• Carbon letters
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.285-291
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• 2007

Carbon materials of various morphologies were synthesized by pyrolysis of Soap-nut seeds (Sapindus mukorossi), Jack Fruit seeds (Artocarpus heterophyllus), Date-seeds (Phoenix dactylifera), Neem seeds (Azadirachta indica), Tea leaves (Ehretia microphylla), Bamboo stem (Bambusa bambus) and Coconut fiber (Cocos nucifera), without using any catalyst. Carbon materials thus formed were characterized by SEM XRD and Raman. Carbon thus synthesized varied in size (in ${\mu}m$) but all showed highly porous morphology. These carbon materials were utilized as the anode in Lithium secondary battery. Amongst the various precursors, carbon fibers obtained from Soap-nut seeds (Sapindus mukorossi) and Bamboo stem (Bambusa bambus), even after $100^{th}$ cycles, showed the highest capacity of 130.29 mAh/g and 92.74 mAh/g respectively. Morphology, surface areas and porosity of carbon materials obtained from these precursors were analyzed to provide interpretation for their capacity to intercalate lithium. From the Raman studies it is concluded that graphitic nature of carbon materials assist in the intercalation of lithium. Size of cavity (or pore size of channels type structure) present in carbon materials were found to facilitate the intercalation of lithium.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.199-203
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• 2010

Hybridization of semiconductor materials with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is a recent field of interest in which new nanodevice fabrication and applications are expected. In this work, nanowire type GaAs structures are synthesized on porous single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as templates using the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) technique. The field emission properties of the as-synthesized products were investigated to suggest their potential applications as cold electron sources, as well. The SWCNT template was synthesized by the arc-discharge method. SWCNT samples were heat-treated at $400^{\circ}C$ under an $N_2/O_2$ atmosphere to remove amorphous carbon. After heat treatment, GaAs was grown on the SWCNT template. The growth conditions of the GaAs in the MBE system were set by changing the growth temperatures from $400^{\circ}C$ to $600^{\circ}C$. The morphology of the GaAs synthesized on the SWCNTs strongly depends on the substrate temperature. Namely, nano-crystalline beads of GaAs are formed on the CNTs under $500^{\circ}C$, while nanowire structures begin to form on the beads above $600^{\circ}C$. The crystal qualities of GaAs and SWCNT were examined by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectra. The field emission properties of the synthesized GaAs nanowires were also investigated and a low turn-on field of $2.0\;V/{\mu}m$ was achieved. But, the turn-on field was increased in the second and third measurements. It is thought that arsenic atoms were evaporated during the measurement of the field emission.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.122-127
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 비정질 탄소박막들(a-C, a-C:H, a-C:N)을 흑연타겟이 부착되어진 비대칭 마그네트론 스퍼터링법을 이용하여 증착하였으며, 음의 DC 바이어스 전압의 효과를 알아보기 위해 증착가스 압력내에서 200 V를 인가하여 탄소박막들을 제작하였다. 수소화된 비정질 탄소박막과 질화탄소박막은 각각 스퍼터링 가스로써 아세틸렌과 질소를 주입하여 제작하였다. 결과적으로 26.5 GPa의 높은경도와 0.1 nm의 낮은 거칠기 그리고 접착력은 30.5 N를 가지는 수소화된 비정질 탄소박막을 합성하였으며, 32 N의 좋은 접착 특성을 나타내는 질화 탄소 박막을 합성하였다. 본 논문에서는 아세틸렌과 질소 가스의 효과와 음의 DC 바이어스 전압에 따른 비정질 탄소박막들의 구조적 특성과 물리적 특성과의 관계를 규명하였다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.246-249
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• 2013

Nano-sized ${\beta}$-SiC nanoparticles were synthesized combined with a sol-gel process and a carbothermal process. TEOS and carbon black were used as starting materials for the silicon source and carbon source, respectively. $SiO_2$ nanoparticles were synthesized using a sol-gel technique (Stober process) combined with hydrolysis and condensation. The size of the particles could be controlled by manipulating the relative rates of the hydrolysis and condensation reactions of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) within the micro-emulsion. The average particle size and morphology of synthesized silicon dioxide was about 100nm and spherical, respectively. The average particles size and morphology of the used carbon black powders was about 20nm and spherical, respectively. The molar ratio of silicon dioxide and carbon black was fixed to 1:3 in the preparation of each combination. $SiO_2$ and carbon black powders were mixed in ethanol and ball-milled for 12 h. After mixing, the slurries were dried at $80^{\circ}C$ in an oven. The dried powder mixtures were placed in alumina crucibles and synthesized in a tube furnace at $1400{\sim}1500^{\circ}C$ for 4 h with a heating rate of $10^{\circ}C$/min under flowing Ar gas (160 cc/min) and furnace cooling down to room temperature. SiC nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, TEM, and SAED. The XRD results showed that high purity beta silicon carbide with excellent crystallinity was synthesized. TEM revealed that the powders are spherical shape nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 15 to 30 nm with a narrow distribution.

• Carbon letters
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.184-191
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• 2010

Carbon nanotubes are unique tubular structures of nanometer diameter and large length/diameter ratio. The nanotubes may consist of one up to tens and hundreds of concentric shells of carbons with adjacent shells separation of ~0.34 nm. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes were synthesized by arc-discharge technique. MWCNTs were formed at the cathode deposit along with other carbonaceous materials like amorphous carbon, graphite etc. However, to get the best advantage of carbon nanotubes in various advanced applications, these undesired carbonaceous materials to be removed which is a challenging task. In the present study, various techniques were tried out for purifying MWCNTs such as physical filtration, chemical treatment and thermal annealing. SEM, FTIR, TGA and BET techniques were used to characterize the CNTs at various stages. Results shows that suitable chemical treatment followed by thermal annealing under controlled flow of oxygen gives the better route for purification of carbon nanotubes.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회B
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• pp.2154-2159
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• 2007

The potential of using a double-faced wall stagnation flow burner in mass production of carbon nanotubes was evaluated experimentally and computationally. With nitrogen-diluted premixed ethylene-air flames established on the Nickel-coated stainless steel double-faced wall, the propensities of carbon nanotube formation were experimentally determined using SEM and FE-TEM images and Raman spectroscopy, while the flame structure was computationally predicted using a 3-dimensional CFD code with a reduced reaction mechanism. The uniformity and yields of synthesized carbon nanotubes were evaluated in terms of the flame stretch rates. Results show substantial increase of area on the wall surface where uniform carbon nanotubes are synthesized with using the double-faced wall stagnation flow burner due to enhanced uniformity of temperature distribution along the wall surface and support the potential of using a double-faced wall stagnation flow burner in mass production of carbon nanotubes.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.242-247
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• 2004

Using Ar plasama and Fe-phthalocyanine, carbon nanofibers have been synthesized at a low temperature. Fe-phthalocyanine was used as a source material for this process. The carbon nanofibers were grown in random orientation with a diameter of about 100 nm and length up to 10${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ on Si substrate. The synthesized carbon nanofibers exhibited excellent field emission characteristics. Protrusions with a nanometer size are observed at an angle of 60$^{\circ}$with respect to the nanofiber axis. Furthermore, we found the selective growth of nanofibers on a scratched substrates.

• Journal of Ceramic Processing Research
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.388-394
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• 2019

In this study, high-purity single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were prepared by removing the unreacted metal constituents and amorphous carbon impurities using a post-annealing process. Unlike conventional thermal processing techniques, this technique involved different gas atmospheres for efficient removal of impurities. A heat treatment was conducted in the presence of chlorine, oxygen, and chlorine + oxygen gases. The nanotubes demonstrated the best characteristics, when the heat treatment was conducted in the presence of a mixture of chlorine and oxygen gases. The scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet absorbance, and sheet resistance measurements showed that the heat treatment process efficiently removed the unreacted metal and amorphous carbon impurities from the as-synthesized SWCNTs. The high-purity SWCNTs exhibited improved electrical conductivities. Such high-purity SWCNTs can be used in various carbon composites for improving the sensitivity of gas sensors.

• 공업화학
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.615-618
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• 1998

수성 교질법에 의한 제올라이트 합성 과정에서 활성탄을 부가함으로써 제올라이트 결정화 과정에 미치는 영향과 활성탄 기공 내에서의 제올라이트 결정의 담지현상을 조사하였다. A형 제올라이트를 합성하기 위한 몰 조성비로 조절된 알루미노 실리케이트 겔상에 5 wt % 정도의 활성탄을 첨가할 경우에는 그대로 A형 제올라이트가 생성되었으나 15 wt % 정도 첨가할 경우에는 대부분이 X형이고 일부 A형과 P형 제올라이트가 혼재된 상태로 결정화가 일어났으며, 20 wt %이상 첨가할 경우에는 순수한 X형 제올라이트가 생성되었다. 활성탄의 기공 입구와 내부에는 $1{\mu}m$ 이하의 미세한 제올라이트 결정들이 서로 엉겨붙어 있는 형태로 관찰되었으며, 기공분포 및 입도분포 결과로부터 단순히 제올라이트와 활성탄의 혼합물 형태가 아니라 활성탄 기공 내에 미세한 제올라이트 결정들이 담지되어 있는 복합 소재임을 확인하였다.

• 대한전기학회논문지
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• 제39권10호
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• pp.1037-1043
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• 1990

Diamond thin films were synthesized from the mixed gases of methane and hydrogen on silicon substrates by RF plasma chemical vapor deposition and deposited films were investigated by SEM, X-ray diffractometry and Raman spectroscopy. It is found that high quality diamond-like carbon films were successfully synthesized by PECVD under the deposition condition of 1-10 vol% of methane concentration, 0.15-0.4torr of reactor pressure, 500W of RF power, and 5-20hr of reaction time. Especially, cubo-octahedral diamond-like carbon particles were synthesized by employing 1.0 vol % of methane concentration and 0.4torr of the reactor pressure.