• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 1995.06b
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• pp.77-96
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• 1995

To obtain basic informations for the improvement of seed potato production in Korea, some etiological properties of potato virus Y(PVY) distributed in the major seed potato production area(Daekwanryeong) were characterized, and the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the coat protein gene of the PVY strains isolated were analyzed. PVY strains in Daekwonryeong, an alpine area, were identified to be two strains, PVYo and PVYN by symptoms of indicator plants, and their distribution in potato fields was similar. Major symptom on potato varieties by PVY was grouped as either mosaic alone or mosaic accompanied with veinal necrosis in the lower leaves. The symptom occurrence of the two symptoms was similar with Irish Cobbler, but Superior showed a higher rate of mosaic symptom than the other. The PVY strain which was isolated from potato cv. Superior showing typical mosaic symptoms produced symptoms of PVY-O on the indicator plants of Chenopodium amaranticolor, Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi nc and Physalis floridana, but no symptom o Capsicum annum cv. Ace. Moreover, results from the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies showed that the isolated PVY reacts strongly with PYV-O antibodies but does not react specifically with PVY-T antibodies. The purified virus particles were flexious with a size of 730$\times$11nm. On the basis of the above characteristics, the strain was identified to be a PVY-O and named as of PVY-K strain. The flight of vector aphids was observed in late May, however, the first occurrence of infected plants was in mid June with the bait plants surrounded with PVY-infected potato plants and early July with the bait plants surrounded with PVY-free potato plants. PVY infection rates by counting symptoms on bait plants (White Burley) were 1.1% with the field surrounded with PVY-free potato plants and 13.7% the fields surrounded with PVY-infected potato plants, showing the effect of infection pressure. The propagated PVY-K strain on tobacco(N. sylvestris) was purified, and the RNA of the virus was extracted by the method of phenol extraction. The size of PVY-K RNA was measured to be 9, 500 nucleotides on agarose gel electrophoresis. The double-stranded cDNAs of PVY-K coat protein(CP) gene derived by the method of polymerase chain reaction were transformed into the competent cells of E. coli JM 109, and 2 clones(pYK6 and pYK17) among 11 clones were confirmed to contain the full-length cDNA. Purified plasmids from pYK17 were cut with Sph I and Xba I were deleted with exonuclease III and were used for sequencing analysis. The PVY-K CP gene was comprised of 801 nucleotides when counted from the clevage site of CAG(Gln)-GCA(Ala) to the stop codon of TGA and encoded 267 amino acids. The molecular weight of the encoded polypeptides was calculated to be 34, 630 daltons. The base composition of the CP gene was 33.3% of adenine, 25.2% of guanine, 20.1% of cytosine and 21.4% of uracil. The polypeptide encoded by PVY-K CP gene was comprised of 22 alanines, 20 threonines, 19 glutamic acids and 18 glycines in order. The homology of nucleotide sequence of PVY-K CP gene with those of PVY-O(Japan), PVY-T(Japan), PVY-TH(Japan), PVYN(the Netherlands), and PVYN(France) was represented as 97.3%, 88.9%, 89.3%, 89.6% and 98.5%, respectively. The amino acid sequence homology of the polypeptide encoded by PVY-K CP gene with those encoded by viruses was represented as 97.4%, 92.5%, 92.9%, 92.9%, and 98.5%, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.532-546
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to investigate the level of intimate partner violence (IPV), beliefs and attitudes toward IPV and depression in victims of IPV and to identify factors influencing their depression. Methods: This was a descriptive study using a questionnaire. The Woman Abuse Screening Tool was used for examination of IPV, and the tool developed by Saunders, Lynch, Grayson & Linz(1987) and Haj - Yahia (2003) was used for examination of beliefs and attitudes toward IPV. The CES -D Scale was used for evaluation of depression. Results: A total of 172 victims were recruited. The level of IPV was low ($1.36{\pm}0.30$ out of 3) and the level depression was mild depression ($11.57{\pm}11.30$, out of 60). Beliefs and attitudes toward IPV were not positive (2.51 out of 5). A significant relationship was observed between beliefs and attitudes toward IPV, level of IPV and depression. Factor influencing depression was physical abuse, and that was explained by 13.5% (F=3.600, p=.001). Conclusion: According to these results, depression was a significant symptom in victims of IPV, therefore, health care providers should recognize depression as a significant indicator of IPV and should evaluate women with depression regarding their experience with IPV.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 1987

The stress fracture is a disease caused by and abnormal stress to the normal bone with constant, repeated pull. Early detection of stress fracture plays an important role in treatment and prevention of its complication. Bone scintigraphy was performed to evaluate 18 patients with stress fracture of the lower extremities from May, 1985 to April, 1987, in the Department of Internal Medicine of National Police Hospital. The results were as follows: 1) Seventeen of the 18 cases showed positive bone scans at the initial study performed from 1 week to S months after the onset of symtom. 2) Ten of the 18 patients had findings of stress fracture at the initial X-ray film. Two out of 8 negative case revealed positive findings in the follow-up studies. 3) The bone scans in the 2 cases taken 5 months after the onset of symton; the one showed only slightly increased radiouptake, the other showed no abnormal findings. In conclusion, bone scanning is a more sensitive indicator of early stress fracture than radiologic study. The healing phase is characterized by a gradual decline in radioactivity at the fracture site in concordance with subsidence of symptom.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.114-117
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• 2005

As the indication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has expanded to the more difficult and complicated cases, frequent restenosis is still expected after PCI. According to AHA/ACC guideline of the present time, routine use of myocardial perfusion single photon emission tomography (SPECT) is not recommended after coronary intervention, but symptom itself or exercise EKG is not enough for the detection of restensis or for the prediction of event-free survival. In high risk and/or symptomatic subjects, direct coronary angiography is required myocardial perfusion SPECT could detect restenosis in 79% of the patients if performed 2 to 9 months after PCI. Reversible perfusion decrease in the myocardial perfusion SPECT is known to be the major prognostic indicator of major adrerse cardiac event in PCI patients and also the prognosis is benign in the patients without reversible perfusion decrease. Though the cumulated specificity is 79% in the literature and optimal timing of myocardial perfusion SPECT is in controversy, SPECT is recommended even in asymptomatic patients at 3 to 9 months after PCI. Considering the evidences recently reported in the literature, myocardial perfusion SPECT is useful for risk stratification and detection of coronary artery restenosis requiring re-intervention in the asymptomatic patients after PCI.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.132-135
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• 2016

We report the case of a 43-year-old male with both giant left atrial appendage (LAA) aneurysm and drug-refractory atrial fibrillation (AF). The patient was treated with percutaneous electrical isolation of cardiac arrhythmogenic substrate, and has been free of AF symptom over one year. Although the surgical resection of giant LAA aneurysm is mostly used to prevent systemic thromboembolism, we have performed follow-up of the giant LAA aneurysm using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) after the successful catheter ablation of refractory AF. At one-year follow-up CMR, the giant LAA aneurysm showed remarkable enlargement as well as decreased contractility. Additionally, one-year follow-up TEE showed spontaneous echo contrast as an indicator of blood stasis in the giant LAA aneurysm. Those findings of giant LAA aneurysm suggest that the risk of thromboembolism may be high despite termination of AF.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.229-234
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• 2006

To develop the Korean standard differentiation of the symptoms and signs for the stroke(KSDS), the committee on Stroke Diagnosis Standardization of traditional Korean medicine(TKM) was organized dy nineteen experts in college of Korean medicine. On July 9th 2005, the second consultation meeting was held in Daejeon, Korea. Fifteen experts of the committee attended the meeting and they discussed the KSDS and came to a consensus. The 15-member committee consensus was as follows: First, board members defined the stroke on the basis of TKM. Second, they divided the symptoms and signs of stroke into five categories- fire and heat, dampness and phlegm, blood stasis, qi deficiency, yin deficiency. Third, the symptom indicator of each differentiation type for the stroke was recommended. KSDS-1 will be applied to the clinical practice and revised.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.143.3-144
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• 2003

A Korean isolate of Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV-Kr) was isolated from a diseased pepper crop in Chunchon, Korea. The isolate was biologically purified on Nicoticaa tabacum cv. Xanthi-nc by successive single local transfer steps, and propagated on N. tabacum cv. Samsun. PMMoV-Kr could systemically infect on N. glauca, N. benthmiana, N. occidentalis and Lycopersicon esculentum, which is typical of known isolates of PMMoV. PMMoV-Kr belongs to the pathotype P1,2 based on pepper-tobamoviral indicator experiments; Capsicn chinone harboring L3 gene revealed resistant (necrotic local lesion on inoculated leaf, HR) whereas L+, L1 and L2 pepper plants expressed susceptible reactions of mosaic systemic symptoms for the isolate. To confirm the pathology and delineate symptom determinant of the isolate, full-length cDNAs of PMMoV-Kr were amplified by RT-PCR with a primer set corresponding to the 5'- and 3'-ends of PMMoV. The RT-PCR molecules amplified from genome RNA of the isolate was cloned into the pUC18 vector. Full-length cDNA clones constructed under the control of the T7 RNA promoter could be successfully transcribed to produce in vitro transcript RNA. Infectivity of the capped transcripts and its progeny virus was verified by Western blot and RT-PCR analyses.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.57-67
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• 2014

The vigor condition of trees is an important indicator for the management of urban forested area. But difficulties in how to assess the tree vigor condition still remain. Previous efforts were limited in the 1) measurement of single indicator rather than using multiple indices, 2) purpose-oriented measurement such as for air-pollution effect or specific pathological symptom, and 3) ordinal-scale evaluations by field crews 4) despite human errors based on his/her experiences or prior knowledge. Therefore, this study attempted to develop a quantitative and objective methodology for assessing tree vigor condition, by measuring multiple modules and building the profile inventory. Furthermore, the possibility and limitations were discussed in terms of schematic frames describing tree vigor condition. The vigor condition of 56 flowering cherry plants in urban park were assessed by in-situ measurements of following eight items; growth of crown(Gc), growth of shoots, individual tree volume(Vol), plant area index, woody area index, leaf area index, leaf chlorophyll content(Lc) and leaf water content(Lw). For validation, these measurements were compared with the ranks of holistic tree vigor condition, which were visually assessed using a 4-point grading scale based on the expert's knowledge. As a result, the measures of each evaluation item successfully highlighted a variety of aspects in tree vigor condition, including the states of both photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic parts. The variation in the results depending on evaluated parts was shown within an individual tree, even though the broad agreement among the results was found. The result of correlation analysis between the tested measurements and 4-point visual assessment, demonstrated that the state of water-stressed foliage of the season (Lw) or the development of plant materials since sapling phase (Vol) could be better viewed from the outer appearance of trees than other symptoms. But only based on the visual assessment, it may be difficult to detect the quality of photosynthesis (Lc) or the recent trend in growth of trees (Gc). To make this methodology simplified for the broad-scale application, the tested eight measurements could be integrated into two components by principal component analysis, which was labelled with 'the amount of plant materials' and 'vigor trend', respectively. In addition, the use of these quantitative and multi-scale indicators underlies the importance of assessing various aspects of tree vigor condition, taking into account the response(s) on different time and spatial scale of pressure(s) shown in each evaluated module. Future study should be advanced for various species at diverse developing stages and environment, and the application to wide areas at a periodic manner.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.979-985
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• 2010

This study was performed to detect enterococci strain as an indicator of faecal contamination, to identify of 16S rDNA sequence and vancomycin resistance by MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) test from drinking spring-water samples in Seoul. The detection frequency of enterococci was 42 (19.8%) among 212 samples, and its concentration was ranged from 0 to 110 CFU/100 mL. These results were confirmed the possibility as an indicator microorganisms that similar to the frequency of E. coli detection (t test p-value 0.268, significant level 0.05). Isolated 56 enterococci samples were identified by 16S rDNA sequence data and their NCBI BLAST searching. They were identified to Enterococcus faecalis of 24 samples, E. faecium (10), E. casseliflavus (10), E. gallinarum (3), E. hirae (2), E. durans (2), E. sanguinicola (1). E. faecalis was dominant species that clinical case report of a domestic was similar. Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) of 53 samples showed that vanB and vanC1/C2 type with 2 and 12 case, respectively. These results indicated that the drinking spring-water quarantined to fecal pollution for block out outbreak of gastrointestinal symptom with using such as disinfection process.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.249-265
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• 2023

Recently, the satellite industry has been paying attention to the private-led 'New Space' paradigm, which is a departure from the traditional government-led industry. The space industry, which is considered to be the next food industry, is still receiving relatively little attention in Korea compared to the global market. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore future signals that can help determine the market entry strategies of private companies in the domestic satellite industry. To this end, this study utilizes the theoretical background of future signal theory and the Keyword Portfolio Map method to analyze keyword potential in patent document data based on keyword growth rate and keyword occurrence frequency. In addition, news data was collected to categorize future signals into first symptom and early information, respectively. This is utilized as an interpretive indicator of how the keywords reveal their actual potential outside of patent documents. This study describes the process of data collection and analysis to explore future signals and traces the evolution of each keyword in the collected documents from a weak signal to a strong signal by specifically visualizing how it can be used through the visualization of keyword maps. The process of this research can contribute to the methodological contribution and expansion of the scope of existing research on future signals, and the results can contribute to the establishment of new industry planning and research directions in the satellite industry.