• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.93-97
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• 2000

This study was conducted to determine the appropriate osmotic priming chemicals and their concentrations to improve germination of carrot, lettuce, onion, and Welsh onion seeds. Each chemical, including $KNO_3$, $KH_2PO_4$, $K_3PO_4$, NaOH, $Ca(NO_3)_2$, and PEG 8000, was tested at three to four concentrations. Percent germination, number of days to attain 50% of the final germination percentage (T50), and mean number of days to germination (MDG) of primed seeds were compared with those of water-imbibed or nonprimed seeds. With the exception of 100 or 200 mM NaOH, other priming chemicals did not affect percent germination of carrot and lettuce seeds. However, the chemical priming did reduce T50 and MDG, especially with -0.5 MPa PEG 8000 for carrot and with 50 mM $K_3PO_4$ or 200 mM $KH_2PO_4$ for lettuce. Among the chemicals with no influence on percent germination did 200 mM $KH_2PO_4$ significantly reduced both T50 and MDG of onion seeds. No chemicals improved percent germination of Welsh onion seeds. Reduction in T50 and MDG was significant only with $KH_2PO_4$ and $Ca(NO_3)_2$.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.176-182
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of muffin made with tagatose which substituted sugar. Moisture contents were measured and Texture Profile Analysis was carried out during 3 day storage. 3 types of muffin, T0 (no tagatose added, sugar was the only sweet taste source), T25 (tagatose : sugar = 25:75(w/w), and T50 (tagatose : sugar = 50:50(w/w) were prepared. As the tagatose contents increased, the Maillard reaction proceeded more, so the color of the muffin crust was darker. Moisture contents of muffins decreased during storage, up to 2 days of storage, moisture contents of T25 and T50 were higher significantly, but at the 3rd day of storage, no differences were detected among samples. In the texture profile analysis, hardness, chewiness and fracturability were higher as the tagatose contents increased. Springiness and cohesiveness did not show any differences between T0 and T25 significantly. In the sensory evaluation, T0 got the lower points on the crust color value, but the crust colors were not significantly different among samples. Other characteristics like crumb color, moistness, sweetness, flavor and overall acceptance were not different significantly. As a result, when synbiotic and low-calorie tagatose was partly added to muffin up to 50 % as sugar substitute, overall qualities of those muffins were not different with only sugar added ones, even moisture contents were higher but color was a little bit darker, so tagatose can be used on making healthy muffins successfully.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.13-20
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• 2007

The objective of this study is to investigate endurance test of localization part for T-50 aircraft engine. Major localization parts of the engine (F404-STW-102) was performed using Accelerated Simulated Mission Engine Test. The purpose of this test is to evaluate of quality demonstration capability, to verify design of engine localization parts, and to improvement safety and operation rate of T-50 advanced trainer by finding out operational problems in production phase and fixing it.

• Aerospace Industry
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• s.103
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• pp.10-13
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• 2009

지난 4월 17일 국회의원회관 118호 간담회의실에서 심대평 의원(자유선진당, 국방위원회)주최로 전문가 간담회가 열렸다. T-50 UAE수출과 관련해 열린 이날 전문가 간담회의 주제는 "글로벌 경제의 블루오션 방위산업-항공산업 발전과 T-50 수출전략" 국산 초음속 훈련기 T-50 해외수출을 위해 마련된 이날 전문가 간담회에는 전영훈 골든이글 공학연구소 소장, 항공우주연구원 이희우 교수, 동아일보 이정훈 기자, 월간항공 계동혁 기자 등 각계 전문가가 참석해 의견을 제시하고 열띤 토론을 벌였다. 이 날 간담회에서 발표된 주요 주제발표 내용과 전문가들이 함께 논의한 토론내용을 지면으로 소개한다.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.98-102
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• 2000

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of chemicals and their concentrations, priming temperature and duration, and different germination temperature on germinability of salvia seeds. The highest percentage of germination was obtained with 50 or 100 mM $KH_2PO_4$, or with -0.50 or -0.75 MPa PEG 8000. When number of days to attain 50% of the final germination percentage (T50) and mean number of days to germination (MDG) were taken into account, 50 mM $KH_2PO_4$ or -0.50 MPa PEG was most effective for early germination. No seeds germinated when primed in $K_3PO_4$ or NaOH solution. Priming the seeds at $20^{\circ}C$ was better than priming at $15^{\circ}C$ or $25^{\circ}C$. Priming at $20^{\circ}C$ for 4 or 6 days reduced the MDG by 2.3 days compared with nonprimed seeds. Seeds primed with -0.50 MPa PEG at $20^{\circ}C$ showed a high germination percentage with reduced T50 and MDG. When seeds were primed in a mixture of -0.50 MPa PEG and 50 mM $KH_2PO_4$ solution and germinated at $30^{\circ}C$ or $35^{\circ}C$, percent germination was lower than nonprimed seeds. However, the combined treatment retained the priming effect for reducing T50 and MDG.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.57-64
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• 2005

Modern versions of supersonic jet fighter aircraft using digital flight-by-wire flight control system receive aircraft flight condition such as altitude, airspeed and AoA(angle of attack) from IMFP(Integrated Multi-Function Probe). IMFP sensors data have triplex structure using three IMFP sensors. An air data reconfiguration mode is applied to a T-50 flight control law to guarantee the aircraft flight stability when 2 or 3 IMFP sensors data are invalided. In this study, linear analysis and HQS(Handling Quality Simulator) pilot simulation are performed to analyze flight stability when the air data reconfiguration mode is applied to the control law. And we propose an example that the air data reconfiguration mode is applied to the control law due to second failure of IMFP during T-50 flight. It is found that the aircraft flight stability is not affected when the T-50 flight control law is changed to the air data reconfiguration mode.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.679-687
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• 2014

In this study, a new paint which is able to resist the cavitation erosion is tried to be developed by using urethane added with nano particles such as multi-wall and single-wall carbon nano tube and spherical and fiber type graphite. The new paint synthesized was characterized with physical properties and resistivity to cavitation erosion($t_{50}$). Among nano particles, fiber type graphite($t_{50}$ 292min) showed high hardness and wear resistance compared with spherical type($t_{50}$ 182min). For carbon nano tube, single-wall type($t_{50}$ 286min) was higher than multi-wall type in wear resistance. Fiber-type graphite was the best nano-particle for paint with resistivity to cavitation erosion. In the application test of paint, the manually painted sample showed surface with smooth but the surface of sample prepared with spray was not smooth. During spray, dust was fixed on the surface.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.777-786
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• 2003

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementary Blended essential oil(CRINA$^{\circledR}$) on the performance, nutrient availability, fatty acid composition of leg muscle, small intestinal microflora and blood parameters in broiler chickens. One thousand unsexed day-old broiler chickens were assigned to five treatments : control(T1), 5ppm avilamycin(starter diet) & 5ppm flavomycin(grower diet) T2, 5ppm avilamycin(starter diet) & 50ppm CRINA$^{\circledR}$(grower diet) T3, 50ppm CRINA$^{\circledR}$(starter & grower diet) T4, 50ppm CRINA$^{\circledR}$+ 500ppm lactic acid$^{\circledR}$ (starter & grower diet) T5. Each treatment had four replications of 50 birds each. Growth performance was significantly improved by dietary supplements(T2-T5). There were no significant differences among treatment T2, T3, T4 and T5. Feed intake was not significantly different among treatments. Dietary supplementation of CRINA$^{\circledR}$(T3, T4, T5) resulted in significant(p〈0.05) improvement in feed/gain(F/G) during finishing period (4-5weeks). The birds fed CRINA$^{\circledR}$ supplemented diet(T4) showed significantly(p〈0.05) higher availability of crude fat, methionine and methionine + cystine than those fed antibiotics supplemented diet(T2). Mortality was not significantly affected by treatments. The colony forming unit(CFU) of E.coli in small intestinal content was significantly lower in antibiotics & CRINA$^{\circledR}$(T3) compared to CRINA$^{\circledR}$ treatment(T4)(P〈0.05). CFU of Cl. perfringens was low in CRINA$^{\circledR}$(T4) but not different significantly with other treatments. Serum triglyceride level of birds fed CRINA$^{\circledR}$ + lactic acid diet(T5) was significantly lower(p〈0.05) than those fed antibiotics supplemented diet(T2). Cholesterol level of the birds fed antibiotics(T2) or CRINA$^{\circledR}$ + lactic acid supplemented diet(T5) was significantly higher(p〈0.05) than other treatments. HDL level of birds fed control diet was significantly lower(p〈0.05) than that of others. The levels of serum IgG were not significantly different among treatments. Major fatty acids composition of leg muscle fat was significantly influenced by treatments. Control group showed significantly higher palmitic acid(C$_{16:0}$) and steraric acid(C$_{18:0}$) content than other treatments(p〈0.05). Content of oleic acid(C$_{18:1}$), however, was significantly lower in the control than others treatments. Content of linolenic acid(C$_{18:3}$) was significantly higher in CRINA$^{\circledR}$+ lactic acid(T5) than antibiotics & CRINA$^{\circledR}$(T3) treatments. Total saturated fatty acids content was higher and total unsaturated fatty acids were lower in the leg muscle fat of the control than that of other treatments. It is concluded that CRINA$^{\circledR}$ supplementation improved growth rate and F/G ratio in broilers. The combination of CRINA$^{\circledR}$ with either antibiotics or lactic acid did not show any additive or synergistic effects in broiler chickens .

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.989-992
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of larval stages of three species, namely, Tenebrio molitor, Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis, and Ptecticus tenebrifer larvae, in degrading poultry manure, specially, broiler and duck manure. The survival rates of larvae were also noted. For the experiment, T. molitor (n=300), P. brevitarsis seulensis (n=60), and P. tenebrifer (n=300) hatched larvae were randomly divided into six groups with three replicates. The degaradation efficacy tests were then performed for 30 days in a laboratory. The test groups were as follows: T1, 110 g broiler manure + T. molitor larvae (n=50); T2, 110 g duck manure + T. molitor larvae (n=50); T3, 125 g broiler manure + P. brevitarsis seulensis larvae (n=10); T4, 125 g duck manure + P. brevitarsis seulensis larvae (n=10); T5, 105 g broiler manure + P. tenebrifer larvae (n=50); and T6, 105 g duck manure + P. tenebrifer larvae (n=50). The groups showed significant efficacy in degrading broiler and duck manure (p<0.05). The highest survival rates were recorded for T. molitor larvae in both manure types [T1 (92.67%) and T2 (50%)], followed by P. brevitarsis seulensis larvae (T4, 40%) and P. tenebrifer larvae (T6, 14.67%) in duck manure. Next, the survival rates of P. brevitarsis seulensis (T3) and Ptecticus tenebrifer larvae (T5) in broiler manure were 0%. In conclusion, these results point to the feasibility of using insect larvae to degrade broiler and duck manure.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2019

Ptecticus tenebriferwas incorporated to partially or totally replace the diets of juvenile white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Experimental groups of shrimp with an average initial body weight of $0.014{\pm}0.001g$ were fed each of the 5 diets formulated to include 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% (C, T25, T50, T75, and T100, respectively) of Ptecticus tenebriferpowder substituted for commercial feed. After eight weeks of feeding trials, juvenile shrimp fed with diets T25 and T50 showed higher live weight gain ($2.298{\pm}0.405$ and $2.539{\pm}0.406$, respectively), and a better feed conversion ratio ($1.389{\pm}0.246$ and $1.536{\pm}0.246$, respectively) compared to those of shrimp fed a control diet. Survival rate was 98% in all experimental groups except for the T75 group ($66.67{\pm}57.73%$ survival). The levels of immune markers such as beta-glucan binding protein, prophenoloxidase, and crustin associated with the cellular and humoral immunity of shrimp were found to be higher in 25% and 50% commercial feed replacement groups. A reduction in total nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, and ammonia levels was greater in T25 and T50 rather than in T75 and T100. These results clearly indicate that replacement of feed with 25 to 50% Ptecticus tenebriferpowder in juvenile white shrimp diet was optimal in promoting the growth performance of shrimp without any adverse effects.