• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1683-1690
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• 2018

Accurate and rapid diagnosis of influenza infection is essential to enable early antiviral treatment and reduce the mortality associated with seasonal and epidemic infections. Immunochromatography is one of the most common methods used for the diagnosis of seasonal human influenza; however, it is less effective in diagnosing pandemic influenza virus. Currently, rapid diagnostic kits for pandemic influenza virus rely on the detection of nucleoprotein (NP) or hemagglutinin (HA). NP detection shows higher specificity and is more sensitive than HA detection. In this study, we time-dependently screened expression conditions, and herein report optimal conditions for the expression of recombinant nucleoprotein (rNP), which was 48 h after infection. In addition, we report the use of the expressed rNP in a rapid influenza diagnostic test (SGT i-flex Influenza A&B Test). We constructed expression vectors that synthesized rNP (antigen) of influenza A and B in insect cells (Sf9 cells), employed the purified rNP to the immunoassay test kit, and clearly distinguished NPs of influenza A and influenza B using this rapid influenza diagnostic kit. This approach may improve the development of rapid test kits for influenza using NP.

• 생물치료정신의학
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.129-141
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• 2018

Suicide is a behavior that is intended to cause death by itself and requires medical treatment, resulting in suicidal attempt or completion. Suicide causes loss of life, damages the body, costs a lot of medical expenses, and causes families to fall into sorrow and suffering therefore this suicide is a huge loss to family and society. There have been attempts to reduce and prevent suicide by understanding the mechanism of suicide. The mechanism of suicide can be thought of as psychological mechanism and biological mechanism. In the past, if we considered the psychological and biological mechanisms separately, the development of neuroscience now connects and integrates these two. Psychological factors affect biological factors and biological temperaments also affect perception or thinking about the situation and increase psychological vulnerability. Distant factors in suicidal behavior-such as childhood adversity and family and genetic predisposition-increase the lifetime risk of suicide. They alter the response to stress and other processes through changes in gene expression and regulation of emotional and behavioral characteristics. Distant factors affect the biological system and consequently changes in these systems can increase the risk of suicide. In other words, the distal factor does not directly induce suicidal behavior but rather acts indirectly through developmental or mediating factors. These mediating factors are impulsive aggressive and anxious trait, and chronic use of substances. The mechanism of this disorder is the abnormality of the serotonin system and the abnormality of the lipid level. Proximal factors are associated with the onset of suicide events and include changes in the major neurotransmitter systems, inflammatory changes, and dysfunction of glial cells in the brain. A series of studies, including a variety of research methods and postmortem and in-vivo imaging studies, show the impairment of the serotonergic neurotransmitter system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis stress response system for suicidal behavior. These disorders lead to suicidal behavior due to difficulty in cognitive control of mood, pessimism, reactive aggression, abnormality in problem solving abilities, excessive response to negative social signals, severe emotional distress, and cognitive dysregulation of suicidal ideation.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.31-45
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• 2023

본 연구는 유튜브 이용자의 사용 시간이 양적으로 증대하면서 나타나는 질적 단계와 경로에 주목하였다. 그리고 심리학과 신경과학의 이론을 적용하여 추천시스템의 개인화 알고리즘과 적극이용의 구간을 세분화하였고, 이론연구와 실증연구를 병행하였다. 이론연구에서 심리학과 신경과학의 관점으로 포그의 행동모델(FBM), 가변적 보상, 도파민 중독을 적용하였다. 포그의 행동모델(FBM)은 연관 콘텐츠 제시 기능인 개인화 추천 알고리즘이 트리거(계기)로서 쉬운 클릭을 유발하고, 가변적 보상은 검색하는 콘텐츠에 대한 예측불가능성으로 동기부여의 효과성을 높이며, 도파민 중독은 도파민 신경을 자극하면 지속적 적극적으로 콘텐츠를 소비하게 하는 것으로 요약된다. 본 연구는 개인화 추천 알고리즘과 적극이용 구간에서 콘텐츠의 이용 목적을 심리적 측면에서 처음이용, 재이용, 지속이용, 적극이용의 4단계로 구분하고, 경로를 분석하였다는 점에서 학문적 실무적 기여를 할 것으로 기대한다.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.140-145
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of visual block with ankle joint fatigue on gait and dynamic balance ability. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Thirty healthy young adults (men=15, women=15) between 22 to 25 years of age voluntarily participated in this study. All subjects performed the gait and dynamic balance test successively in two conditions: the visual block and the open eyes condition. Before the gait and dynamic balance test, muscle fatigue on the ankle joint was induced to all subjects by doing ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion alternately, and then gait parameters (step length, stride length, cadence, velocity, single limb support, and double limb support) were assessed by walking on the GAITRite system (CIR Systems Inc., USA). Subjects also performed the functional reach test (FRT) for assessment of dynamic balance. This study examined gait parameters and FRT scores in each visual block and open eyes condition. Results: The results showed that FRT scores with the visual block condition significantly decreased compared to without visual blocking (p<0.01). Step length, stride length, cadence, and velocity of gait parameters decreased significantly in the visual block condition (p<0.01) while there was no significant difference for single limb support. However, double limb support increased significantly in the visual block system (p<0.01). Conclusions: Therefore, blocking of visual information with muscle fatigue of the ankle joint can affect gait and balance ability of young adults and increase the risk of falls.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.275-281
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• 2009

The effects of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), a GABA receptor antagonist, were studied on passive avoidance learning and expression of heat shock protein 70 (hsp70), neuroglobin, and fatty acid binding protein-7 (fabp-7) genes. Zebrafish were trained to stay in a dark compartment to avoid a weight dropping in an acryl shuttle box with a central sliding door. In two training sessions of 2 h interval, each consisting of 3 trials, the crossing time was significantly increased from $43.2{\pm}14.4s$ to $149.3{\pm}38.5s$ in the first training session and remained $116.1{\pm}36.0s$ s in the first trial of the second training session in the control. In zebrafish treated with PTZ before the first training session, the crossing time was significantly increased neither in the first nor in the second training session. However, the increased crossing time was maintained in the second training session when 10 mM PTZ was treated three times for 10 min at 30 min intervals between the first and second training session. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that expression level of hsp70 mRNA increased two to eight fold over that of control in the brain at 0-24 h after termination of PTZ treatment. No change in expression of neuroglobin and fabp-7 mRNA was shown in PTZ-treated zebrafish. Our studies suggest that PTZ impairs learning ability in avoidance response and also modifies expression of genes related to the neuroprotection.

• BMB Reports
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.60-70
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• 2017

Glaucoma is characterized by a slow and progressive degeneration of the optic nerve, including retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons in the optic nerve head (ONH), leading to visual impairment. Despite its high prevalence, the biological basis of glaucoma pathogenesis still is not yet fully understood, and the factors contributing to its progression are currently not well characterized. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only modifiable risk factor, and reduction of IOP is the standard treatment for glaucoma. However, lowering IOP itself is not always effective for preserving visual function in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. The second messenger cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) regulates numerous biological processes in the central nervous system including the retina and the optic nerve. Although recent studies revealed that cAMP generated by adenylyl cyclases (ACs) is important in regulating aqueous humor dynamics in ocular tissues, such as the ciliary body and trabecular meshwork, as well as cell death and growth in the retina and optic nerve, the functional role and significance of cAMP in glaucoma remain to be elucidated. In this review, we will discuss the functional role of cAMP in aqueous humor dynamics and IOP regulation, and review the current medications, which are related to the cAMP signaling pathway, for glaucoma treatment. Also, we will further focus on cAMP signaling in RGC growth and regeneration by soluble AC as well as ONH astrocytes by transmembrane ACs to understand its potential role in the pathogenesis of glaucoma neurodegeneration.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.151-163
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• 2008

Objective : Recent studies indicate that the deposition of beta-amyloid ($A{\beta}$) is related in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the underlying mechanism is still not clear. Method : To investigate the potential cellular functions of APP and LMK02, we use transgenic drosophila as a model was treated with either LMK02, and the effect in APP expression was determined by climbing assay. LMK02 have been shown to be neuroprotective in fly model systems. We asked whether dietary supplementation with LMK02 would influence behavior and AD-like pathology in a transgenic fly model. Result LMK02 water extract have attenuated fly death in vivo. LMK02-treated fly increased percentage of flight ability more longly and survival ratio more than controls. APP-GRIM drosophila treated with LMK02 had significantly less accumulation of APP deposition in the eye and brain as compared to control drosophila. Conclusion : These results suggest that LMK02 prevent APP-induced neurotoxicity through attenuating flies death induced by APP, and may be useful as potential therapeutic agents for AD.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.253-259
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• 2010

Artemisia capillaris Thunb. is widely used in the herbal medicine field. This study describes the antidepressant effect of a flavonoid (chlorogenic acid) isolated from the Artemisia capillaris Thunb. The expression of the pituitary gland and hypothalamic POMC mRNA or plasma ${\beta}$-endorphin levels were increased by extract of Artemisia capillaris Thunb. or its flavoniod administered orally. In addition, antidepressant activity was studied using the tail suspension test (TST), the forced swimming test (FST) and the rotarod test in a chronically restrained immobilization stress group in mice. After restraint stress (2 h/day for 14 days), animals were kept in a cage for 14 days without any further stress, but with drugs. Mice were fed with a diet supplemented for 14 days and during the behavioral test period with chlorogenic acid (30 mg/kg/day). POMC mRNA or the plasma ${\beta}$-endorphin level was increased by the extract of Artemisia capillaris Thunb. and its flavoniod. In addition, the immobility time in TST and FST was significantly reduced by chlorogenic acid. In the rotarod test, the riding time remained similar to that of the control group at 15 rpm. Our results suggest that the flavonoid (chlorogenic acid) isolated from Artemisia capillaris Thunb. shows a potent antidepressant effect.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.357-365
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• 2012

Purpose : The present study has been performed to find the effects on gross motor function and balance ability of applying a balance exercise program consisting of motions able to stimulate balance-related sensory systems on various support surfaces along with goal-oriented upper extremity tasks to enhance the balance ability. Methods : 10children diagnosed as having spastic diplegia were selected as the subject for this study, of whom 5children were randomly assigned to a control group (CG) and the remainder to a balance exercise group (BEG) to perform the upper extremity task on various support surfaces. Each intervention was executed 30minutes per session with 2sessions a week for 12weeks. To make comparisons before and after intervention, gross motor function measure; standing; demention D(GMFM;D), walking/running/jumping ;demention E (GMFM;E) and pediatric balance scale (PBS) were evaluated. Results : The CG showed a significant difference (p<.05) in GMFM;E. BEG showed a significant difference (p<.05) in GMFM;D as well as GMFM;E and in PBS before and after intervention. BEG showed a significant improvement (p<.05) in GMFM;D and the PBS compared with the CG whereas it did not indicate any statistically significant difference in GMFM;E. Conclusion : According to the results of this study, it has been shown that a balance exercise accompanied by upper extremity task on various support surfaces had an effect on improvement in the gross motor function and the balance ability of children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.371-384
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• 2019

Motion perception has been tremendously improved in neuroscience and computer vision. The baseline motion perception model is mediated by the dorsal visual pathway involving the cortex areas the primary visual cortex (V1) and the middle temporal (V5 or MT) visual area. However, few works have been done on the extension of neural models to improve the efficacy and robustness of motion perception of real sequences. To overcome shortcomings in situations, such as varying illumination and large displacement, an adaptive V1-MT motion perception (Ad-V1MTMP) algorithm enriched to deal with real sequences is proposed and analyzed. First, the total variation semi-norm model based on Gabor functions (TV-Gabor) for structure-texture decomposition is performed to manage the illumination and color changes. And then, we study the impact of image local context, which is processed in extra-striate visual areas II (V2), on spatial motion integration by MT neurons, and propose a V1-V2 method to extract the image contrast information at a given location. Furthermore, we take feedback inputs from V2 into account during the polling stage. To use the algorithm on natural scenes, finally, multi-scale approach has been used to handle the frequency range, and adaptive pyramidal decomposition and decomposed spatio-temporal filters have been used to diminish computational cost. Theoretical analysis and experimental results suggest the new Ad-V1MTMP algorithm which mimics human primary motion pathway has universal, effective and robust performance.