• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.575-581
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• 2010

Kidney bean was used in the brewing of Takju. The Takju formed varied the percentage of kidney bean used; that is, 0%(only rice) in $T_{-1}$, 100%(only kidney bean) in $T_{-2}$, 90% in $T_{-3}$, 80% in $T_{-4}$, 70% in $T_{-5}$, 60% in $T_{-6}$, and 50% in $T_{-7}$. We determined the total sugar, pH, reducing sugar, alcohol production, acidity, and DPPH free radical scavenging activity of Takju. The acidic value of $T_{-1}$ was above that of $T_{-6}$, and the pH of $T_{-2}$ was above that of $T_{-1}$. Both satisfy the food code parameters (namely, below 0.5 in acidity, 3.8~4.7 in pH). The alcohol production of $T_{-1}$ was above that of $T_{-2}$. For 2 days of fermentation, the reducing sugar of $T_{-1}$ totaled 2, down from 4.96%. After fermentation, there was not much difference from 4 to 12 days. The antioxidative effect of $T_{-1}$ proved to be much better than those of the other. Thus, we can be seen that these results thus indicate that the role of kidney bean added to Takju show good antioxidative activity. From the result of sensory test, we also concluded that the taste of Takju kidney bean is very similar to that of Takju with rice.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.3
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• pp.443-452
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• 1996

A study has been made to estimate biomass and NPP based on equation form of $Wt=aD^bH^c$ for Quercus variabilis and Quercus mongolica natural stands(Mean age; 67, 62yrs old) in Chungju. Equation form of $Wt=aD^bH^c$ was more adequate than $Wt=a(D^2H)^b$ and $Wt=aD^b$ for the estimation of the biomass and NPP. Individual biomass was compared using a paired t-test by tree component which showed no significant differences. Total aboveground biomass of Quercus mongolica was 130.6 t/ha and that of Quercus variabilis was 137.4 t/ha. Biomass of Q. mongolica was composed of foliage 5.1 t/ha(3.9%), dead branch 3.5 t/ha(2.7%), live branch 29.7 t/ha(23.0%), bolebark 16.2 t/ha(12.5%), and bolewood 74.9 t/ha(58.0%), and that of Q. variabilis was composed of foliage 3.8 t/ha(2.9%), dead branch 2.9 t/ha(2.2%), live branch 24.3 t/ha(18.4%), bolebark 20.4 t/ha(15.5%), and bolewood 80.4 t/ha(61.0%). Net primary production was 10.0 t/ha/yr in the Q. mongolica stand and 8.6 t/ha/yr in the Q. variabilis stand, respectively. Net primary production of Quercus forest in Chungju was very close to the mean NPP of the broadleaved forest of temperate zone.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.193-199
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• 2018

In this research, 15 patients were diagnosed with 1.5T and 3.0T MRI instruments (Philips, Medical System, Achieva) to minize Ferromagnetic artifact and find the optimized Tesla. Based on the theory that the 3.0T, when compared to 1.5T, show relatively high signal-to-ratio(SNR), Scan time can be shortened or adjust the image resolution. However, when using the 3.0T MRI instruments, various artifact due to the magnetic field difference can degrade the diagnostic information. For the analysis condition, area of interest is set at the background of the T1, T2 sagittal image followed by evaluation of L3, L4, L5 SNR, length of 3 parts with Ferromagnetic artifact, and Histogram. The validity evaluation was performed by using the independent t test. As a result, for the SNR evaluation, mere difference in value was observed for L3 between 1.5T and 3.0T, while big differences were observed for both L4, and L5(p<0.05). Shorter length was observed for the 1.5T when observing 3 parts with Ferromagnetic artifact, thus we can conclude that 3.0T can provide more information on about peripheral tissue diagnostic information(p<0.05). Finally, 1.5T showed higher counts values for the Histogram evaluation(p<0.05). As a result, when we have compared the 1.5T and 3.0T with SNR, length of Ferromagnetic artifact, Histogram, we believe that using a Low Tesla for Spine MRI test can achieve the optimal image information for patients with disk operation like PLIF, etc. in the past.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.30-38
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• 2018

This study was conducted to explore the effects of seeding rate of a seed mixture on grassland productivity and botanical composition. Seeding rates were composed of four different treatments varying by the amount of seed: T1, 50% decrease in seeding rate from standard; T2, standard seeding rate; T3, 50% increase in seeding rate from standard; and T4, 100% increase in seeding rate from standard. In 2016, seasonal changes in grass botanical composition revealed T2, T3, and T4 in portion of grass ratio were the highest with a range of 87-100%, whereas T1 was the lowest of all treatments. In 2017, the botanical composition in T1 showed that the grass ratio in of the first cutting was 91%, but in the fourth cutting its ratio decreased by 75%. The results from both years were combined for each treatment, T4 ($11,435kg\;ha^{-1}$) and T3 ($11,162kg\;ha^{-1}$) demonstrated the highest dry matter yield of the treatments (T1: $8,196kg\;ha^{-1}$; T2: $9,521kg\;ha^{-1}$) (p<0.05). As a result, a 50-100% increase in the seeding rate from the standard demonstrated the best grassland yield and botanical composition.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2013

This study was carried out to determine the optimum harvest stage of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam., IRG) for maximum forage production during the spring season in Suwon, 2010. The variety of IRG was the early maturity type, 'Kowinearly', and six harvest stages (treatments) were first heading (T1), heading (T2), late heading to early bloom (T3), bloom to late bloom (T4), ripeness (T5), and late ripeness stage (T6). The dates of the first heading and heading of 'Kowinearly' were seen on 4 to 5 May, and 14 May, respectively. Plant length and dry matter (DM) percentage at first harvest were from 69 cm and 14.8% at T1 stage to 103 cm and 35.0% at T6 stage, respectively. The content of crude protein (CP) and in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) of T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 at first harvest were 15.6%, 10.6%, 10.1%, 8.1%, 7.3% and 5.4%, and 81.8%, 72.1%, 64.8%, 63.8%, 61.4% and 59.0%, respectively. The content of neural detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were increased continuously with delayed harvest. A significantly higher yield of DM, CP and in vitro digestible DM (IVDDM) were observed for T3, and T4 (p<0.05). DM yield of 3,526 kg, 6,278 kg, 7,842 kg, 8,984 kg, 8,346 kg and 8,008 kg/ha, CP yield of 549 kg, 665 kg, 795 kg, 725 kg, 608 kg and 430 kg/ha, and IVDDM of 2,883 kg. 4,526 kg, 5,083 kg, 5,728 kg, 5,124 kg and 4,722 kg/ha at first harvest were recorded in T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6, respectively. Regrowth yield of DM, CP and IVDDM were shown to be higher at T1 and T2 (p<0.05). However, no significant differences were observed between the two stages. Daily DM and DDM production of regrowth IRG were higher at T2, followed by T1. The total yield (at first and at regrowth) of DM, CP and IVDDM were significant higher for T2, followed by T3, T4 and T1 in order. At T2 stage, the yield was 11,089 kg, 1,254 kg, and 7,669 kg/ha in DM, CP, and IVDDM. In conclusion, the late heading to bloom stage was determined to be the optimum harvest stage for a single harvest, while the heading stage was a suitable stage of first harvest of 'Kowinearly' where two harvests were sought in a single year.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.469-472
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• 2003

The rice bran has been known to contain tocopherols and tocotrienols carrying antioxidant and cholesterol-lowing activities. The content of 8 isomers of vitamin E : $\alpha\textrm{-}$, $\beta\textrm{-}$, $\gamma\textrm{-}$, $\delta\textrm{-}$tocoperols (T) and tocotrienols ($\textrm{T}_3$) were extracted from 18 major rice varieties and quantified with an HPLC. Tested varieties exhibited T, $\textrm{T}_3$ and total vitamin E ($\textrm{TT}_3$) contents ranging 9.1-14.8, 22.4-37.1, 34.9-46.5 mg/100g with averages of 11.1, 28.0, 39.2 mg/100g, respectively. Among tested varieties, Seojinbyeo and Hwasungbyeo showed high T contents and Andabyeo, Damakum were high in $\textrm{T}_3$, and Andabyeo and Seojinbyeo were high in total $\textrm{TT}_3$ contents. Regardless of varieties, the average 8 isomer contents (in mg/100g) were in descending order of $\gamma\textrm{-}$$\textrm{T}_3$(17.9) ＞$\alpha\textrm{-}$$\textrm{T}_3$(8.8) ＞$\alpha\textrm{-}$T (7.8) ＞$\gamma\textrm{-}$T(2.6) ＞$\delta\textrm{-}$$\textrm{T}_3$ (0.9)＞$\beta\textrm{-}$T (0.7)＞$\beta\textrm{-}$$\textrm{T}_3$ (0.4)＞$\delta\textrm{-}$T (0.1). In most varieties, $\gamma\textrm{-}$$\textrm{T}_3$, a strong antioxidant and anticancer compound, consisted 64% of total tocotrienol and 46% of total vitamin E in vice bran.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.177-186
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• 1997

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate growth characteristics, dry matter yield and crude protein yield according to different planting dates at sorghum $\times$ sudangrass hybrid(SSH) and soybean intercropping. Planting dates were five treatment of may 6(Tl), may 13(T2), may 20(T3), may 27(T4) and june 3(T5), and cutting frequency was two times a year. 1. Plant length of SSH was the highest at T2 as 253cm, but T5 was the shortest as 203cm. In the soybean, T3 and T4 were the highest as 113cm, respectively. Leaf length of SSH was high at T5. In the soybean, T2 was the highest as 17cm. Average leaf width of T2, T3 and T4 was higher than TI and T5. 2. Leaf number of T3(SSH and soybean) was higher than other treatments, Stem diameter of SSH and soybean showed the highest as 12.3mm and 8.6mrn at T5 and T3, respectively. In the SSY mean stem hardness of TI was the highest as 2.5kg/$cm^2$, but soybean was the highest at T1(8.0kg/$cm^2$) 3. Deed stubble according to move seeding date of SSH were 11.4 percentage at TI, and 3.9 percentage at T5 treatment. 4. Total dry matter yield according to move seeding date was the highest at T3 as 20,937kghq but T5 of late seeding was the lowest as 16,04Okgha(P < 0.05). 5. In the first cutting time, protein content of SSH was the highest at T3 as 9.9 percentage, but T1 was the lowest as 8.4 percentage. In the 2nd cutting, T5 was the highest as 8.7% but T1 was the lowest as 6.2%. In the soybean, T5 was the highest as 19.4% but TI of early seeding was the lowest as 16.2 percentage. Crude protein yield was the highest at T3 as 2,233.5kghq but TI of early seeding was the lowest as 1,579.7kgha (P < 0.05). As mentioned above the results, T2(may 13), T3(may 20) and T4(may 27) treatment could be recommended as the best suitable seeding date when drymatter and protein yield were considered.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.187-191
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• 1970

This experiment was carried out to isolate osmophilic yeasts for higher concentration of NaCl than 20 per cent may affect greatly the fermentation of soy sauce. 6 strains of yeasts were selected from the soy sauce mashes at the fermentating periods and identified observing their morphological characteristics. Their salt-resistance and effects upon the flavor of soy sauce were examined. The results obtained were as follows: (1) The strain $T_3,T_5,$ and $T_{11},\;T_8,\;T_9,\;and\; T_{10},$ selected were identified Saccharomyces cerevisiae group II, Debaryomyces nicotianae, Saccharomyces chevalieri, Saccharomyces rouxii and Saccharomyces rosei, respectively. (2) They were more salt-resistant on the liquid media than on the solid media in the case of cultures on the media containing more than 26 per cent of NaCl. (3) They were grown on the media containing 5-23 per cent of NaCl better than containing none of NaCl. (4) The strain $T_3,\;T_8,\;T_9,\;and\; T_{10}$ were grown on the media containing up to 28 per cent of NaCl, and $T_5\;and\;T_{11}$ up to 32 per cent of NaCl is the case of liquid cultures. (5) Among them, the strain $T_9$ showed the best alcohol fermentation ability and the best fermentative flavor, and $T_5\;and\;T_{11}$ formed moldy smell and pellicle.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.301-304
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• 2015

This study was carried out to investigate the optimum rate of substrate composition in bottle cultivation of Grifola frondosa and had three rates of substrate composition of 67:11:22(T1), 68:15:17(T2) and 74:14:12(T3) as mixing rate of weight of dried oak sawdust, dried corn husk and dried bean-curd refuse. The rate of primordia formation of T3 was 65.8% which was lowest among all treatments. Contraction rate of disease of T1 was 9.8% which was highest among all treatments. Harvesting rate of T2 was 70.5% which was highest among all treatments. Fruit body weights per bottle of T1 and T2 were 85.5 g, 83.3 g respectively and there was not significant difference between those. Yield per 10,000 bottles of T2 was 587 kg and was 7%, 28% higher than those of T1 and T3, respectively. As a result, the rate of substrate composition of 68:15:17(T2) as mixing rate of weight of dried oak sawdust, dried corn husk and dried bean-curd refuse was appeared as optimum rate of substrate composition in bottle cultivation of Grifola frondosa..

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.53-56
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• 2007

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of ME and crude protein (CP) content of diet on the performance and production cost of white semibroiler chickens. Three hundred sixty hatched white semibroiler chickens (Hy-Line $female\;{\times}\;Ross^{(R)}$ male) were assigned to low dietary treatments of different metabolizable energy (ME) value and crude protein (CP) content: T1; ME 3,040 and 3,070 kcal/kg, CP 21.40 and 20.86%, T2; ME 2,950 and 3,000 kcal/kg, CP 20.62 and 19.70%, T3; ME 2,950 and 3,000 kcal/kg, CP 19.90 and 18.70% and T4; ME 2,900 and 2,920 kcal/kg, CP 18.50 and 18.00% for starter diet ($0{\sim}1st$ wk) and power diet ($2{\sim}5th$ wk), respectively There were significant (P<0.01) differences among treatments in weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. T1 was significantly higher in weight gain and feed intake and love. in feed conversion ratio than other treatments. Production index of T1 (153.42) was far greater than T2 (112.13), T3 (108.40) and T4 (100.95). It was concluded that semibroilers required similar ME and CP to those of regular commercial broilers (highbro).