• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.31-48
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was performed to observe the correlations between the results of ABR-2000 and DSOM / 3D-MAC to evaluate the feasibility of ABR-2000 as a oriental medical diagnostic criteria. Methods: We studied 547 women visiting ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ hospital from December 2012 to June 2015. The subjects were categorized in two groups, 'Hypotonia' and 'Non-Hypotonia' by the result of ABR-2000 and assessed the result of DSOM, 3D-MAC for each group. The differences of pulse wave factors by group also studied. Results: 1. There was no significant difference between two groups about the output frequency of pathogenic factors in DSOM while the result showed the higher correlation in Hypotonia group in terms of the companion tendency of pathogenic factors and syndromes formed by the combination of pathogenic factors. 2. The pulse waves of Hypotonia group were mostly slow, weak, tense and stiff than Non-Hypotonia group. Conclusions: 1. In Hypotonia group, yin deficiency (陰虛) factor was frequently accompanied and consumption (虛損) of various organs based on the yin deficiency (陰虛) was observed. It means chronic and severe condition of exhaustion syndrome (虛勞). 2. The result of 3D-MAC also means pathological feature of yin syndrome (陰 證) and consumption (虛損). Besides, lower scores of Body Surface Area (BSA), body weight, and Body Mass Index (BMI) were associated with body weakness (體瘦), a symptom of exhaustion syndrome (虛勞).

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.52-59
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• 1999

Vegetation canopy plays an important role in $CO_2$/$H_2$O exchange between the biosphere and the atmosphere by controlling leaf stomata. In this study, rice (Oryza sativa L.), a staple crop in Asia was investigated to formulate its single leaf model of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. Photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were measured with a portable infrared gas analyzer system. Other plant and meteorological variables were also measured. To evaluate empirical constants in this biochemical leaf model, nonlinear least squares technique was used. The maximum catalytic activity of enzyme and the maximum rate of electron transport were $ 100\mu$㏖ $m^{-2}$ $s^{-1}$ and $140 \mu$㏖ m$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ (@ 35$^{\circ}C$), respectively. The empirical constants, m and b, associated with stomatal conductance model were 9.7 and $0.06 m^{-2}$ $s^{-1}$ , respectively. On a leaf scale, agreements between the modeled and the measured values of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were on average within 20%, and the simulation of diurnal variation was also satisfactory On a canopy scale, the Simple Biosphere model(SiB2) was tested using the derived parameters. The modeled energy fluxes were compared against the micrometeorologically measured fluxes over a rice canopy. Agreements between the modeled and the measured values of net radiation, sensible heat and latent heat fluxes, and $CO_2$ flux (i.e., net canopy photosynthesis) were on average within 25%.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.137-149
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• 1994

This study was performed to investigate the relationship between Forward Head Posture(FHP) and Craniomandlbular Disorders(CMDs). Many studies reported that there was some relationship between them, however, there is still controversy. So It Is necessary to observe and compare many more patients with CMDs wirh normal controls. For the study 85 patients with CMDs and 37 dental students were selected as experimentals and controls, respectively. And the experimentals were classified Into two groups, that is, TMJ internal derangement group and muscle disorders group according to clinical diagnosis. For measuring the FHP, CROM(Cervical-Range-of-Notion)was used. This goniometer is composed of three part. First, gravity goniometer for flexion and extension. Second, magnetic compass and yoke for rotational movement. And last, forward head arm and vertebra locator for forward head posture. Next T-Scan, electronic occlusal analyzer, was used for recording of occlusal contact state. Other items such as maximum opening, lateral excursion, Helkimo's anamnestic index, and muscle palpation point from Friction's craniomandibular index were checked clinically by one examiner. The result of this study were as follows : 1. In male, control group showed much more measurement in resting forward head posture than did experimental group. But there were not significant differences between groups in female subject. From this results, the author contended that CROM is new measuring system and differ from other goniometers in some aspect, so that results should be re-evaluated 2. Mean value of maximum mouth opening in nearly all groups were greater than 40mm. and mouth opening had a significant correlation with occlusal force and with anamnestic index both sex. 3. Mean value of palpation point had not any correlationship with forward head posture in both sex, but there was significant difference between upper and lower group by rounded shouldes. 4. In summary, there was no significant relationship between forward head posture and sign and symptom of Craniomandibular Disorders.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.49-54
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• 2020

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of Accura to that of the T-scan for indicating occlusal contacts. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Twenty-four subjects were selected. Their maxillary dental casts were scanned with a model scanner. The Stereolithography files of the casts were positioned to align with the occlusal plane. Occlusal surfaces of every tooth were divided into three to six anatomic regions. T-scan and Accura recordings were made during two masticatory cycles. The T-scan and Accura images were captured at the maximum bite force and overlapped to the cast. Photographs of interocclusal records were used as the reference during overlap. The occlusal contacts were counted to compare the T-scan and Accura. McNemar's test was used for statistical significance and the corresponding P-values were calculated from a chi-square distribution with one degree of freedom. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of Accura were calculated relative to the T-scan values as a control. RESULTS. No statistical differences (P>.05) were found between the T-scan and Accura methods. The accuracy of Accura was 75.8%, sensitivity was 82.1%, specificity was 60.1%, PPV was 82.9%, and NPV was 60.1%. CONCLUSION. Accura could be another possible option as a computerized occlusal analysis system for indicating occlusal contacts at maximum intercuspation.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.44-54
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• 2009

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of obesity on the physiological levels of adiponectin, leptin and components of metabolic syndrome (MS) in male workers, aged 30-40 years. Methods: Body mass index (BMI) was measured with Anthropometric equipment. Blood pressure and serum parameters were measured with an automatic digital sphygmomanometer and autochemical analyzer, respectively. Adiponectin and leptin were analysed by ELISA kits and MS was defined based on the NCEP-ATP III. Results: Body fat mass of waist and hip, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher, as expected, in the BMI>25kg/$m^2$ in comparison with the $BMI{\leq}25kg/m^2$. While fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and leptin in the BMI>25kg/$m^2$ were also significantly higher compared with $BMI{\leq}25kg/m^2$, HDL-cholesterol and adiponectin were significantly higher in $BMI{\leq}25kg/m^2$. On multiple logistic regression analysis for the components of MS, exercise, adiponectin and leptin were an only independent factor for MS in non-obese male workers($BMI{\leq}25kg/m^2$) after adjustment for age, cigarette smoking and drinking habits. Conclusion: These results suggested that the obesity in men was associated with physiological levels of adiponectin and leptin contributing to feedback control of MS and that dysfunction and/or declination in feedback control system associated with changes in physiological levels of neurptrophics: adiponectin and leptin might ultimately induce MS.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.706-713
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• 2011

The effects of silica-alumina type catalysts addition on the thermal decomposition of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) resin have been studied in a thermal analyzer (TGA, DSC) and a small batch reactor. The silica-alumina type compounds tested were kaolinite, bentonite, perlite, activated clay and clay. As the results of TGA experiments, pyrolysis starting temperature for EVA resin had the 1st pyrolysis temperature range of 300~$400^{\circ}C$ and the 2nd pyrolysis temperature range of 425~$525^{\circ}C$. The silica-alumina type catalysts did not affect the pyrolysis rate in EVA pyrolysis reaction. In the DSC experiments, addition of kaolinite and bentonite catalysts reduced the heat of fusion and heat of 2nd pyrolysis reaction. In the batch system experiments, the mixing of silica-alumina type catalysts enhanced the yield of fuel oil, and affected to the distribution of carbon numbers. In the silica-alumina type inorganic material used in this experiments, bentonite was the most effective from the pyrolysis heat, yields, and the characteristics of fuel oil.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.40-45
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• 2011

In this paper, to develop a broadband power line communication modem and network technologies, we analysis the characteristics of underground power line communication channel through actual tests. To measure the amount of attenuation by length and structure of broadband power line communication channel, we configure a measurement system of the channel with signal generator, spectrum analyzer and non-contacted coupler. For actual tests, we choose two of the longest lines among medium-voltage lines as a single line in the test lines and measure the characteristics of noise and signal attenuation level of the channel. The experimental results show that the channel has a impulse noise which can remarkably reduce communication capability. In the case of long lines, high-frequency attenuation appeared by length of the lines.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.94-104
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• 2013

In solar system, Mars which has the most similar environment with the Earth has been steadily studied for the purpose of habitable environment for the future manned exploration and settlement. During the daytime, Martian ionosphere can be used for the ground-ground communications between lander and rover through the reflection of the radio wave from ionosphere. In addition, researches about Martian ionosphere provide the link of revolution of water and atmosphere. Martian ionospheric observations were performed by the occultation experiments onboard Mariner, Mars, Viking series during early Martian explorations as well as recent Mars Global Surveyor. Low frequency radar and plasma analyzer are on board Mars Express and Viking-1, 2 lander obtained the only vertical plasma density profile during their entry phase. In this paper, we studied the characteristics of scientific payloads observing Martian ionosphere and then analyzed the usability of ionospheric research according to the communication and climate on Mars.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.530-536
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• 2009

A cycloaliphatic epoxy/acidic anhydride system incorporating short carbon fibers (SCF) and short glass fibers (SGF) was fabricated and thermal/mechanical properties were characterized. At low filler content both SCF- and SGF-reinforced composites showed a similar decrease in coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), measured by a thermomechanical analyzer, with increasing loadings, above which SCF became more effective than SGF at reducing the CTE. Experimental CTE data for the SCF-reinforced composites is best described by the rule of mixtures at lower SCF contents and by the Craft-Christensen model at higher SCF contents. Storage modulus (E') at $30^{\circ}C$ and $180^{\circ}C$ was greatly enhanced for short fiber-filled composites compared to unfilled specimens, Scanning electron microscopy of the fracture surfaces indicated that the decreased CTE and the increased E' of the short fiber-reinforced composites resulted from good interfacial adhesion between the fibers and epoxy matrix.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.173-179
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• 2009

The analysis of serum free light chains (sFLCs) can improve the diagnosis and monitoring of multiple myeloma and other plasma cell dyscrasias. As with other immunoassays, sFLCstests are subject to potential antigen excess and heterophilic antibody interference. We describe 9 cases of sFLCs antigen excess in patients with multiple myeloma using the FreeliteTM Human Kappa and Lambda Free Kits (The Binding Site ltd., Birmingham, UK) and the Hitachi7600 P module turbidimetric system. A total of 1,247 consecutive samples from 250 patients with multiple myeloma were assayed for sFLCs from April to September, 2009. The samples were assayed using an initial dilution of 1 :5and subsequent dilutions of 1 :50 and 1: 100. The same samples were analyzed for the presence of monoclonal gammopathies using serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) and immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE). There were 9 samples (0.72%) of antigen excess with 3 cases of kappa (0.24%) and 6 cases of lambda (0.48%). These cases represents an example of antigen excess or "hook effect" using the serum free light chain assays and mandates high level of attention to falsely low sFLC levels due to antigen excess, especially when it is disaccordant to other assay results or clinical manifestations.