• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.234-240
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• 1994

The essential oils of Thymus quinquecostatus Celakov. and T. magnus Nakai, respectively, were isolated by using a modified Likens-Nickerson type steam distillation and extraction apparatus and analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The oil content of T. quinquecostatus was 1.94%, and that of T. magnus was 1.91% in mixed leaves and stems and 0.68% in flowers. Among 38 components identified in either mixed leaves and stems or flowers the major components in essential oil isolated from T. quinquecostatus were thymol(39.8%), ${\gamma}-terpinene(10.0%)$ ${\rho}cymene(9.2%)$ and camphor(5.9%) while those from mixed leaves and stems of T. magnus were thymoI(54.7%), ${\gamma}-terpinene(15.8%)$, ${\rho}cymene(6.7%)$ and carvacroI(3.2%). The contents of ${\alpha}-pinene$, camphene, camphor, bornyl acetate and ${\alpha}-terpinene+borneol$ were higher in T. quinquecostatus than in T. maglnus but ${\gamma}-terpinene$ and thymol were higher in T. magnus than in T. quinquecostatus. Comparing leaves and stems with flowers in T. magnus, peak area percentage(%) of ${\gamma}-terpinene$, ${\alpha}-terpinene$ were higher in mixed leaves and stems than in flowers, whereas ${\rho}cymene$ was predominantly higher in flowers than in leaves and stems.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.169-177
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• 2014

This study aimed to investigate the relaxation effects and its underlying mechanisms of Epimedium koreanum Nakai(EK) in phenylephrine(PE) treated isolated rabbit corpus cavernosum smooth muscle. The dose-dependent relaxation responses of phenylephrine(PE, $1{\times}10^{-6}M$)-precontracted strips to EK at $0.01-3.0mg/m{\ell}$ were measured and also observed after endothelial denudation using organ bath. To analyze the underlying mechanisms of EK-induced relaxation, $N{\omega}$-nitro-L-arginine(L-NNA), methylene blue(MB), tetraethylammonium chloride(TEA), indomethacin(IM) were pretreated before EK extract infused into precontracted strips induced by PE. To investigate cytotoxic activity and nitric oxide(NO) concentration of EK extract on EA.hy926 cells, mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity(MTT) assay and nitric oxide detection kit were used. The cavernous strips were significantly relaxed by EK extract at $0.3mg/m{\ell}$, $1.0mg/m{\ell}$, $3.0mg/m{\ell}$ and the relaxation responses of PE-precontracted strips denuded endothelium also inhibited in comparison with intact endothelium. The pretreatment of L-NNA, MB, TEA reduced EK extract-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation, but the pretreatment of IM didn't affect EK extract-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation. When EK extract was applicated on EA.hy926 cells, the NO concentration was increased. Our findings have shown that EK extract exerts a relaxing effect on corpus cavernosum in part by suppressing influx of extracellular $Ca^{2+}$ through activating the NO-cGMP system.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2021.04a
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• pp.34-34
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• 2021

과거 식물상에 대한 정보가 없었던 경기도 양주시 장흥면에 위치한 장군봉(425.0 m)의 식물상을 2020년 4월부터 10월까지 총 3회에 걸쳐 조사하였다. 본 조사에서 확인된 조사지 내 관속식물은 양치식물 8과 10속 9종 1변종 10분류군, 나자식물 3과 4속 6종 6분류군, 쌍자엽식물 62과 144속 198종 7아종 16변종 2품종 223분류군, 단자엽식물 6과 29속 38종 1아종 5변종 1픔종 45분류군으로 총 284분류군을 확인할 수 있었다. 장군봉 일대의 특산식물은 은사시나무 (Populus tomentiglandulosa T.B.Lee), 키버들 (Salix koriyanagi Kimura), 병꽃나무 (Weigela subsessilis (Nakai) L.H.Bailey), 백운산원추리 (Hemerocallis hakuunensis Nakai)의 4분류군이 분포하고 있었고 산림청에서 지정한 희귀식물로는 취약종 (VU) 등급의 주목 (Taxus cuspidata Siebold & Zucc.) 1분류군이 확인되었다. 느릅나무 (Ulmus davidiana var. japonica (Rehder) Nakai)를 포함하여 I등급 10종, 함박꽃나무 (Magnolia sieboldii K.Koch) 등 II등급 4종, 병조희풀 (Clematis heracleifolia DC.) 등 III등급 8종, IV등급에 해당하는 바위말발도리 (Deutzia grandiflora var. baroniana Diels) 등 총 25종이 식물구계학적특정종에 속했다. 침입외래식물은 미국자리공 (Phytolacca americana L.), 유럽점나도나물 (Cerastium glomeratum Thuill.), 청비름 (Amaranthus viridis L.) 등 20분류군을 확인할 수 있었고, 생태계교란야생식물인 환삼덩굴 (Humulus japonicus Sieboid & Zucc.), 돼지풀 (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), 단풍잎돼지풀 (Ambrosia trifida L.), 미국쑥부쟁이 (Aster pilosus Willd.)의 4분류군이 확인되었다.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.149-156
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• 2011

The genetic diversity and the genetic relationship among 30 genetic resources of T. officinale and T. coreanum collected from 20 regions in Korea were evaluated by using ISSR markers. Out of 127 loci detected overall, 122 were identified to be polymorphic with a rate of 96.0% at the 30 individuals. The intraspecific polymorphism between T. officinale and T. coreanum was 92.6% and 88.2%, respectively. The genetic similarity matrix (GSM) revealed a wide range of variablility among the 30 accessions, spanning from 0.179 to 922. According to the clustering analysis, different species T. officinale and T. coreanum, were divided into independent groups and all of the accessions could be classified into 7 categories. Especially, all of the mountain collected accessions belonged to independent groups. The study findings indicate that T. officinale and T. coreanum accessions have a high genetic diversity and accordingly carry a germ-plasm qualifying as good genetic resources for breeding.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.72-83
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• 2014

Objective: This study was to evaluate whether herbal mixture (HM-A : Houttuynia cordata Thunberg, Rubus coreanus, Rehmannia glutinosa, Prunus yedoensis, HM-B : Houttuynia cordata Thunberg, Rubus coreanus, Rehmannia glutinosa, Angelica gigas nakai) supresses the development of atopic dermatitis in Balb/c mice sensitized by ovalbumin. Methods: Mice were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin plus aluminum hydroxide hydrate, followed by epicutaneous sensitization for 6 weeks. After induced atopic dermatitis, HM-A and HM-B were orally administrated for two weeks(once a two days) as a 50 mg/kg concentration. After all mice were sacrificed at the end of the experiment, skin and blood were harvested. Results: Oral administration group was reduced the infiltration of eosinophils, mast cells and total T cells on the skin areas as well as blood analysis. Also, cutaneous expression of IL-4,13,17 decreased. Blood IgE level was decreased. Conclusion: These drugs could be potential candidates for the atopic dermatitis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.41-61
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was carried out to present the basic data for constructing a ecological stream, Shindangcheon stream located in Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea. From August 2017 to June 2019, a total of 7 surveys were conducted. The numbers of vascular plants were summarized as 388 taxa including 75 families, 246 genera, 360 species, 4 subspecies, 19 varieties, 2 forms and 3 hybrids. The most families of taxa were Poaceae (59 taxa), Asteraceae (47 taxa), Fabaceae (27 taxa), Rosaceae and Cyperaceae (20 taxa, respectively), and Polygonaceae and Brassicaceae (15 taxa, respectively). The rare plant was Aristolochia contorta Bunge, and the Korean endemic plants were 4 taxa, such as Populus × tomentiglandulosa T.B.Lee, Salix koriyanagi Kimura ex Goerz, Lespedeza maritima Nakai, and Weigela subsessilis (Nakai) L.H.Bailey. The specific plants by floristic region found in this site were 13 taxa comprising 8 taxa of grade I, 4 taxa of grade III, and 1 taxon of grade IV. The naturalized plants were 73 taxa, such as Fallopia dumetorum (L.) Holub, Persicaria orientalis (L.) Spach., Potentilla supina L. var. ternata Pterm., and so forth. The invasive alien plants were 6 taxa, such as Rumex acetosella L., Sicyos angulatus L., Solanum carolinense L., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Lactuca serriola L., and Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) G.L.Nesom..

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.113-117
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• 2016

The biodiversity of endophytic fungi on Thuja koraiensis in Mt. Hwaak, Seorak, and Hambaek, Korea was investigated. For the 202 isolates collected from the host trees, internal transcribed spacer rDNA region sequences-based analysis identified 32 taxa; 61.5% of the isolates belonged to Dothideomycetes, 27.0% belonged to Sordariomycetes, and 11.5% belonged to Leotiomycetes. This composition rate is somewhat different from that reported in previous studies for endophytic fungi inhabiting trees of the family Pinaceae. In particular, Phyllosticta spinarum in Dothideomycetes is a dominant species among the diverse endophytes of T. koraiensis. Therefore, further critical research is required for this species.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1569-1572
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• 2009

The pharmacokinetics of decursin and decursinol angelate (D/DA) were investigated in male SD rats following oral and intravenous administration. D/DA and metabolites obtained from in vitro samples were evaluated by LC/MS. The levels of D/DA and metabolized decursinol in the blood following oral and intravenous administrations declined according to first-order kinetics, with $T_{1/2}$ values of 56.67, 58.01, and 57.22 h, respectively, being observed after administration of a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight. The large intestine was the major site of disposition following oral administration. These data indicate that D/DA is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. In in vitro experiment utilizing liver microsomal protein, the major metabolic reaction of D/DA occurred to change decursinol. The cumulative biliary, urinary, and fecal excretions of D/DA in bile duct-cannulated rats was $36.10{\pm}2.9%$, $25.35{\pm}3.8%$, and $34.20{\pm}3.2%$, respectively, at 72 h after administration. These results indicate that the absorption of D/DA is almost complete, and that its metabolites are primarily excreted into feces through the bile. These results indicate that D/DA is subject to enterohepatic circulation.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.259-263
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• 2007

Trapa pseudoincisa Nakai, an aquatic plant, was extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH, and the concentrated extract was successively partitioned with EtOAc, n-BuOH, and $H_2O$. The EtOAc fraction gave three compounds, which were isolated through the repeated silica gel and ODS column chromatographies. Based on the spectroscopic data obtained from NMR, MS, and IR, the chemical structures of the compounds were determined as cycloeucalenol (1), ursolic acid (2), and 2${\beta}$,3${\alpha}$,23-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (3). These triterpenoids were isolated for the first time from Hydrocaryaceae plants including T. pseudoincisa NAKAI.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.540-543
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• 2007

We have investigated the vegetation in the peninsula located in Ongjeong-Li Seomyeon in Youngweol-gun. Since this is a limestone area, boxtrees, Abelia mosanensis T. H. Chung ex Nakai, and Selaginella stauntoniana Spring were abundant, as these are types of vegetation characteristic of limestone areas. Pinus densiflora S. et Z. was the most dominant woody plant, but vegetational changes, such as the dominance of Quercus variabilis Blume, Quercus dentata Thunb, and Quercus mongolica Fischer, were observed in spots. In particular, the growth of nursery plants of pinus densiflora S. et Z. was not observed, and young trees like Quercus mongolica Fischer grow as low vegetation of Pinus densiflora S. et Z.. Thus, the ecological succession of Quercus mongolica Fischer is predicted. Outside the investigation area, as herbaceous plants, various vegetations were observed, including Selaginella stauntoniana Spring, Thalictrum coreanum H. Lev., Mukdenia rossii(Oliv.) Koidz., Platanthera freynii Kraenzl., Cephalanthera longibracteata Blume, Potentilla dickinsii Franch., Patrinia rupestris(Pall.) Juss., Swertia pseudochinensis H. Hara, Vicia venosa(Willd.) Maxim., Pyrola japonica Klenze ex Alef., Disporum smilacinum A. Gray, Artemisia stolonifera(Maxim.) Kom. for. Stolonifera, Smilax nipponica Miq., Adenophora triphylla var. japonica(Regel) H. Hara, Isodon inflexus(Thunb.) Kudo, Gentiana scabra Bunge for. Scabra, Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum(Miq.) Ohwi, Dioscorea quinqueloba Thunb., Syneilesis palmata(Thunb.) Maxim., Asparagus schoberioides Kunth, Eupatorium japonicum Thunb. ex Murray, Galium kinuta Nakai & Hara, Saxifraga fortunei var. incisolobata, Lilium amabile Palib., Siberian iris, Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz., Atractylodes ovata(Thunb.) DC., and Lysimachia clethroides Duby.