• Applied Microscopy
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.211-218
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• 2010

The mammalian ovary is innervated by sympathetic and sensory neurons which contribute to regulating several aspects of ovarian function, including blood flow, steroidogenesis and follicular development. The existence of a neural connection between central neurons and the ovary has been rarely reported, but the mechanism underlying integration of ovarian activity to broader neuroendocrine responses has not been reported. We have now used a viral transneuronal tracing technique combined with a conventional retrograde labeling procedure of CT-HRP to demonstrate that oxytocin-producing neurons of the hypothalamus are synaptically connected to the ovary. Since ovarian activity is suppressed but the activity of oxytocin neurons is increased during breast feeding. Our finding that the oxytocinergic neural connection is likely to provide a direct transsynaptic mechanism by which the central nervous system maintains the state of infertility that accompanies lactation in mammals.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.33 no.5_3
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• pp.763-771
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• 2017

The purpose of this paper is to review the background and purpose of the special issue on Theory of Environment Geospatial Information and Its Applications in Korean Journal of Remote Sensing. The significance of the paper was also discussed. Environmental information refers to environment related information (literature, statistics, images, etc.) in a comprehensive manner. Such environmental information as a local change or issue of the environment is defined as environmental spatial information by developing in a spatial form. Remote sensing data is very useful as direct or indirect data including environmental spatial information on wide-area and local environment. Various applications will be possible not only in the environmental field through several improvements. For this purpose, first, refining and scientificization of technology to build environmental spatial information could be performed. Second, the application field can be expanded by developing the concept and contents of existing environmental spatial information. The third method is continuous increase of the application of existing environmental spatial information. In this paper, the direction of development was examined that reflects recent changes of environmental spatial information such as conversion of data formats and integration with ICT (Information and Communications Technologies). In particular, the basic technology for the construction of environmental spatial information was reviewed through various papers. Through the studies related to the above, utilization of domestic environmental spatial information would be diversified. Also, the development of environment policy and efficient management of environmental factors could be possible.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.20
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• pp.45-69
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• 2009

This study is to present effective and rational strategies by comparing and analyzing plans of some nations such as the United States, Britain, Germany and Japan against terrorism. Nations mentioned above have made alliance to prevent the possible terrorism after 9.11 attack and performed various tasks efficiently. The result of this study is summarized as follows. First, it is required that there should be an integrated system which works properly. Each nation has not distinguished natural disaster from man-made one based on the damage and the abilities of authorities to deal with. On the other hand, South Korea tells two disasters according to causes and runs distributed systems in which each government division performs its duties to manage each disaster. Accordingly, in economic terms, it is much more effective to provide integrated counter terrorism, not distributed one. Second, information sharing must be stimulated. To take actions quickly when an accident occurs, the government needs to have united and integrative systems, which make it prepare for various types of terrorism well. In addition, it is necessary for a government-related organization to tie up with other channels for collecting, analyzing and sharing information. For this, integrative systems for terrorism should be taken into consideration.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.63-78
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal aggregation interval to increase the reliability when estimating representative value of individual vehicle travel time collected by DSRC equipment in interrupted traffic flow section in National Highway. For this, we use the bimodal asymmetric distribution data, which is the distribution of the most representative individual vehicle travel time collected in the interrupted traffic flow section, and estimate the MSE(Mean Square Error) according to the variation of the aggregation interval of individual vehicle travel time, and determine the optimal aggregation interval. The estimation equation for the MSE estimation utilizes the maximum estimation error equation of t-distribution that can be used in asymmetric distribution. For the analysis of optimal aggregation interval size, the aggregation interval size of individual vehicle travel time was only 3 minutes or more apart from the aggregation interval size of 1-2 minutes in which the collection of data was normally lost due to the signal stop in the interrupted traffic flow section. The aggregation interval that causes the missing part in the data collection causes another error in the missing data correction process and is excluded. As a result, the optimal aggregation interval for the minimum MSE was 3~5 minutes. Considering both the efficiency of the system operation and the improvement of the reliability of calculation of the travel time, it is effective to operate the basic aggregation interval as 5 minutes as usual and to reduce the aggregation interval to 3 minutes in case of congestion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 1990

During the summer of 1989, the authors carried out the hydroacoustic surverys to investigate the vertical distribution of volume backscattering strength in the East China Sea and simultaneously the biological sampling of the scattering layers by bottom trawling. The echoes from the scattering layers was continuously measured by using a 50 kHz echo sounder during the day and night. A data acquisition system was used to record digitally the envelope of the echoes and the echo integration technique was used to determine the scattering strength proportional to biomass density in each layer. The vertical profiles of volume backscattering strength also were compared with the one of water temperature. The results obtained can be summarized as follows: 1. The vertical profiles of mean volume backscattering strength at day and night suggested that during the night the biggest fish concentrations appeared in the mixed layer above the thermocline and during the day near the bottom. In another profiles where the thermocline was not well developed, peaks in scattering appeared at midwater depths and near the bottom. 2. The maximum values of mean volume backscattering strengths varied from -49.3 dB to -48.0 dB on different regions and at different times of the day and night. 3. Trawl data indicated that the organisms consisting of the scattering layer near the bottom were squid and various species of demersal fishes.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.553-558
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• 2011

This paper describes the development and test result of S-band Transmitter flight model(FM) of STSAT-3 by satellite research center(SaTReC), KAIST. The communication sub-system of STSAT-3 is consist of two different frequency band channels, S-band for Telemetry & Command and X-band for mission data. S-band Transmitter(STX) functionally made of modulator, frequency synthesizer, power amp and DC/DC converter. The transmission data is modulated by FSK(Frequency Shift Keying) and the interface between spacecraft sub-module and STX is RS-422 standard method. The FM STX is based on modular design. The RF output power of STX is 1.5W(31.7dBm) and BER of STX is under $1{\times}10^{-5}$ which meets the specification respectively. The FM STX is delivered Spacecraft Assembly, Integration and Test(AIT) level through the completion of functional Test and environmental(vibration, thermal vacuum) Test successfully.

• World Technopolis Review
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.74-81
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• 2019

Cities will soon host two third of the population worldwide, and already today 80% of the world energy is used in the 20 largest cities. Urban areas create 80% of the greenhouse gas emission, so we should take care that urban areas are smart and sustainable as implementations have especially here the greatest impact. Smart Cities (SC) or Smart Sustainable Cities (SSC) are the actual concepts that describe methodologies how cities can handle the high density of citizens, efficiency of energy use, better quality of life indicators, high attractiveness for foreign investments, high attractiveness for people from abroad and many other critical improvements in a shifting environment. But if we talk about Entrepreneurship Ecosystem and Innovation, we do not see a lot of literature covering this topic within those SC/SSC concepts. It seems that 'Smart' implies that all is embedded, or isn't it properly covered as brick stone of SC/SSC concepts, as they are handled in another 'responsibility silo', meaning that the policy implementation of a Science and Technology Park (STP) is handled in another governing body than SC/SSC developments. If this is true, we will obviously miss a lot of synergy effects and economies of scale effects. Effects that we could have in case we stop the siloed approaches of STPs by following a more holistic concept of a Smart Sustainable City, covering also a continuous flow of innovation into the city, without necessarily always depend on large corporate SSC solutions. We try to argue that every SSC should integrate SP/STP concepts or better their features and services into their methodology. The very limited interconnectivity between these concepts within the governance models limits opportunities and performance in both systems. Redesigning the architecture of the governance models and accepting that we have to design a system-of-systems would support the possible technology flow for smart city technologies, it could support testbed functionalities and the public-private partnership approach with embedded business models. The challenge is of course in complex governance and integration, as we often face siloed approaches. But real SSC are smart as they are connecting all those unconnected siloes of stakeholders and technologies that are not yet interoperable. We should not necessarily follow anymore old greenfield approaches neither in SSCs nor in SP and STP concepts from the '80s that don't fit anymore, being replaced by holistic sustainability concepts that we have to implement in any new or revised SSC concepts. There are new demands for each SP/STP being in or close to an SC/SCC as they have a continuous demand for feeding the technology base and the application layer and should also act as testbeds. In our understanding, a big part of STP inputs and outputs are still needed, but in a revised and extended format. We know that most of the SC/STP studies claim the impact is still far from understood and often debated, therefore we must transform the concepts where SC/STPs are not own 'cities', but where they act as technology source and testbed for industry and new SSC business models, being part of the SC/STP concept and governance from the beginning.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.32 no.spc4_2
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• pp.413-420
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• 2014

Cadastral spatial information closely related to ownership of people is potentially very valuable information. As 3D cadastre has been actively discussed to reflect realistic living territory and legal relationship in recent years, it is highly expected to be created added value before long using that information. However, in aspect of visualization that performs an important function for decision making by facilitating intuitive thinking about spatial information, systematic solution has not been suggested to visualize the cadastral spatial information on a map with existing 3D spatial information. For that reason, in this paper, visualization method was proposed to integrate the cadastral spatial information with the existing information effectively. Requirements for 3D cadastral spatial information system were drawn based on literature review, and then specific visualization method was established by constructing user scenarios. Research results of this paper are highly expected to be applied to the integration work with the existing 3D information on a spatial information open platform.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.273-279
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• 2015

Phaeodactylum tricornutum is a model diatom that its genomic information and biological tools are well established. In this study, a gene encoding (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase (PtHDR), a terminal enzyme of the methylerythritol phosphate pathway regulating chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis, was isolated from P. tricornutum. The isolated gene was cloned into pPha-T1 vector containing fcpA promoter to prepare pPha-T1-HDR plasmid. As a positive control, pPha-T1-eGFP plasmid was constructed with egfp gene. Stable nuclear transformation was carried out with these plasmids by particle bombardment method and zeocin resistant colonies of P. tricornutum were selected on f/2 agar plate. In result, transformation efficiency was evaluated according to the amount of plasmid DNA coated with gold particles. Integration of introduced plasmids was confirmed with genomic DNA of each transformant by polymerase chain reaction. The eGFP fluorescence was visible in the cytoplasm, indicating that eGFP was successively expressed in P. tricornutum system. The transcript level of exogenous Pthdr gene was evaluated with the obtained transformants. The results presented here demonstrated that introduction of Pthdr gene into P. tricornutum chromosome succeeded and expression of PtHDR was enhanced under the fcpA promoter.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.195-209
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• 2009

The embedded software has been become more important than the hardware in mobile systems in ubiquitous society. The improvement models such as CMMI(Capability Maturity Model Integration) and SPICE(Software Process Improvement and Capability dEtermination) are used to improve the quality of software in general systems. Software process improvement is also necessary for mobile embedded software development to improve its quality. It is not easy to apply the general software improvement model to the mobile embedded software development due to the high cost effectiveness and heavy process. On the other hand, XP has the characteristics on focused communications with customers and iteration development. It is specially suitable for mobile embedded software development as depending on customer's frequent requirement changes and hardware attributes. In this paper, we propose a framework for development small process improvement based XP(eXtreme Programming)'s practice in order to accomplish CMMI level 2 or 3 in mobile embedded software development at the small organizations. We design and implement the Mobile Embedded Software Process Improvement System(MESPIS) to support process improvement. We also suggest the evaluation method for the mobile embedded software development process improvement framework with CMMI coverage check by comparing other process improvement model. In the future, we need to apply this proposed framework to real project for practical effectiveness and the real cases quantitative. It also include the enhance the functionality of MESPIS.