:6 was very hard to be hydrolyzed and the yield was less than $20\%$ at the same time.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.70-76
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• 2015

Background and Objectives: Insomnia is the most prevalent sleep disorder in the general population and is considered to be a disorder of hyperarousal. The aim of this study was to measure the psychophysiological responses in insomnia patients using a biofeedback system, and to compare them with results from normal healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: Eighty patients with primary insomnia (35 males and 45 females, average age $49.71{\pm}12.91years$) and 101 normal healthy controls (64 males and 37 females, average age $27.65{\pm}2.77$) participated in this study. Electromyography (EMG), heart rate (HR), skin conductance (SC), skin temperature (ST), and respiratory rate (RR) were recorded using a biofeedback system during 5 phases (baseline, stress 1, recovery 1, stress 2, recovery 2) of a stress reactivity test, and average values were calculated. Difference in values between the two groups in each corresponding phase was analyzed with independent t-test, and change in values across phases of the stress reactivity test was analyzed with paired t-test (all two-tailed, p<0.05). Results: Compared to normal controls, insomnia patients had higher EMG in all 5 phases (baseline : $7.72{\pm}3.88{\mu}V$ vs. $4.89{\pm}1.73{\mu}V$, t = -6.06, p<0.001 ; stress 1 : $10.29{\pm}5.16{\mu}V$ vs. $6.63{\pm}2.48{\mu}V$, t = -5.84, p<0.001 ; recovery 1 : $7.87{\pm}3.86{\mu}V$ vs. $5.17{\pm}2.17{\mu}V$, t = -5.61, p<0.001 ; stress 2 : $10.22{\pm}6.07{\mu}V$ vs. $6.98{\pm}2.98{\mu}V$, t = -4.37, p<0.001 ; recovery 2 : $7.88{\pm}4.25{\mu}V$ vs. $5.17{\pm}1.99{\mu}V$, t = -5.27, p<0.001). Change in heart rate across phases of the stress reactivity test were higher in normal controls than in insomnia patients (stress 1-baseline : $6.48{\pm}0.59$ vs. $3.77{\pm}0.59$, t = 3.22, p = 0.002 ; recovery 1- stress 1 : $-5.36{\pm}0.0.59$ vs. $-3.16{\pm}0.47$, t = 2.91, p = 0.004 ; stress 2-recovery 1 : $8.45{\pm}0.61$ vs. $4.03{\pm}0.47$, t = 5.72, p<0.001 ; recovery 2-stress 2 : $-8.56{\pm}0.65$ vs. $4.02{\pm}0.51$, t = -5.31, p<0.001). Conclusion: Psychophysiological profiles of insomnia patients in a stress reactivity test were different from those of normal healthy controls. These results suggest that the sympathetic nervous system is more highly activated in insomnia patients.