• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.137-151
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• 1988

Thurbulent thermal convection between two plates, bottom plate is at higher temperature $T_{h}$ and the upper plate is at lower temperature $T_{i}$ is numerically investigated. Model equations are abridged Reynolds stress equations; full Reynolds stress equations are simplified to yield algebraic relations in case of mean square velocity fluctuations in vertical and horizontal directions. Boundary conditions for turbulent kinetic energy k and mean square temperature variance .thera.$^{2}$oner bar at the plate surfaces are set to be zero and those of dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy .epsilon. and dissipation rate of mean square temperature variance .epsilon.$_{\theta}$ are assumed at first grid point nearest to the boundary surfaces, whose values are approximated by inviscid estimates. Results show that temperature profiles are in good agreement with experimental data except transition region, in which temperature is over-predicted. Such discrepancy becomes larger as the Rayleigh number becomes smaller. Nusselt numbers, which are calculated from the temperature gradients at the boundary surfaces, are also in good agreement with experimental data.a.a.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2001

It has been known that the ankle arthrodesis is a common surgical procedure for treating the ankle arthrosis and deformity that do not respond to the non-operative treatment. To date, various surgical techniques for the ankle arthrodesis have been reported. Clinical and biomechanical trials have shown that the rigid internal fixation leads the increased rate of the union. The ankle arthrodesis may be complicated with the nonunion, delayed union, malunion, and infection. In cases of the Charcot joint of the ankle in diabetic patients, however, arthrodesis could reduce the disadvantage of the nonoperative treatment, such as the loss of the reduction, progressive collapse, multiple ulcerations and infection. The object of this case report is to report our experience of a successful ankle arthrodesis using an anterior T plate in treating the unstable ankle of a diabetic patient, associated with the ankle fracture and the neuropathy. The surgical approach of this technique is simple so that it would allow less soft tissue injury, and this procedure would be regarded as one alternative to provide the rigid internal fixation in the ankle arthrodesis.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.283-289
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• 2013

The experimental study for the temperature uniformity on the wafer using liquid-vapor phase heat transfer mechanism is performed. For the experiment, the heater plate which is consist of stainless steel container, working fluid and electrical heater is designed, manufactured and tested at the range of 600 to $850^{\circ}C$. The results showed that the phase change type heater plate was much more uniform and stable temperature on the heater plate surface and wafer than the uniform heat flux type heater plate at the atmospheric condition. Also, the results of 300 mm outer diameter of heater plate showed that the same temperature uniformity compared with 230 mm.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.73-81
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• 1995

To find a way for establishing work roll initial crown according to roll conditions, computer simutation for predicting plate crown in plate mill is done and effects of roll conditions on plate crown is analyzed. Toll gap rorfile and plate crown are measured to be compared to the calculated values. As a result, regression equation to establish work roll initial crown according to roll conditions such as backup roll diameter, backup roll crown and work roll diameter is obtained.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.277-278
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• 2006

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.685-686
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• 2009

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.555-560
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• 2003

Fatigue strength of concrete is ususlly presented by the Wohler Curve. But, new dimension T(time) from the view point of cyclic creep concept should be considerd. This paper presented four variable F-N-T-R relationship, this four variable relationship simultaneously accounts for the time effect and the effect of load rate. And analytical models are presented to predict fatigue strength of R/C beam strengthened with steel plate and carbon fiber sheet. Also, the correlation between the ratio of stress and the fatigue life was investigated.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.612-618
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• 2009

The objective of this study was to determine the antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of garlic juice and onion juice in emulsified sausage during cold storage. The sausages were into five groups: control, 1% garlic juice (T1), 3% garlic juice (T2), 1% onion juice (T3), and 3% onion juice (T4). Each sausage type was tested in triplicate and assigned to one of four storage periods: 0, 7, 14 and 21 days. As storage time increased, the presence of garlic juice and onion juice resulted in decreased pH, residual nitrite value, and increased peroxide value, TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) values, and total plate counts. The pH value, peroxide value, TBARS, residual nitrite and total plate counts were significantly decreased by the addition of garlic and onion juice relative to the control (p<0.05). Especially, T2 was significantly (p<0.05) more effective in delaying lipid oxidation compared to the other treatment groups. However, no significant difference (p<0.05) was found in total plate counts among all the formulations on day 0. Also, the use of garlic juice resulted in much better antioxidant and antimicrobial effects than the use of onion juice and the control. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the addition of 3% garlic juice (T2) to emulsified sausages tended to improve antioxidative and antimicrobial effects during storage relative to the other treatment groups.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.221-229
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• 2008

An improved unbonded-type column strengthening procedure using wire rope and T-shaped steel plate units was proposed. Eight strengthened columns and an unstrengthened control column were tested under concentric axial load. The main variables considered were the volume ratio of wire rope and the flange width and configuration of T-shaped steel plates. Axial load capacity and ductility ratio of columns tested were compared with predictions obtained from the equation specified in ACI 318-05 and those of conventionally tied columns tested by Chung et al., respectively. In addition, a mathematical model was proposed to evaluate the complete stress-strain relationship of concrete confined by the wire rope and T-plate units. Test results showed that the axial load capacity and ductility of columns increased with the increase of the volume ratio of wire rope and the flange width of T-plates. In particular, at the same lateral reinforcement index, a much higher ductility ratio was observed in the strengthened columns having the volume ratio of wire rope above 0.0039 than in the tied columns. A mathematical model for the stress-strain relationship of confined concrete using the proposed strengthening procedure is developed. The predicted stress-strain curves were in good agreement with test results.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.691-712
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• 2016

In this editorial, buckling analytical investigation of the nanocomposite plate with square cut out reinforced by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) surrounded by Pasternak foundation is considered. The plate is presumed has square cut out in center and resting on Pasternak foundation. CNTs are used as amplifier in plate for diverse distribution, such as uniform distribution (UD) and three patterns of functionally graded (FG) distribution types of CNTs (FG-X, FG-A and FG-O). Moreover, the effective mechanical properties of nanocomposite plate are calculated from the rule of mixture. Domain decomposition method and orthogonal polynomials are applied in order to define the shape function of nanocomposite plate with square cut out. Finally, Rayleigh-Ritz energy method is used to obtain critical buckling load of system. A detailed parametric study is conducted to explicit the effects of the dimensions of plate, length of square cut out, different distribution of CNTs, elastic medium and volume fraction of CNTs. It is found from results that increase the dimensions of plate and length of square cut out have negative impact on buckling behavior of system but considering CNTs in plate has positive influence.