• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.125-130
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• 2007

The development of resistance to acequinocyl was found in the population of the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, collected from rose greenhouses in Gimhae, Gyeongnam province in January 2001. This pest is reared on 5 years treated with acequinocyl (over 200 times), and increased 87.8 folds in resistance as compared to susceptible strain (S). Inheritance of acequinocyl resistant strain (R) and cross resistance of this strain to 8 acaricides against T. urticae adults and eggs was investigated. There were differences of susceptibility in the acequinocyl concentration-mortality relationships in $F_1$ progenies obtained from reciprocal cross with the S and R strain ($S(female){\times}R(male)$, $R(female){\times}S(male)$). Degrees of dominance were -0.75, -0.57 in $F_1$ progenies of adult and egg of $S(female){\times}R(male)$. Inheritance in $F_1$ progenies of $S(female){\times}R(male)$ was incomplete recessive. Degree of dominance were 0.81, 0.45 in $F_1$ progenies of adult and egg of $R(female){\times}S(male)$, respectively. These results suggest that inheritance of acequinocyl resistance is controlled by a complete dominance. The R strain exhibited cross resistance of 1.1 and 0.9 fold to amitraz, bifenazate, and negatively correlated cross resistance of 0.08 fold to emamectin benzoate in adult females. The R strain showed cross resistance of 37.7, 14.0, and 26.2 fold to amitraz, milbemectin and spriodiclofen in eggs, respectively. Particularly it showed high levels of cross-resistance to pyridaben with 6538.3 fold. These chemicals showed negatively correlated cross-resistance exhibited 0.4, 0.3, and 0.2 fold to ahamectin, bifenazate, and emamectin benzoate in eggs.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to find out the suicide ideation of high school students in urban and rural areas, and especially to research the relationship between suicide ideation, and general characteristics, characteristics of school life, and empirical characteristics of suicide. Methods: This research targeted four urban and four rural high schools in two cities. The study subjects were 1,114 students in urban area and 968 students in rural area, total 2,082 students. The survey was conducted from July 1, 2009 to July 31, 2009. For statistical analysis, chi-square test, t-test and ANOVA were used for investigating related factors with suicide ideation in urban and rural areas, respectively, with multiple logistic regression for multivariate analysis. Results: The results showed that 38.8% of respondents had suicide ideation within 1 year. The percentage of female students (44.8%) was significantly higher than that of male students (33.4%). However, there was no significant difference between urban (38.0%) and rural area (39.9%). The significant influencing factors on suicide ideation in multiple logistic regression were gender [female student OR(odds ratio)=1.80 (95% CI 1.31-2.47) compared with male student] and grade [second year OR=1.40 (95% CI 0.98-2.00), third year OR=2.15 (95% CI 1.49-3.12) compared with first year] in urban area. Those in rural area were gender [female student OR(odds ratio)=2.71 (95% CI 1.23-2.38) compared with male student], economic deterioration [yes OR=1.81 (95% CI 1.24-2.64) compared with no], and grade [second year OR=2.80 (95% CI 1.82-4.32), third year OR=3.84 (95% CI 2.52-5.87) compared with first year]. Conclusions: This study showed about 40% of high school students had suicide ideation within 1 year. A suicide prevention program may be implemented considering factors related with suicide ideation identified in this study.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.393-409
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• 2003

In this paper, we present a multi-task debugging environment for Qplus-T embedded-system such as internet information appliances. We will propose the structure and functions of a remote multi-task debugging environment supporting environment effective ross-development. And, we are going enhance the communication architecture between the host and target system to provide more efficient cross-development environment. The remote development toolset called Q+Esto consists to several independent support tools: an interactive shell, a remote debugger, a resource monitor, a target manager and a debug agent. Excepting a debug agent, all these support tools reside on the host systems. Using the remote multi-task debugger on the host, the developer can spawn and debug tasks on the target run-time system. It can also be attached to already-running tasks spawned from the application or from interactive shell. Application code can be viewed as C/C++ source, or as assembly-level code. It incorporates a variety of display windows for source, registers, local/global variables, stack frame, memory, event traces and so on. The target manager implements common functions that are shared by Q+Esto tools, e.g., the host-target communication, object file loading, and management of target-resident host tool´s memory pool and target system´s symbol-table, and so on. These functions are called OPEn C APIs and they greatly improve the extensibility of the Q+Esto Toolset. The Q+Esto target manager is responsible for communicating between host and target system. Also, there exist a counterpart on the target system communicating with the host target manager, which is called debug agent. Debug agent is a daemon task on real-time operating systems in the target system. It gets debugging requests from the host tools including debugger via target manager, interprets the requests, executes them and sends the results to the host.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-3
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• 1979

The sand-eel, Ammodytes personatus GIRARD, "Kka-na-ri" is an important commercial fish inhabiting the coastal waters of Korea. The numbers of vertebrae (except urostyle) waR statistically analysezed based on the samples collected at three major fishing localitie" Jumunjin (East Sea), Geoje Island (southern coast) and Baegryeong Island (Yellow Sea) from May 1978 to June 1979. It was found that there was a very distinct difference in the numbers of vertebrae in the samples.rae in the samples.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2022

Recently, the introduction of Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) has been attempted to solve the limitation of only the sensor of the vehicle itself. For example, vehicles traveling at intersections can drive more safely through C-ITS. By using V2X communication of WAVE and LTE, the driver can receive the status and time of traffic lights. However, LTE has a larger transmission delay time than WAVE, so timimg data may not match in real time. In this paper, using the SPaT message, it was confirmed that LTE has a larger C-ITS service transmission delay time than WAVE. Finally, it was confirmed that the timing data of SPaT provided by LTE corrected by the algorithm is similar to SPaT provided by WAVE. It was confirmed that safer intersection driving is possible based on real-time.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.158-162
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• 2004

The over-preparation of blood for elective surgery causes some problems such as returning of blood, inefficient task and loss of reagents. In recent blood transfusion practice, there has been changing patterns of blood use in elective surgery as various side effects of transfusion have become known and operation techniques are developed. This study was performed to evaluate the optimal utilization of blood for various elective and/or emergency surgery. We surveyed the quantity of blood transmitted to wards, returned to blood bank, and the number of crossmatching test done for the elective surgery of the patients at the D. University Hospital, the tertiary teaching hospital from August 1, 2001 to October 31, 2001. Crossmatched to transfusion ratio (C/T ratio) was calculated, in which C means the unit of accomplished crossmatching test and T means the unit of transfused blood component. The unit of transfused blood was analysed in terms of issuing time, sex, age, clinical department, and blood component type. The usage of bloods for the emergency surgery was also analyzed. In our study, C/T ratio was highest on Monday (1.54) and Tuesday (1.53), and higher in female patients(1.54) than in male patients (1.32). No significant relationship was observed between age groups. Among clinical departments, thoracic and cardiovascular surgery showed the highest C/T ratio (1.54). From above results, we could be sure that the management of transfusion practice was relatively appropriate in recent years, although the entire introduction of type and screen (T&S) method was desirable. If the T&S method is performed, the C/T ratio would be almost 1.00 and it would also relieve the duty of blood bank.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.83-92
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• 1988

혈액에서 생물학적 활성을 나타내는 (bioavailable) steroid hormone은 주로 비결합형(free form)과 알부민 결합형(albumin-bound form)으로 구성된다. 특히 Testosterone (T)과 5 alpha-Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)의 활성적 분획이 전체의 T, DHT 양에 비해 생리적 현상과 보다 잘 일치하는 것으로 알려지고 있다. 본 연구는 섬광면역측정법(Luminescence immunoassay, LIA)으로 혈청내 활성적 T 및 DHT의 농도의 측정에 이용하고져 하였다. 항체는 T- 또는 DHT-3-CMO-BSA를 항원으로 토끼에 면역주사하여 얻었다. 추적자는 T-3-CMO, DHT-3-CMO에 aminobutylethylisoluminol(ABEI)를 부착시켜 사용하였다. 항체중 IgG분획을 Protein-A-Sepharose CL-4B로 분리한 후 Immunobead(Bio-Rad)에 부착시켜 Solid-phase LIA를 실시하였다. 본 연구에서 LIA는 정확도(accuracy), 정밀도(precision), 감도(sensitivity), 교차반응도(specificity)등을 조사하고, 기존의 방사면역측정법(RIA)과 비교하여 만족할만한 결과를 얻었다. 혈청내 T및 DHT의 활성적 분획의 농도를 측정한 결과는 다음과 같았다. T의 경우는 남성에서 T의 전체량의 33% 이상으로 $7.1{\pm}1.5nmol/l$, 여성에서는 26% 이상으로 $0.28{\pm}0.05nmol/l$이었다. DHT의 활성적 분획은 남성의 경우 $601.7{\pm}85.8pmol/l$, 여성의경우 $52.4{\pm}19.9\;pmol/l$이었다. 이상의 결과를 보아 본 연구에서 이용된 LIA는 혈청내 활성적 농도를 측정하기에 충분하다고 사료된다. 또한 이 방법을 이용하여 여성의 Androgenicity 및 남성 정소기능등의 제어방법에 응용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.483-494
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• 1993

Cell surface antigenic relationships between pathogenic mycobacteria have been investigated by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using phenolkilled cells and their rabbits antisera. Homologous and heterologous reactions of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare antisera before and after homologous and heterologous absorption revealed a close antigenic relationship between strains of the same species and between species if they were members of M. avium(MA)-intracellulare(MI)-scrofulaceum(MG) complex. MAI sera showed a considerable reaction with M. kansasii(MK) and tuberculosis(MTB), but not with the other species. MA(K40004) antiserum reacted with other mycobacteria except few strains of MI and 50~89% of homologous reaction was reduced by heterologous absorption with cells of MI or MS. Intraspecific reaction of MI antisera was natural1y stronger than interspecific reaction and different in extent due to a magnitude of antigenic sharing. Antigenic relationships between N-260D, N-260R, N-260T, and K41014 was somewhat closer than that with N-242D, N-257T, N-28ID, and N-275T. M. nonchromogenicum(MNC) antisera showed a strong interspecific reaction with exception of M. chelonei(MC) and triviale(MTV) to which they reacted weakly or none. Antigenic sharing with M. terrae(MTR) and MG(K30003) was next to intraspecific sharing. NC-3 shared antigens considerably with MA, MC, and M. fortuitum(MF) while NC-11 did not. MTR antisera showed a strong cross-reaction with MI but their homologous reaction was not reduced by MI absorption indicating a paucity of shared antigen of MTR surface. Intraspecific antigenic sharing of course was large with on exception between T-8 and T-13. A considerable amount of antigenic sharing was also found with MNC, MC and MF. Unlike T-8 serum, T-13 antiserum strongly cross-reacted with MA, MG, MK, and MTB. In general, antigenic relationships of mycobacteria, that have been elucidated in this study, well conformed to taxons delineated by the various biological and biochemical means.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.269-275
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• 1998

Anti-Neospora caninum antibody was detected in anti-Toxoplasma gondii positive and negative human sera by ELISA, western blot and immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Twelve cases out of 172 (6.7％) Toxoplasma-positive sera cross-reacted with both T. gondii and N. caninum antigens, and one out of 110 Toxoplasma-negative sera reacted with N. caninum antigen by ELISA. By western blot, all 12 sera reacted with T. gondii antigens with various banding patterns but specifically at 30 kDa (SAG 1), and 22 kDa （SAG2) bands. With N. caninum antigen, the number of reactive bands was reduced, however a 43 kDa band reacted in three cases in Toxoplasma-positive sera in addition to one in Toxoplasma-negative control sera. All sera of the Toxoplasma-positive group labeled surface membrane of T. gondii, but reacted differently with N. caninum. Fluorescence was detected in surface membrane, subcellular organelles, or both in N. caninum. And one case in the Toxoplasma-negative group also reacted with N. caninum strongly in subcellular organelles. This suggested that the antibody against N. caninum may be present in human sera although the positive rate was very low in this study. The possibility of human infection with N. caninum remains to be evaluated further.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.395-408
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• 2020

This paper aims to develop and apply three different machine learning approaches (i.e., artificial neural networks (ANN), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS), and wavelet-based neural networks (WNN)) combined with an evolutionary optimization algorithm and the k-fold cross validation for multi-step (days) streamflow forecasting at the catchment located in Algeria, North Africa. The ANN and ANFIS models yielded similar performances, based on four different statistical indices (i.e., root mean squared error (RMSE), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), correlation coefficient (R), and peak flow criteria (PFC)) for training and testing phases. The values of RMSE and PFC for the WNN model (e.g., RMSE = 8.590 ㎥/sec, PFC = 0.252 for (t+1) day, testing phase) were lower than those of ANN (e.g., RMSE = 19.120 ㎥/sec, PFC = 0.446 for (t+1) day, testing phase) and ANFIS (e.g., RMSE = 18.520 ㎥/sec, PFC = 0.444 for (t+1) day, testing phase) models, while the values of NSE and R for WNN model were higher than those of ANNs and ANFIS models. Therefore, the new approach can be a robust tool for multi-step (days) streamflow forecasting in the Seybous River, Algeria.