• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.147-156
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• 2001

Objectives: In order to investigate personality of oriental medical students by MMPI elementarily. Methods: This study was done by comparing the score of MMPI and Sasang questionnaire. The scores of MMPI and Sasang were verified by examination of T-test and Tukey's HSD Procedure. Results: 1. According to comparison between male and female, there is no meaning. But between unmarried group and married group, there is a difference of MMPI T-scores for L, K-scale significantly. 2. In the distinction of sex and marriage between A group and B group, the MMPI T-scores of male and unmarried group have more significance on the various scale. 3. According to comparative anaylsis of MMPI and Sasang questionnaire, Um group(Tae-um, So-um group) showed significant results in D(Depression), PT(Psychasthenia), SI(Social Introversion) scales of the MMPI. 4. In comparison between the temperament of Sasang and analysis of MMPI profile, Tae-um and So-um groups showed many similarities. Conclusion: According to the above results, it is considered that MMPI can be applied to classification of constitution.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.167-177
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• 2000

In this thesis we concerned with the degree of similarity in pairs of scores having a common mean and variance could express similarity in terms of the absolute difference between the standardized scores. We particulary discussed the distribution of absolute differences between pairs of T scores among many standardized scores and demonstrated the procedures for calculating the lower limit of Med(│d│) values i. e. the maximum possible similarity with medians and correlation coefficients of the equivalent form tests by using the folded normal distribution, although other researchers expressed the degree of similarity using only the standard normal distribution. We also described many cases how to use those techniques and to apply effectively them in real evaluation fields.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.559-566
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• 2020

Background Infraorbital nerve dysfunction is commonly reported after zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures. We evaluated sensory changes in four designated areas (eyelid, nose, zygoma, and lip) innervated by the infraorbital nerve. This evaluation was conducted using the static two-point discrimination test and the vibration threshold test. We assessed the diagnostic significance of the blink reflex in patients with infraorbital nerve dysfunction. Methods This study included 18 patients, all of whom complained of some degree of infraorbital nerve dysfunction preoperatively. A visual analog scale, the infraorbital blink reflex, static two-point discrimination, and the vibration threshold were assessed preoperatively, at 1 month postoperatively (T1), and at a final follow-up that took place at least 4 months postoperatively (T4). The results were analyzed using a multilevel generalized linear mixed model. Results Scores on the visual analog scale significantly improved at T1 and T4. The infraorbital blink reflex significantly improved at T4. Visual analog scale scores improved more rapidly than the infraorbital blink reflex. Two-point discrimination significantly improved in all areas at T4, and the vibration perception threshold significantly improved in the eyelid at T4. Conclusions Recovery of the infraorbital blink reflex reflected the recovery of infraorbital nerve dysfunction. We also determined that the lip tended to recover later than the other areas innervated by the infraorbital nerve.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.7-19
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate and assess the response capabilities and educational needs of 119 emergency medical technicians (EMTs) in chemical accidents. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 167 119 EMTs between December 1st and December 31, 2023. The questionnaire comprised 8 questions on general characteristics, 2 on chemical accidents experienced by the participants, 29 on response capabilities, and 15 on educational needs. Data analysis was performed using t-tests, analysis of variance, Duncan's test for post-hoc analysis, and Pearson's correlation coefficient, using SPSS 27.0. Results: The participants scored 2.69 points on response capacity to chemical accidents. The EMT-Paramedics scored high in 'patient triage,' 'patient treatment,' 'patient transport,' and 'collaborative support' (F=3.924, p=.010; F=5.843, p=.001; F=3.698, p=.013; F=5.272, p=.002), followed by educational experience (t=-4.962, p<.001; t=-2.685, p=.008; t=-3.455, p=.001; t=-3.593, p<.001; t=-3.034, p=.003). The participants scored 4.19 points on educational needs, with high scores for 'patients treatment and transport' (4.280.93). The scores for 'patient triage competency', and 'patient triage' (r=.169, p=.024) correlated positively. Furthermore, the scores for 'patient treatment competency' and all sub-factors of educational needs (r=.185, p=.013; r=.215, p=.004; r=.199, p=.008; r=.190, p=.011; r=.197, p=.008) correlated positively. Conclusion: To strengthen the response capabilities of 119 EMTs, it is imperative to develop an educational program that focuses on first-aid responses.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.195-199
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• 2007

Objective : Bilateral laminotomy and unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression are becoming the minimally invasive procedures for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). With the aim of less invasiveness and better preservation of spinal stability. these techniques have been developed. But there are no large randomized studies to show the surgical results between these two techniques. The objective of this study was to examine the safety and efficacy of these two minimally invasive techniques. Methods : A total of 80 patients were included in this study (Group I : bilateral laminotomy, Group II : Unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression). Perioperative parameters and complications were analyzed. Symptoms and scores such as visual analog scale (VAS) scores, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores, and SF-36 scores of prospectively accrued patients were assessed preoperatively and at 1 month and 12 months after surgery. Paired-t test, two-sample student-t tests, and non parametric tests were used to determine cross-sectional differences between two groups. Results : No major complications such as spinal instability or deaths occurred during follow-up periods. VAS, ODI scores and SF-36 body pain and physical function scores showed statistically significant improvements in both groups (p<0.001). The significant widening of the spinal canal diameter was also noted in both groups. But, in Group II. there were minor postoperative complications such as dural tear (2 cases 5.0%), fracture of ipsilateral inferior facet (1 case 2.5%), and 5 cases of transient leg symptoms of contralateral side. Conclusion : Both bilateral laminotomy and unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression allow achievement of adequate and long-lasting operative results in patients with LSS. But postoperative complications are more frequent in Group II (unilateral laminotomy and bilateral decompression). These results indicate that bilateral laminotomy is the preferred minimally invasive technique to treat symptomatic LSS.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.201-206
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• 2012

Objective: To determine the changes in dental anxiety, state anxiety, and trait anxiety levels of patients and their parents after 3 months of active orthodontic treatment. Methods: We evaluated 120 patients and one parent of each patient. State Anxiety (STAI-S), Trait Anxiety (STAI-T), and Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) were administered before orthodontic treatment (T1) and after 3 months of treatment (T2). Differences in scores between T1 and T2 were compared using paired-sample t-tests and the relationship between the scores of the DAS and the STAI were analyzed using a bivariate two-tailed Pearson correlation test. Results: Dental anxiety and state anxiety levels decreased among the patients after adjustment to orthodontic treatment (p < 0.001). However, 3 months of treatment was not sufficient to decrease the anxiety levels of parents (p > 0.05). Patient trait anxiety affected patient state anxiety and dental anxiety (p < 0.01). Additionally, a significant correlation was found between patient dental anxiety and parent dental anxiety (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Dental anxiety and state anxiety levels decrease after patients become familiar with their orthodontist and they became accustomed to orthodontic treatment. However, 3 months is not a sufficient length of time to decrease parental anxiety levels.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.433-445
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine relationships between critical thinking disposition and multiple intelligences. Method: Participants were nursing students (N=186) who completed a questionnaire assessing critical thinking disposition and multiple intelligences. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance with post hoc comparison, and Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: For type of multiple intelligences, 32.9% of students had the strongest fit for "interpersonal intelligence" type and 20.1% for "intrapersonal intelligence" type. Mean score for critical thinking disposition was $3.42{\pm}0.37$. Factors related to critical thinking disposition were participation in club activities (F=5.962, p=.001) with a representative role in the club (t=2.140, p=.034). There were significant differences in interpersonal intelligence scores by personality traits (t=2.445, p=.015), participation in club activities (F=10.003, p<.001), and friendship (t=2.539, p=.012); and significant differences in intrapersonal intelligence scores by participation in club activities (F=3.862, p=.010), having a representative role in the club (t=2.101, p=.037), and friendship (t=2.220, p=.029). Conclusion: Results indicate that critical thinking disposition is significantly associated with multiple intelligences and suggest that multiple intelligences should be considered to enhance critical thinking disposition when tailored teaching is adopted in nursing education.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.53-66
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• 2004

Purpose: To compare differences in BMI, body weight perception and satisfaction, and eating behavior by gender among middle school students. Methods: From 19 middle schools in W city four classes in two middle schools were selected by cluster sampling with multi-stage sampling. A structured questionnaire was answered by 143 adolescents. Results: Differences in BMI between boys and girls were significant (x$^2$=13.15, p=.00l). Boys reported higher ideal body weight than girls (t=6.33, p<.000l), and discrepancy between ideal body weight and body weight perception in girls was significantly greater than in boys(t=-5.0l, p<.0001). There was no significant gender difference in body weight perception but more boys were satisfied with their body weight(t=-4.48, p<.0001). Comparison of eating behavior showed that girls reported high scores in disinhibition (t=-2.29, p<.05) and hunger (t=-2.81, p<.01), while boys reported higher scores in cognitive restraints (t=3.22, p<.01). Conclusion: Interventions to help girls improve body image and satisfaction with body image are crucial. In order to establish proper diet habits and balanced nutritional status for adolescents, educational interventions should address characteristics of eating behaviors.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.92-103
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effects of simulation integrated with problem based learning (S-PBL) according to the sequences of problem-based learning (PBL) and high fidelity simulation training (HFS) on knowledge, clinical performance, clinical judgment, self-confidence, and satisfaction in fourth-grade nursing students. Methods: In this randomized crossover design study, four S-PBLs on medical-surgical nursing were applied alternatively to two randomly-assigned groups of 26 senior nursing students for 8 weeks. The collected data were analyzed using an independent t-test. Results: The method of administering PBL prior to HFS led to significantly higher scores on knowledge (t=2.28, p=.025) as compared to the method of administering HFS prior to PBL. However, the latter method led to significantly higher scores on clinical performance (t=-6.49, p<.001) and clinical judgment (t=-4.71, p<.001) as compared to the method of administering PBL prior to HFS. There were no differences in the effect of the two methods on self-confidence (t=1.53, p=.128) and satisfaction (t=1.28, p=.202). Conclusion: The integration sequences of S-PBL was associated with different learning outcomes. Therefore, when implementing S-PBL, it is necessary to consider the educational goal to executes an appropriate sequence of integration.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.431-452
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• 1993

This study was done to determine the effect of music therapy on stress and quality of life in patients undergoing hemodialysis. The research design was a nonequivalent control group pre -post test design. The subjects consisted of 21 patients who received hemodialysis in two hospitals located in Kwang Ju. The fourteen receiving treatment in one hospital were assigned to the experimental group and the seven in the other hospital to the control group. Data were gathered from December 14, 1992 to January 16, 1993 through questionnaires and physiological measurement. Data were analyzed by the SAS package using frequency, t-test, paired t-test and Pearson Prod uct - Moment Correlation Coefficient. The results of this study are summarized as follows ; 1. There were no significant differences between the two groups on stress scores and quality of life scores before the treatment. 2. The mean score on the psychological stress scale for the patients undergoing hemodialysis was 2.48 out of a maximum mean score of four, the items with high stress scores were “feeling of weakness and annoyed by everything”, “limitation of food”, “limitation of fluid”, “change in skin color” in that order. The psychological category showed the highest stress score followed by developmental, scoioeconomic and physiological stress categories in that order. 3. In the experimental group, post - test diastolic blood pressure decerased significantly(t=3.24, p=0.0064), but in the control group pre and post - test diastolic blood pressure were not different. 4. There was no difference between the two groups on the pre and post -test psychological stress scores or the depression scores. 5. The mean score of quality of life for patients undergoing hemodialysis was 2.75 out of a maxi-mum mean score of five. The category of ‘emtional state’ showed the highest score followed by ‘self - esteem’, ‘physical state and function’, ‘economic life’, ‘relationship with neighbors’ and ‘family relationship’ categories in that order. There was no significant difference in the pre and post - test quality of life scores between the two groups. 6. Hypothesis 1 that patients undergoing hemodialysis who received music therapy would have less stress than patients undergoing hemodialysis who did not receive music therapy is divided into two sub - hypotheses. 1) The first sub-hypothesis that patients undergoing hemodialysis who received music therapy would have less physiological stress than patients undergoing hemodialysis who did not receive music therapy was partly supported. Among three physiological stress indices (pulse, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure), only diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly after the treatment in the experimental group. 2) The second sub-hypothesis that patients undergoing hemodialysis who received music therapy would have less psychological stress than patients undergoing hemodialysis who did not receive music therapy was not supported. Psychological stress score and depression score were not significantly different before and after the treatment. 7. Hypothesis 2 that patients undergoing hemodialysis who received music therapy would have a higher quality of life score than patients undergoing. hemodialysis who did not received music therapy was not supported. There were no significant changes in the quality of life scores before and after the treatment.