• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 2008

Ontologies are expected in various areas as promising tools to improve communication among people and to achieve interoperability among systems. For communications between different business domains, building an ontology through integrating existing ontologies is more efficient way than building the ontology without them. However, integration of ontologies is very struggling work since languages, domains, and structures of ontologies are different from each other. In this paper, we suggest an Ontology Architecture which solves this problem by providing a systematic framework to classify ontologies from three kinds of viewpoints : language, domain range, constructs. The Ontology Architecture consists of 3 axes according to the 3 viewpoints : Ontology Meta Layer axis, Semantic Domain Layer axis, and Ontology Constructs Layer axis. Because 3 axes in Ontology Architecture are designed to improve the syntactic and semantic interoperability among ontologies, the integration of ontologies can be readily achieved.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.33-42
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• 2005

As the networks connect the world, enterprises tend to move manufacturing activities into virtual spaces. Since different software applications use different data terminology, it becomes a problem to interoperate, interchange, and manage electronic data among heterogeneous systems. It is said that approximately one billion dollar has been being spent yearly in USA for product data exchange and interoperability. As commercial CAD systems have brought in the concept of design feature for the sake of interoperability, terminologies of design features need to be harmonized. In order to define design feature terminology for integration, knowledge about feature definitions of different CAD systems should be considered. STEP standard have attempted to solve this problem, but it defines only syntactic data representation so that semantic data integration is not possible. This paper proposes a methodology for integrating modeling features of CAD systems. We utilize the ontology concept to build a data model of design features which can be a semantic standard of feature definitions of CAD systems. Using feature ontology, we implement an integrated virtual database and a simple system which searches and edits design features in a semantic way.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 2004

As the networks connect the world, enterprises tend to move manufacturing activities into virtual spaces. Since different applications use different data terminology, it becomes a problem to interoperate, interchange, and manage electronic data among different systems. According to RTI, approximately one billion dollar has been being spent yearly for product data exchange and interoperability. As commercial CAD systems have brought in the concept of design feature for the sake of interoperability, terminologies of design feature need to be harmonized. In order to define design feature terminology for integration, knowledge about feature definitions of different CAD systems should be considered. STEP (Standard for the Exchange of Product model data) have attempted to solve this problem, but it defines only syntactic data representation so that semantic data integration is unattainable. In this paper, we utilize the ontology concept to build a data model of design feature which can be a semantic standard of feature definitions of CAD systems. Using feature ontology, we implement an integrated virtual database and a simple system which searches and edits design features in a semantic way. This paper proposes a methodology for integrating modeling features of CAD systems.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.41-49
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• 2017

The 'NIST Framework and Road Map for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards' proposes an architecture framework to secure the direction of development and standard interoperability of smart grid and provides a list of identified standard, standard cyber security strategies, and certification framework. In particular, SEP 2.0 and OpenADR 2.0 are the examples. SEP 2.0 and OpenADR 2.0 can functionally link HEMS and Smart Grid, but interoperability standards between the two protocols are not planned in above document. The OpenADR Alliance also announced that work is underway to define mapping tables for interoperability between OpenADR 2.0 and SEP 2.0, but no information is yet available. Therefore, In this paper, in developing energy efficiency improvement HEMS, we propose a mapping model that supports syntactic and semantic founded interoperability between SEP 2.0 and OpenADR 2.0b for ICT grid convergence based on the standard specification document of each protocol and confirmed through an example of the semantic mapping function based on the demand response service scenario.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.59-69
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• 2022

For effective battlefield situation awareness and command resolution, information exchange without seams between systems is essential. However, since each system was developed independently for its own purposes, it is necessary to ensure interoperability between systems in order to effectively exchange information. In the case of our military, semantic interoperability is guaranteed by utilizing the common message format for data exchange. However, simply standardizing the data exchange format cannot sufficiently guarantee interoperability between systems. Currently, the U.S. and NATO are developing and utilizing information exchange models to achieve semantic interoperability further than guaranteeing a data exchange format. The information exchange models are the common vocabulary or reference model,which are used to ensure the exchange of information between systems at the content-meaning level. The information exchange models developed and utilized in the United States initially focused on exchanging information directly related to the battlefield situation, but it has developed into the universal form that can be used by whole government departments and related organizations. On the other hand, NATO focused on strictly expressing the concepts necessary to carry out joint military operations among the countries, and the scope of the models was also limited to the concepts related to command and control. In this paper, the background, purpose, and characteristics of the information exchange models developed and used in the United States and NATO were identified, and comparative analysis was performed. Through this, we intend to present implications when developing a Korean information exchange model in the future.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.41-61
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• 2011

In order to buy products through the Internet, consumers dissipate much time and efforts in collecting and comparing product information from various online shopping malls. Consumers can save their efforts by using price comparison sites, but there are some shortcomings in comparison shopping. Firstly, comparison sites do not show the lowest price of some products that are selling in shopping malls. Secondly, the product information provided by comparison sites is sometimes wrong. Thirdly, there are too many results. In order to overcome the shortcomings, we suggested a comparison shopping system based on RSS by using ontology matching. We used the current RSS standard for syntactic interoperability instead of suggesting new standards. Moreover, we used ontology matching for semantic interoperability to compare product information with different ontologies. The suggested ontology matching consists of three steps. The first step is finding exact sense from WordNet for a given product category, and the second step is searching for matching product category candidates from the products of RSS feeds. The final step is calculating similarities of the candidates with the target product category. From the experiments, we could get better recall rates that are suitable for e-commerce environments and the results show that our system is effective in product comparison.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.269-290
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• 2007

RSS is a core component of Web 2.0 which is expected to lead the most important innovation in the new IT environment. In that sense, it is actively utilized to distribute Web contents in various areas such as news, blog, multimedia, medical information, and conference and journal information. Also, it is expected to be a major effective marketing tool in electronic commerce domain. In the paper, we analyzed the problems of current utilization of RSS in domestic shopping malls, and suggest requirements for the effective use of RSS in electronic commerce. Furthermore, we proposed various issues and answers on the implementation of the requirements, and designed the intelligent RSS framework for electronic commerce based on the issues. Syntactic and semantic interoperability between the RSS service provider and the user is one of the most important issues in the framework. We suggested how to implement the interoperability based on Semantic Web technologies.

• Korea Information Processing Society Review
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.56-75
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• 2004

In this article we address some system characteristics and challenging issues in developing Context-aware Middleware for Ubiquitous Computing. The functionalities of a Context-aware Middleware includes gathering context data from hardware/software sensors, reasoning and inferring high-level context data, and disseminating/delivering appropriate context data to interested applications/services. The Middleware should facilitate the query, aggregation, and discovery for the contexts, as well as facilities to specify their privacy policy. Following a formal context model using ontology would enable syntactic and semantic interoperability, and knowledge sharing between different domains. Moddleware should also provide different kinds of context classification mechanical as pluggable modules, including rules written in different types of logic (first order logic, description logic, temporal/spatial logic, fuzzy logic, etc.) as well as machine-learning mechanical (supervised and unsupervised classifiers). Different mechanisms have different power, expressiveness and decidability properties, and system developers can choose the appropriate mechanism that best meets the reasoning requirements of each context. And finally, to promote the context-trigger actions in application level, it is important to provide a uniform and platform-independent interface for applications to express their need for different context data without knowing how that data is acquired. The action could involve adapting to the new environment, notifying the user, communicating with another device to exchange information, or performing any other task.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.796-800
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• 2009

Currently, there are many software tools that can generate 3D human figure models and animations based on the advancement of computer graphics technology. However, we still have problems in interoperability of human data models in different applications because common data models do not exist. To address this issue, the Web3D Consortium and the ISO/IEC JTC1 SC24 WG6 have developed the H-Anim standard. However, H-Anim does not include human motion data formats although it defines the structure of a human figure. This research is intended to obtain interoperable human animation by defining the data for human motions in H- Anim figures. In this paper, we describe a syntactic method to define motion data for the H-Anim figure and its implementation. In addition, we describe a method of specifying motion parameters necessary for generating animations by using an arbitrary character model data set created by a general graphics tool.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.9D no.6
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• pp.1091-1096
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• 2002

This paper presents the development of a protein interaction database. The developed system is characterized as follows. First, the proposed system not only maintains interaction data collected by an experiment, but also the genomic information of the protein data. Secondly, the system can extract details on interacting proteins through the developed wrappers. Thirdly, the system is based on wrapper-based system in order to extract the biologically meaningful data from various web sources and integrate them into a relational database. The system inherits a layered-modular architecture by introducing a wrapper-mediator approach in order to solve the syntactic and semantic heterogeneity among multiple data sources. Currently the system has wrapped the relevant data for about 40% of about 11,500 proteins on average from various accessible sources. A wrapper-mediator approach makes a protein interaction data comprehensive and useful with support of data interoperability and integration. The developing database will be useful for mining further knowledge and analysis of human life in proteomics studies.