• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.433-442
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• 2003

The concept of pun was basically used to get rhetorical effect in verbal usage and it can be easily applicable to visual communication design. By substituting symbolic images for words of verbal expression, we can draw out some effective communication methods in forms of pun. For years, visual puns have been useful concept to convey a visual message from ancient hieroglyphics to modern arts and design. There are essentially three categories of visual puns. Literal pun upholds the primary meanings of the message literally by picking up a key symbol to create two or more meanings, meanwhile suggestive pun is created when one symbol is used as a key symbol or two or more symbols are combined to created one key symbol that can suggest and strengthen meanings. Comparative pun can be defined two or more symbols of nearly the same appearance are combined or juxtaposed two or more times to enhance overall statement. The concept of visual pun used for traditional area can also be effective ways of new media communication. Thus it is natural to see the concept of visual puns in website. How to handle the images in website is the most critical point for differentiation. But recently, web site designers just seem to focus on somewhat functional aspect. There are certain types of web design formats, and many designers are tend to follow these routines unconsciously. In this situation, the new aspect of visual puns for web design can be a possible design method to fortify the overall message. Through this concept, we can build up some clear identity compared to other web sites and can get alternatives to perform more effective communication ways as a problem-solving process.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.02a
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• pp.926-932
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• 2009

Recently many research reports on effective use of mobile devices for museums to provide information on displayed artifacts providing individualized learning space, collaborative learning, and discovery learning, Such devices have many possibilities to support learning as a participatory media and social network. Mobile devices are used, however, limited for its usability and lack in providing expected learning experiences. It offers one-way interaction and they are often limited in providing customized services for different patrons to experience learning and entertainment. In this research, we have adopted user centered design approach to identify the needs and possible usage of PDA system in the museum. Research methods include contextual observation and inquiry with symbolic interactionism for qualitative research and its epistemology. We have developed conceptual model with scenario and storyboard method, and developed vertical prototype with Flash.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.57-75
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• 2020

This study identifies the symbolism of cross symptoms of different classes during the modernization process based on the imagery of and , both of which are Korean films made in the same era of the 1960s. The study referred to a number of Korean family movie films in the 1960s, in particular and , which are notably different in ways of expression and in social class of the subject matter, and identifies how the films express the mixed aspects of the cross modernization period. The film uses a grotesque expressionist method to voyeuristically look into a newly emerging middle class family, and the deconstructive aspect of a family unit whose excessive desire leads to its own ruin; thus, the film presents a new perspective into the various social issues that emerge in the near future. In contrast, engages realistic depictions to describe in detail the deep conflict of pain and hope within the hardships of life from the urban poor through a deep family conflict. Ultimately, the two films expose the various social issues through the familiar and the unfamiliar that appear from the mixed aspects of the cross modernization period, in other words, the conflicting images of the traditional and the modern.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.47
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• pp.357-380
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• 2017

From the 21st century, characters have been developed and managed by many companies, organizations and groups due to public-friendly elements, Community Identity Program, value of utilization for OSMU, etc. This study was carried out according to a plan of developing a character and making an application in ACC Children based on Asia Culture, which was implemented as ACC Children contents R&D project from 2014 to 2016. This R&D and purpose is significant because of laying the groundwork for identity system making it possible to increase the brand value of ACC Children and symbolize ACC Children by developing a character, application and name suitable for the philosophy and function of ACC Children that will be used together with CI of Asia Culture Center. With regard to the research method and scope, Asia is divided into 5 regions, and 100 representative stories in Asia are selected, and a storytelling-based character, application and name with connotative symbol and meaning pursued by ACC Children is developed by choosing and analyzing symbolic animals according to consulting and survey. The characters of ACC Children give publicity to the symbolism of ACC Children, and are actively utilized for OSMU.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.393-404
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to identity scientific models included in the Earth domain of the $10^{th}$ grade science textbooks. Three earth science-related chapters in each of 11 trade books were analyzed. A framework was developed and used to classify a scientific model from three different perspectives: medium of representation, method of representation, and mobility of a model. Results showed that the science textbooks utilized domain-specific models in which the nature of sub-areas of earth science was embedded. That is, the unit of 'Change of the Earth' included many iconic models that represented the inaccessible inner structure of the earth and the movement of the tectonic plates. These were also two-dimensional pictorial and static models. In the chapter of 'Atmosphere and Oceans', symbolic and diagrammatic models were dominant in use, which included weather maps and contour line graphs of sea surface temperature and salinity. The unit of 'Solar System and Galaxies' showed the highly frequent use of iconic and analogical models for the large-scale celestial objects and their movements. Implications for earth science education and relevant research were discussed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.41-50
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• 2014

This study is the subsequent full-scale research of a TV drama writer who has been out of scholarly pursuits as it explores in-depth Su-Hyeon Kim's underlying consciousness with focusing on her male characters of the and . Su-Hyeon Kim shows difference which clearly distinguishes a melodrama from a home-drama by her own self control, a rare case in TV drama genres. This study, in her distinguished melodrama, analyses the writer's more clearly ignited consciousness. This study enlarges the result of the precedent study by applying the same Lacan's theory to the male characters with the study's female characters. Lacan's concepts of sexual difference notes that the sexual differences is not the product of the fixed differences from the biological organs or the inequal system, custom, but that of the psychological, cultural causes. According to Lacan's sexuation theory, the male subject is an all 'fractured' one of subordinating to symbolic/phallic order by becoming a exceptional being of breaking the order through a fantasy despite his existence of subordinating the order. The writer conceives men and women as the 'same', 'privative', 'fractured' subjects who search for the impossible phallic jouissance in their own different ways, which is the same method of Lacan's. Also the gap of 20 years of two works marks the writer's change of male perspective, in which shows being more accepting, more sex-neutral to a man who can only enjoy the phallic jouissance through a fantasy, while a woman who can enjoy both of the phallic and feminine supplementary jouissance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1395-1403
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• 2004

Exposure and Concealment have been continued as important way to express fashion and theme as well, especially in women fashion. Exposure can make themselves attractive, and concealment emphasizes this way of being attractive by exposure. Besides the temptable effect of exposure, the ideology which put women next men in society has made a prominence on the fact exposure is significant theme in women fashion. It means that women's image of 'Being seen as Object' (this can be explained by relation passive between active) in society has driven female emphasize in using and focusing on exposure to be attractive. Also the other important thing in women fashion has been considered is concealment. The fact that society has demand women more chaste duty in detail may have meaningful thing in the condition that instigates women take off being attractive to the subject, considering ideology, men. Therefore attractive femininity has to be suggested by virtue and temptation, it is common sense that looking just shallow or too strict are far from criteria of ideal beauty. Namely, the concept for exposure coexists with concealment not only constructively but also naturally in fashion. Technique that can be accentuate for effective exposure differently from method to show unilaterally is needed, and this technique can promote new fashion. And according to the theory of Freud, women means' Absence (lacking penis)', this female's Lack Image induces male castration complex therefore 'Fetishistic Look' which transfers something phallic into specific things or parts of body is adopted, sort of object cathexis. This is revealed as some parts of women body are diverted into object for sexual love, symbolic equivalent. For example, women's parts like legs or breast are remarked as erotogenic zone and as time goes, when no more the zone are felt sexual by exposure, other somewhere felt mysterious (felt something sexual) used to be stressed by exposing. As it were, it can be possible that exposing part on women body (sexual part) moved as time passed because of what previously stated. Especially, the concept of exposure and concealment in women fashion should explain not only from a point of view of style for the beautifulness but also from wearer's immanent intention, further more relationship with ideology. About the present situation becoming bolder in women fashion, it is said that women express confidence as the position of women is elevated higher socially, the more women get freedom. But if we consider this psychoanalysis opinion mentioned ahead, the possibility can not be excluded that the exposure can get emphasizing according as the need of feminine modesty gets decreasing from ideal femininity society, men want. This study about exposure and concealment was made progressed through the theory of Freud who originated psychoanalysis, presented many theories. But nowadays contradictions are being brought up against Freud's theory including conventional philosophy like male chauvinism and adjust studies get suggested. Hereupon, there may be limitation in making no allowance of contradiction and following his theory.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.80-89
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• 2008

Generally, trees lining the streets are the most easily accessible green areas in the city and constitute the smallest basic unit in the formation of the urban linear green axis. This study attempts to interpret issues related to city trees from a comprehensive and relational viewpoint. The site of this study is Central Park Street in front of Incheon Metropolitan City Hall. This street is representative of those in Incheon City. This study is an inter-relational interpretation of issues by measuring the vitality of these trees. The following are results of this study: First, the vitality of city trees is higher in those trees growing in natural ground than those growing in plant gratings. This observation can lead to budget savings and increased natural areas in the city. Also, if planter and multi-layering planting methods are introduced where damage to trees is predicted, variation to urban landscape can be achieved while linking to reinforced rearing foundation of street-side trees. Second, there is need for a holistic approach to caring for street-side trees regarding the damage caused by drastic pruning and strong street lights. The typical functions of these trees, like supplying freshness in summer, absorbing solar radiation, and controlling the urban micro-climate are closely related to the vitality of the trees. Accordingly, the function and ecology should be understood holistically, not separately. In this aspect, the functional and ecological use of the multi-layering planting method is effective in protecting pedestrians from vehicles as well. Third, the fallen leaves of monotonous rows of trees have different ecological and functional effects. Not only is the index of greenness in the urban setting increased, but there are also aesthetic and symbolic effects. Fourth, in spite of being the street along which Incheon Metropolitan City Hall, major administrative buildings and Central Park are located, this street does not have its own special identity to discriminate it from other streets. It fulfills only functional criteria based on uniformity. If there is no paradigm shift from today's street system based on vehicles, the role of landscape architecture will be very passive in regards to street-side trees, the minimum unit of urban green. Fifth, on this particular street, many trees were planted in December, which reflects a deficiency of short and long-term strategy, like a street-tree master plan. In this aspect, we still lack a mature culture concerning these trees as a basic unit in urban greenery. Furthermore, there needs to be cultural introspection concerning present administrative practices.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.309-325
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• 2009

The purpose of the study was to investigate the differences between Korean mathematics textbooks and CPMP textbooks in the view of conceptual network, structure of mathematical contents, instructional design, and teaching and learning environment to explore the implications for mathematics education in Korea. According to the results, Korean textbooks emphasized the mathematical structures and conceptual network, on the other hand, CPMP textbooks focused on making connections between mathematical concepts and corresponding real life situations as well as mathematical structures. And generalizing mathematical concepts at the symbolic level was very important objective in Korean textbooks, but in the CPMP textbooks, investigating mathematical ideas and solving problems in diverse contexts including real- life situations were considered very important. Teachers using Korean textbooks preferred an explanatory teaching method with the use of concrete manipulatives and student worksheet, however, teachers using CPMP textbooks emphasized collaborative group activities to communicate mathematical ideas and encouraged students to use graphing calculators when they explore mathematical concepts and solve problems.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.121-136
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to present a new research method of stage costume by designing and making the stage costume of Yean-GaeSoMoon(淵蓋蘇文) in Peking Opera Du Mu Guan (Korean; Dog Mog Guan, 獨木關). The stage costume of Peking Opera was formed on the basis of the Chinese traditional stage costume in the Qing period, however the style of stage costume was beautified the costume of Ming period and here contained the factors of successive costumes. But the stage costume of Peking Opera didn't have the same rank system with real history costume and didn't have demarcation according to period and history. In the stage costume of Peking Opera, the color is cultural language that can inform spectators of sex, age, personality, position of characters. The pattern of decoration also symboled the personality and characteristic of the character. Yean-GaeSoMoon in the play wore green armour (Chinese; ru ying kao 綠硬靠), red pants (Chinese; hong ku 紅褲), red mustache (Chinese; hong ran kou 紅髥口), crown (Chinese; da e zi 大額子), shoes (Chinese; hou di xue 厚底靴) and Xue RenGui wore white armour (Chinese; baikao 白靠), red pants (Chinese; hong ku 紅褲), shoes (Chinese; hou di xue 厚底靴), hat (Chinese; za jin 扎巾). By historical materials, Yean-GaeSoMoon was a nationalist who uphold national sprit and the greatest hero of the age and a charismatic politician who combines literatural arts with military arts. Considering these reviews, defined the thema of his new costumes' image as "the flying bird which has three legs"(三足鳥), the bird which symbolized the sun and immortality in Koguryo fresco. On the basis of this image, presented three types of Yean-GaeSoMoon's stage costume. Yean-GaeSoMoon as the minister in the court wore black gown (Chinese; mang pao 蟒袍) of dargon pattern which symbolizes harisma who opening the heaven. He as the general who directs war wore red mantle (Chinese; dou peng 斗蓬) which symbolizes the blue dragon that soaring into the sky, as the officer who fights the enemy's general wore green armour (Chinese; gai liang jia 改良甲), red pants (Chinese; hong ku 紅褲) which symbolizes the flying Sward that blowing violently. By wearing these stage costumes, the image of Yean-GaeSoMoon could changed from the fierce general of minority race who likes to fight, to the Koguryo general who fights against enemy at the risk of his life for Koguryo's autonomy. Through this study once again we could realized that stage costume played very mportant part In outstnding the characteristic of actor in the Peking Opera.