• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.220-225
• /
• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of levels of education on ground reaction force and center of pressure parameters during chest compression resuscitation. Method: Twenty male university students were divided into two groups; certified group (CG, n=10) and non-certified group (NCG, n=10). Two force plates were used to measure ground reaction force and center of pressure parameters during 30 times (three trials) chest compression resuscitation. Independent t-tests were used to compare ground reaction force and center of pressure parameters between two groups. An alpha level of 0.05 was used in all tests. Results: All chest-compression time parameters (total time, 1 systolic time, and diastolic time) in CG were significantly shorter than those in NCG (p<.05). Fy of the diastolic and Fz of the systolic in CG revealed significantly the larger GRF values and Fy of the systolic in CG showed significantly the smaller GRF value (p<.05). The standard deviation of Fz of the systolic and diastolic within the subject during 30 times chest-compression resuscitation revealed significantly the smaller values in CG (p<.05). Conclusion: First, CG performed chest compressions efficiently at an appropriate rate compared to NCG. Second, CG showed lower Fx and Fy values in both the mediolateral and anteroposterior axes compared to NCG, which reduced unnecessary chest-compression force consumption and minimized the movement in patients with cardiac arrest. Third, CG showed high Fz value of the systolic and low Fz value of the diastolic. Based on this, chest compression resuscitation was performed to increase the survival rate of cardiac arrest patients.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
• /
• v.4 no.6
• /
• pp.1495-1507
• /
• 1997

Among a number of approaches to text compression, adaptive dictionary schemes based on a sliding window have been very frequently used due to their high performance. The LZ77 algorithm is the most efficient algorithm which implements such adaptive schemes for the practical use of text compression. This paperpresents a VLSI architecture designed for processing the LZ77 algorithm in parallel. Compared with the other VLSI architectures developed so far, the proposed architecture provides the more viable solution to high performance with regard to its throughput, efficient implementation of the VLSI systolic arrays, and hardware scalability. Indeed, without being affected by the size of the sliding window, our system has the complexity of O(N) for both the compression and decompression and also requires small wafer area, where N is the size of the input text.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.220-227
• /
• 2002

An one-dimensional VLSI array for high speed processing of Fractal image compression was designed. Using again the overlapped input data of adjacent domain blocks in the existing one-dimensional VLSI array, we can save the number of total input for the operations, and so we can save the total computation time. In the design procedure, we considered the data dependences between the input data, reordered the input data to the array, and designed the processing elements. Registers and multiplexors are added for the storing and routing of the input data in some processing elements. Consequently as adding a little hardware, this design shows (N-4B)/4(N-B) times of speed-up compared with the existing array, where N is image size and B is block size.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.273-278
• /
• 2001

Chronic mitral valvular insufficiency (CMVI) is the most common heart disease in dogs. The prevalence of CMVI is age-dependent. CMVI is usually affected to small to medium size breeds. It is more prevalent in males than females. The characteristic lesions of CMVI are caused by an acquired chronic structural degeneration of the mitral valve defined as endocardiosis or myxomatous degeneration. The main clinical signs are cough, respiratory distress, weakness and pleural effusion and ascites by secondary right-sided heart failure. The most prominent clinical finding is a systolic heart murmur. The thoracic radiography and echocardiography are useful methods in diagnosis of CMVI. Thoracic radiographic findings are left atrial enlargement, left main stem bronchial compression and pulmonary edema. Echocardiography is confirmed to increased left atrial and ventricular dimension, mitral regurgitation, mitral valve thickening and abnormal movement. Thoracic radiography and echocardiography are used to obtain a definite diagnosis of CMVI, and then to study the progression of the condition.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.452-454
• /
• 2001

A two-month-old female Yorkshire terrier was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook national University. The patient was presented with a history of dyspnea, cough, exercise intolerance and abdominal distension, but she was appetence. In physical examination the puppy was coughed on slight tracheal compression. Rectal temperature, pulse and respiratory rate were normal, and grade 3/6 systolic murmur heard at the left heart base. The murmur was crescendo-decrescendo. Electrocardiography showed sinus arrhythmia, right-ventricular hypertrophy pattern, and right axis deviation. Thoracic radiography revealed cardiomegaly, bulging of the main pulmonary artery, and enlarged left side heart. Abdominal radiography revealed abdkominal distention. Echocardiography showed hypertrophy of right ventricle and turbulence in the pulmonary artery in parasternal oblique view. Subvalvular pulmonic stenosis was diagnosis based upon the clinical signs, physical examination, electrocardiography, radiography and echocardiography. We treated the patient with furosemide, enalapril and $\beta$-blocker. After the clinical signs of cough, abdominal distension and dyspnea were disappeared, she was on just $\beta$-blocker for prevention of occurrence of congestive heart failure. Now she was recovered her health, and she is not on any medication.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.57-62
• /
• 2010

Purpose: This study analyzed the characteristics of stable pelvic bone fractures with intra-abdominal solid organ injury. Methods: Medical records were retrospectively reviewed from January 2000 to December 2009 of patients with stable pelvic bone fractures. A stable pelvic bone fracture according to Young's classification is defined as a lateral compression type I and antero-posterior compression type I. Subjects were divided into two groups, one with (injured group) and one without (non-injured group) intra-abdominal solid organ injury, to evaluate the dependences of the characteristics on the presence of an intra-abdominal solid organ injury. Data including demographics, mechanism of injury, initial hemodynamic status, laboratory results, Revised Trauma Score (RTS), Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), Injury Severity Score (ISS), amount of transfusion, admission to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were analyzed. Results: The subjects were 128 patients with a mean age of 42 years old, of whom were 67 male patients (52.3%). The injured group had 21 patients(16.4%), and the most frequent injured solid organ was the liver. Traffic accident was the most common mechanism of injury and lateral compression was the most common type of fracture in all groups. Initial systolic blood pressure was lower in the injured group, and the ISS was greater in the injured group. Arterial pH was lower in the injured group, and shock within 24 hours after arrival at the emergency department was more frequent in the injured group. Transfused packed red blood cells within 24 hours were 8 patients(38.1%) in the injured group and 11 patients(10.3%) in the non-injured group. Conservative treatment was the most common therapeutic modality in all groups. Stay in the ICU was longer in the injured group, and three mortalities occurred. Conclusion: There is a need to decide on a diagnostic and therapeutic plan regarding the possibility of intra-abdominal solid organ injury for hemodynamically unstable patients with stable pelvic bone fractures and for patients with stable pelvic bone fractures along with multiple associated injuries.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.114-124
• /
• 2019

Purpose: We investigate biases in the assessments of left ventricular function (LVF), by compressed sensing (CS)-cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods: Cardiovascular cine images with short axis view, were obtained for 8 volunteers without CS. LVFs were assessed with subsampled data, with compression factors (CF) of 2, 3, 4, and 8. A semi-automatic segmentation program was used, for the assessment. The assessments by 3 CS methods (ITSC, FOCUSS, and view sharing (VS)), were compared to those without CS. Bland-Altman analysis and paired t-test were used, for comparison. In addition, real-time CS-cine imaging was also performed, with CF of 2, 3, 4, and 8 for the same volunteers. Assessments of LVF were similarly made, for CS data. A fixed compensation technique is suggested, to reduce the bias. Results: The assessment of LVF by CS-cine, includes bias and random noise. Bias appeared much larger than random noise. Median of end-diastolic volume (EDV) with CS-cine (ITSC or FOCUSS) appeared -1.4% to -7.1% smaller, compared to that of standard cine, depending on CF from (2 to 8). End-systolic volume (ESV) appeared +1.6% to +14.3% larger, stroke volume (SV), -2.4% to -16.4% smaller, and ejection fraction (EF), -1.1% to -9.2% smaller, with P < 0.05. Bias was reduced from -5.6% to -1.8% for EF, by compensation applied to real-time CS-cine (CF = 8). Conclusion: Loss of temporal resolution by adopting missing data from nearby cardiac frames, causes an underestimation for EDV, and an overestimation for ESV, resulting in underestimations for SV and EF. The bias is not random. Thus it should be removed or reduced for better diagnosis. A fixed compensation is suggested, to reduce bias in the assessment of LVF.