• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.165-176
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of mental stress stimulation and acupucnture applied at HT7 point on heart rate variability (HRV) in normal subjects. Methods : Thirty seven healthy volunteers participated in this study. The volunteers were randomly allocated into two groups. Both groups performed a mental arithmetic stress test and stroop color-word test for 10 minute. Then, acupuncture needles were inserted on HT7 for the study group and on non-acupucnture point for the control group. HRV was recorded three times at test time and before and after acupuncture stimulation. Results : After giving mental stress stimulation to both groups, LF and LF!HF ratio were increased and HF was decreased significantly. After giving acupuncture to study group, LF and LF/HF ratio were decreased and HF was increased, but it was not significant. After giving acupuncture to control group, LF and LF/HF ratio were increased and HF was decreased, but it was not significant. Conclusions : This results show that mental arithmetic stress test and stroop color-word test contribute to activation of the sympathetic nervous system Acupuncture at HT7 could be relatively useful to decrease sympathetic activity and balance autonomic nervous system for those who are under stress.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.102-108
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to determine the changes of skin temperature and subjective fatigue of the thoracic vertebrae by the chiropractic adjustments. Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system will cause the changes in the skin blood flow which can be detected by measuring the skin surface temperature. This study was to see whether chiropractic adjustments could affect the activity of the sympathetic nervous system as reflected by changes in skin temperature of the thoracic. Skin temperature and subjective fatigue on 16 subjects was measured before, within 10 sec, 10min, 20min and 30 min after a thoracic adjustment with Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging(DITI) and Visual Analogue Scale(VAS). The adjustments consisted of a straight posterior-to-anterior high-speed, low-amplitude thrust to the transverse process of T3-T10 using a reinforced hypothenar contact. The average temperature and fatigue changed when the spine was considered as an entire unit. These results illustrate that the blood flow through the soft tissue can be affected by specific adjustments to the spine. This study might be served as an useful baseline data for the changes of the circulation and fatigue after the chiropractic adjustments.

• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국감성과학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.216-221
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• 1999

A mental task combined with noise background is an effective model of laboratory stress for study of psychophysiology of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The intensity of the background noise significantly affects both a subjective evaluation of experienced stress level during test and the physiological responses associated with mental load in noisy environments. Providing tests of similar difficulties we manipulated the background noise intensity as a main factor influencing a psychophysiological outcome and the analyzed reactivity along withe the noise intensity dimension. The goal of this study was to identify the patterns of ANS responses and the relevant subjective stress scores during performance of word recognition tasks on the background of white noise (WN) of the different intensities (55, 70 and 85 dB). Subjects were 27 college students (19-24 years old). BIOPAC, Grass Neurodata System and AcqKnowlwdge 3.5 software were used to record ECG, PPG, SCL, skin temperature, and respiration. Experimental manipulations were effective in producing subjective and physiological responses usually associated with stress. The results suggested that the following potential autonomic mechanisms might be involved in the mediation of the observed physiological responses: A sympathetic activation with parasympathetic withdrawal during mild 55 and 70dB noise (featured by similar profiles) and simultaneous activation of sympathetic and parasympathetic systems during intense 85dB WN. The parasympathetic activation in this case might be a compensatory effect directed to prevent sympathetic domination and to maintain optimal arousal state for the successful performance on mental stress task. It should be mentioned that obtained results partially support Gellhorn's (1960; 1970) "tuning phenomenon" as a possible mechanism underlying stress response.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.26-31
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• 2017

Objectives A normal circadian rhythm of autonomic nervous system function stands for the daily change of sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation, which can be measured by heart rate variability (HRV). Generally, patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) are prone to sleep-wake cycle dysregulation, therefore, it may have an influence on the circadian rhythm of autonomic nervous system. This study was designed to interpret possible dysregulation of autonomic nervous system in ICU patients by using HRV. Methods HRV was assessed every 3 hours in 21 ICU patients during a 7-minute period. The statistical differences of HRV features between the morning (AM 6 : 00-PM 12 : 00), and the afternoon (PM 12 : 00-PM 18 : 00) periods were evaluated in time domain and frequency domain. Results Patients showed significantly increased normalized power of low frequencey (nLF), absolute power of low frequencey (LF)/absolute power of high frequencey (HF) in the afternoon period as compared to the morning period. However, normalized power of high frequency (nHF) was significantly decreased in the afternoon period. There was no statistically significant difference between the morning period and the afternoon period in the time domain analysis. Conclusions The increased sympathetic tone in the afternoon period supports possible dysregulation in the circadian rhythm of autonomic nervous system in ICU patients. Future studies can help to interpret the association between autonomic dysregulation and negative outcomes of ICU patients.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2013

Objectives The purpose of this study is to evaluate the characteristics of autonomic nervous system in heart-weakened children via analyzing heart rate variability (HRV) compare to healthy children. Methods Among the children who have visited the department of pediatrics at OO oriental medicine hospital, the subjects were composed of 62 elementary school students without cardiac disorder, who have yet develop secondary sexual characteristics. Results 1. Mean HRT and SDNN of the heart-weakened group of children were lower than the healthy group, but with no statistical significance. 2. Heart-weakened children had higher LF norm and LF/HF ratio, but lower HF norm than healthy children. The rest of the Frequency Domain Index have no significant differences. 3. Heart-weak score showed a positive correlation with Mean HRT and LF/HF ratio. Conclusions Heart-weakened children had an imbalance in autonomic nervous system due to increase of sympathetic nerve activity and decrease of parasympathetic nerve activity.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.131-135
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 완전몰입 가상현실이 자율신경계에 미치는 영향을 알아보는데 있다. 본 연구의 대상자는 가상현실 장비를 접하지 않은 17명의 20대 남성으로 하였다. 대상자에게 완전몰입 가상현실 콘텐츠를 제공받았고, 적용 전과 후에 5분 동안의 심전도 신호를 측정하였다. 획득한 심전도 신호는 교감신경계의 활성을 반영하는 LF, 부교감신경계의 활성을 반영하는 HF, 자율신경계의 전반적인 활성을 반영하는 TP, 그리고 자율신경계의 활성 균형을 반영하는 LF/HF로 분석하여 자율신경계를 평가하였다. 그 결과, 완전몰입 가상현실을 적용한 후 대상자의 HF와 TP는 적용 전에 비해 유의하게 감소하였고, LF/HF는 유의하게 증가하였다. 본 연구의 결과에 따르면 완전몰입 가상현실은 자율신경계에 스트레스를 제공하지만, 그 변화는 건강한 성인의 정상범위 내에 있다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 완전몰입 가상현실은 건강한 성인에게 안전하게 적용될 수 있다.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.237-246
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• 2021

Purpose: To determine effects of family conflict mitigation documentary programs on conflicts, autonomic nerve activation (ANA), and happiness of elderly in long-term care hospitals. Methods: This study used a non-equivalent control group with a pretest-posttest design. It was conducted on 39 elderly patients (19 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group) in long-term care hospitals. The experimental group (n=19) received family conflict mitigation documentary programs. The family conflict mitigation documentary programs consisted of four sessions (40-50 minutes per session). These programs were implemented in small groups, with each group having five elderly. Data were analyzed by sing the conflict checklist, the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, Chi-square test with Fisher's exact test, independent t-test, paired t-test, and repeated measure ANOVA using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. Results: The participants in the experimental group showed significantly decreased scores of conflict (t=-2.31, p=.028) and the value of sympathetic nervous system activity (t=8.36, p=.007) compared with those of the control group. The participants in the experimental group showed significantly increased the value of parasympathetic nervous system activity (t=-2.91, p=.008) and scores of happiness (t=5.46, p<.001). Conclusion: The family conflict mitigation documentary programs on conflicts, ANA, and happiness of the elderly in long-term care hospitals are effective intervention programs for mitigating conflicts between elderlies and their families and for improving happiness of the elderly in long-term care hospitals.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2012

Under some pathological conditions as bile flow obstruction or liver diseases with the enterohepatic circulation being disrupted, regurgitation of bile acids into the systemic circulation occurs and the plasma level of bile acids increases. Bile acids in circulation may affect the nervous system. We examined this possibility by studying the effects of bile acids on gating of neuronal (N)-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel that is essential for neurotransmitter release at synapses of the peripheral and central nervous system. N-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel currents were recorded from bullfrog sympathetic neuron under a cell-attached mode using 100 mM $Ba^{2+}$ as a charge carrier. Cholic acid (CA, $10^{-6}M$) that is relatively hydrophilic thus less cytotoxic was included in the pipette solution. CA suppressed the open probability of N-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel, which appeared to be due to an increase in (no activity) sweeps. For example, the proportion of sweep in the presence of CA was ~40% at +40 mV as compared with ~8% in the control recorded without CA. Other single channel properties including slope conductance, single channel current amplitude, open and shut times were not significantly affected by CA being present. The results suggest that CA could modulate N-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel gating at a concentration as low as $10^{-6}M$. Bile acids have been shown to activate nonselective cation conductance and depolarize the cell membrane. Under pathological conditions with increased circulating bile acids, CA suppression of N-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel function may be beneficial against overexcitation of the synapses.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.85-100
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• 2011

Objectives : This study aimed to investigate the effect of four common types of Qigong position (standing, sitting, supine, and horse-riding position) on the autonomic nervous system. Method : Thirty healthy subjects participated in this study once a week for four weeks. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) was measured three times (before, during, and after the position) while the subject maintained one of four positions for ten minutes. Result : There were significant changes HRV in the standing position. In the sitting position, both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves were activated. On the other hand, in the spine position, heart rate (HR) was decreased. Activation of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves was also observed in this position. Significant increases of indices related to awakening and concentration were observed accompanied by increase of HR and a sympathetic nerve was activated in the riding-horse position. Conclusions : In the present study, it was shown that each Qigong position caused various and significant changes in autonomic nervous system. It would be expected that these results can be applied to choose appropriate Qigong position according to objective of Qigong therapy although it is remained to further evaluate the effects of long-term maintenance of Qigong positions and repeated Qigong training.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1997년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집; 한국전력공사 서울연수원; 17-18 Oct. 1997
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• pp.1639-1642
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• 1997

In this paper, the autonomic function analysis system was designed to noninvasively assess the autonomic function of cardiovascular system. Orthostatic stress protocol was designed to stimulate the autonomic nervous system. designed protocol and analysis algorithm were evaluated by experiments for 25 normal subjects and 22 hemiplegia patients. Data were processed by usign the power spectral analysis. Nwe indexes of autonomic function, LF$_{N}$ and HF$_{N}$, were proposed and were compared with LF/HF ratio. New indexes of the sympathetic and parasympathetic activity, respectively. The IST and the DPT are balanced and have positive value for normal subjects during orthostatic stress but not for hempilegia patients. This result suggest that the IST and the DPT are used as new criteria of normal autonomic function during orthostatic stress.ess.