• 멤브레인
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.294-302
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• 2006

은 고분자 전해질은 올레핀/파리핀 혼합물 분리에 매우 효과적인 분리막 재료이다. 이는 고분자 매질속에 녹아 있는 은이온이 올레핀과 선택적, 가역적 반응을 통해 올레핀만을 분리막속으로 통과시키기 때문이다. 그러나 이러한 은 고분자 전해질 분리막은 실제 공정에 응용되기에는 다소 약한 장시간 운전 성능 안정성을 보인다. 즉 분리 성능이 시간이 지남에 따라 점차 감소되는데 이는 은이온이 은 나노입자로 환원되기 때문이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP)와 $AgBF_4$로 이루어진 고분자 전해질막의 안정성을 향상시키고자 비이온 계면활성제인 $C_{18}H_{35}(OCH_2CH_2)_{20}OH$ (Brij98)를 첨가제로 사용하였다. 분리막속에서 은이온의 은 나노입자로의 환원현상을 원자전자 현미경과 자외선 분광학을 이용하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 Brij98이 첨가된 분리막의 경우 은 나노입자의 성장이 늦춰졌으며, 프로판/프로핀렌 선택도가 장시간 유지됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.159-164
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• 2011

A variety of natural polymers have been used as tissue engineering scaffolds, drug delivery system, and cosmetic materials due to their higher biocompatibility and water uptake. As a major component of extracellular matrix, hyaluronic acid consisting of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine has been popularly used as a hydrogel material. Even though it has good properties to be used in the tissue engineering and cosmetic industry, its higher viscosity has limited a potential use in a variety of applications; only low content should be applied in preparing above products. In the present study, we investigated the effect of electron beam irradiation on the properties of hyaluronic acid. Hyaluronic acid paste containing low contents of water changed to solution after electron beam irradiation ranging from 1 to 10 kGy, which didn't exhibit any alteration of surface properties and morphological change after freeze-drying. However, its viscosity was significantly decreased as absorbed dose increased, which was approximately one by hundred in comparison with the viscosity of original hyaluronic acid solution with same concentration. In addition, it can still interact with positive charged chitosan generating polyelectrolyte complex. Therefore, only viscosity was decreased after electron beam irradiation, whereas other properties of hyaluronic acid maintained. Consequently, these hyaluronic acids with lower viscosities can be used in a variety of applications in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and cosmetic industry.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.975-984
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• 2021

Objective: Inbreeding depression of reproduction is a major concern in the conservation of native chicken genetic resources. Here, based on the successful development of strongly inbred (Sinb) and weakly inbred (Winb) Langshan chickens, we aimed to evaluate inbreeding effects on reproductive traits and identify candidate genes involved in inbreeding depression of reproduction in Langshan chickens. Methods: A two-sample t-test was performed to estimate the differences in phenotypic values of reproductive traits between Sinb and Winb chicken groups. Three healthy chickens with reproductive trait values around the group mean values were selected from each of the groups. Differences in ovarian and hypothalamus transcriptomes between the two groups of chickens were analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Results: The Sinb chicken group showed an obvious inbreeding depression in reproduction, especially for traits of age at the first egg and egg number at 300 days (p<0.01). Furthermore, 68 and 618 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained in the hypothalamus and ovary between the two chicken groups, respectively. In the hypothalamus, DEGs were mainly enriched in the pathways related to vitamin metabolism, signal transduction and development of the reproductive system, such as the riboflavin metabolism, Wnt signaling pathway, extracellular matrix-receptor interaction and focal adhesion pathways, including stimulated by retinoic acid 6, serpin family F member 1, secreted frizzled related protein 2, Wnt family member 6, and frizzled class receptor 4 genes. In the ovary, DEGs were significantly enriched in pathways associated with basic metabolism, including amino acid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycosaminoglycan degradation. A series of key DEGs involved in folate biosynthesis (gamma-glutamyl hydrolase, guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase 1), oocyte meiosis and ovarian function (cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 1, structural maintenance of chromosomes 1B, and speedy/RINGO cell cycle regulator family member A), spermatogenesis and male fertility (prostaglandin D2 synthase 21 kDa), Mov10 RISC complex RNA helicase like 1, and deuterosome assembly protein 1) were identified, and these may play important roles in inbreeding depression in reproduction. Conclusion: The results improve our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying inbreeding depression in chicken reproduction and provide a theoretical basis for the conservation of species resources.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.229-243
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• 2021

Quality control (QC) to process observed time series has become more critical as the types and amount of observed data have increased along with the development of ocean observing sensors and communication technology. International ocean observing institutions have developed and operated automatic QC procedures for these observed time series. In this study, the performance of automated QC procedures proposed by U.S. IOOS (Integrated Ocean Observing System), NDBC (National Data Buy Center), and OOI (Ocean Observatory Initiative) were evaluated for observed time-series particularly from the Yellow and East China Seas by taking advantage of a confusion matrix. We focused on detecting additive outliers (AO) and temporary change outliers (TCO) based on ocean temperature observation from the Ieodo Ocean Research Station (I-ORS) in 2013. Our results present that the IOOS variability check procedure tends to classify normal data as AO or TCO. The NDBC variability check tracks outliers well but also tends to classify a lot of normal data as abnormal, particularly in the case of rapidly fluctuating time-series. The OOI procedure seems to detect the AO and TCO most effectively and the rate of classifying normal data as abnormal is also the lowest among the international checks. However, all three checks need additional scrutiny because they often fail to classify outliers when intermittent observations are performed or as a result of systematic errors, as well as tending to classify normal data as outliers in the case where there is abrupt change in the observed data due to a sensor being located within a sharp boundary between two water masses, which is a common feature in shallow water observations. Therefore, this study underlines the necessity of developing a new QC algorithm for time-series occurring in a shallow sea.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.104-113
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• 2019

공기연장과 관련한 분쟁은 해당 이슈들이 공기에 얼마나 영향을 미치는지에 대해 공기를 분석하고 법원과 같이 제3자의 판단을 돕기 위한 근거로 제출하는 특징이 있다. 하지만 대다수의 국내현장은 분석에 필요한 기초자료가 부재하거나, 분쟁 발생 이후 자료를 수집하는 등 대응을 위한 합리적인 업무 및 입증 방안의 프로세스가 정립되지 않아 공기연장에 따른 손실을 증명하는데 어려움이 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 공기연장 분쟁 시 입증의 수단인 공기분석에 필요한 정보를 수집, 정리하고 업무 프로세스를 제시함으로써 합리적인 처리지원 및 관리 효율성을 향상하고자 하였다. 제안된 프로세스를 사용하여 실제 공기연장 분쟁에 적용 검증한 결과, 프로세스 적용현장이 미적용 현장에 비해 실무자는 약 33%, 계약담당자는 약 46%, 법률자문가는 약 48% 더 높은 만족도를 나타냈으며 91%의 동일한 매트릭스 비교 결과가 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 공기연장 분쟁에서 근거로 사용되는 공사기간 분석 업무의 효율화를 도모할 수 있을 것으로 판단되며, 향후 프로세스를 활용한 시스템 설계연구가 지속되어야 할 것으로 보인다.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.109-130
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• 2013

광양항만배후단지의 단기-중기-장기 벤치마킹 군집경로에 청도항만배후단지가 포함되어 있어 벤치마킹의 양적인 수준을 제시하였다. 그러나 구체적인 경쟁요인을 도출하고 우선순위를 파악에는 한계점이 있었다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적에서는 "광양과 칭다오 항만배후단지의 경쟁요인에 관한 비교분석"을 통해 광양항만배후단지와 칭다오 항만배후단지 경쟁요인의 우선순위를 파악하고자 한다. 주요 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 요인분석 결과, 공통성의 적재치가 0.6이상인 20개의 경쟁요인을 산출하였고 회전된 성분행렬 분석을 통해 '운영요인', '서비스요인', '비용요인', '항만인프라 요인', '배후지여건 요인' 등 5개 상위요인으로 그룹핑하였다. 둘째, 상위경쟁요인의 중요도를 분석한 결과 배후지여건요인(0.256)이 가장 중요한 요인으로 분석되었고, 복합가중치를 이용한 종합중요도에서는'배후인프라 시설', '배후지의 경제규모', '직배후도시와의 접근성' 등 요인의 중요도가 높게 분석되었다. 셋째, 최종대안에 대한 세부 속성별 중요도를 비교분석한 결과 광양항만배후단지는 '항만정보시스템', '다양한 행정서비스 지원', '국제항만과의 접근성', '세관의 효율성', '조세혜택' 등 5가지 요인이 칭다오항만배후단지보다 경쟁력이 높은 것으로 평가되었다.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.87-103
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• 2019

현재 상용화되어 있는 리튬이온전지에 사용하고 있는 비수계 유기 전해액은 가연성, 부식성, 고휘발성, 열적 불안정성 등의 단점 때문에 더욱 안전하고 장수명을 보이는 고체 전해질로 대체하는 연구가 진행되고 있으며, 이것은 전기자동차 및 에너지저장 시스템과 같은 중대형 이차전지에도 효율적으로 활용될 수 있다. 다양한 형태의 고체 전해질 중에서 현재 고분자 매트릭스에 활성 무기 충진재가 포함되어 있는 복합 고체 전해질이 고이온전도도와 전극과의 탁월한 계면접촉을 이루는데 가장 유리한 것으로 알려졌다. 본 총설에서는 우선 고체 전해질의 종류와 연혁에 관해 간단히 소개하고, 고분자 및 무기 충진재 (불활성 및 활성)로 구성되는 고체 고분자 전해질 및 무기 고체 전해질의 기본적 물성 및 전기화학적 특성을 개괄한다. 또한 이 소재들의 형상을 기준으로 입자형 (0D), 섬유형 (1D), 평판형 (2D), 입체형 (3D)의 형식으로 구성된 복합고체 전해질과 이에 따른 전고체 전지의 전기화학적 특성을 논의한다. 특히 리튬금속 음전극을 사용하는 전고체 전지에 있어서 양전극-전해질 계면, 음전극-전해질 계면, 입자간 계면의 특성에 관해 소개하고, 마지막으로 현재까지 보고된 관련 총설들을 참조하여 복합 고체 전해질 기술의 현재 요구조건 및 미래 전망을 알아본다.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.62-62
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• 2019

Bacterial leaf blight(BLB), caused by X. oryzae pv. oryzae(Xoo), is one of the most destructive diseases of rice due to its high epidemic potential. Understanding BLB resistance at a genetic level is important to further improve the rice breeding that provides one of the best approaches to control BLB disease. In the present investigation, a collection of 192 accessions was used in the genome-wide association study (GWAS) for BLB resistance loci against four Korean races of Xoo that were represented by the prevailing BLB isolates under Xoo differential system. A total of 192 accessions of rice germplasm were selected on the basis of the bioassay using four isolated races of Xoo such as K1 and K2. The selected accessions was used to prepare 384-plex genotyping by sequencing (GBS) libraries and Illumina HiSeq 2000 pairedend read was used for GBS sequencing. GWAS was conducted using TASSEL 5.0. The TASSEL program uses a mixed linear model (MLM). The results of the bioassay using a selected set of 192 accessions showed that a large number of accessions (93.75%) were resistant to K1 race and K2 resistant germplasm proportion remained between 66.67. The genotypic data produced SNP matrix for a total of 293,379 SNPs. After imputation the missing data was removed, which exhibited 34,724 SNPs for association analysis. GWAS results showed strong signals of association at a threshold of [-log10(P-value)] more than 5 (K1 and K2) for nine of the 39 SNPs, which are plausible candidate loci of resistance genes. These SNP loci were positioned on rice chromosome 2, 9, and 11 for K1 and K2 races. The significant loci detected have also been illustrated and make the CPAS markers for NBS-LRR type disease resistance protein, SNARE domain containing protein, Histone deacetylase 19, NADP-dependent oxidoreductase, and other expressed and unknown proteins. Our results provide a better understanding of the distribution of genetic variation of BLB resistance to Korean pathogen races and breeding of resistant rice.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.55-69
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• 2018

As disaster risk and climate change volatility increase, there are more efforts to adapt to disasters such as forest fires, floods, and landslides. Most of the research, however, is about influence of human activities on disaster and there is few research on disaster adaptation for species. Previous studies focusing on biodiversity in selecting conservation areas have not addressed threats of disaster in the habitats for species. The natural disasters sometimes play role of drivers of ecological successions in the long run, but they might cause serious problems for the conservation of vulnerable species which are endangered. The purpose of this study is to determine whether soil loss (SL) is effective in selecting habitat management areas for amphibians and reptiles. RUSLE model was used to calculate soil loss (SL) and the distribution of each species (SD) was computed with MaxEnt model to find out the biodiversity index. In order to select the habitat management area, we estimated the different results depending if value of soil loss was applied or not by using MARXAN, a conservation priority selection tool. With using MARXAN, conservation goals can be achieved according to the scenario objectives, and the study has been made to meet the minimum habitat area. Finally, the results are expressed in two; 1) the result of soil loss and biodiversity with MATRIX method and 2) the result of regional difference calculated with MARXAN conservation prioritization considering soil loss. The first result indicates that the area with high soil loss and low species diversity have lower conservation values and thus can be managed as natural disturbances. In the area where soil loss is high and species diversity is also high, it becomes where a disaster mitigation action should be taken for the species. According to the conservation priorities of the second result, higher effectiveness of conservation was obtained with fewer area when it considered SL in addition to SD, compared to when considered only biodiversity. When the SL was not taken into consideration, forest area with high distribution of species were important, but when SL considered, the agricultural area or downstream of the river were represented to be a major part of habitats. If more species data or disaster parameters other than soil loss are added as variables later, it could contribute as a reference material for decision-making to achieve various purposes.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.183-191
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• 2021

비간섭 부하 모니터링은 사용자 에너지 소비량의 실시간 모니터링을 통해 가전기기의 사용량 예측 및 분류를 하는 기술로, 최근 에너지 절약의 수단으로 관심이 증가하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 GAF(Gramian angular field) 기반 1차원 시계열 데이터를 2차원 행렬로 변환하는 기법과, 합성곱 신경망(convolutional neural networks)을 결합해 사용자 전력 사용량 데이터로부터 가전기기를 예측하는 시스템을 제안한다. 학습을 위해 공개 가정용 전력 데이터인 REDD(residential energy disaggregation dataset)를 사용하고, GASF(Gramian angular summation field), GADF(Gramian angular difference field)의 분류 정확도를 확인한다. 시뮬레이션 결과, 이중 상태(on/off)를 가지는 가전기기에서 두 모델 모두 97%의 정확도를 보였고, 다중 상태를 가지는 기기에서 GASF는 95%로 GADF보다 3% 높은 정확도를 보임을 확인하였다. 차후 데이터의 량을 증가시키고 모델을 최적화해 정확도와 속도를 개선할 예정이다.