• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.10 no.2 s.39
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• pp.217-223
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• 2007

The purpose of this article is to depict the relationship between the frames of leadership and the dependent variables such as job satisfaction, respect from subordinates, promotion, and effective attainment of unit objectives. To attain this purpose, four types of multiple leadership frame, such as structural, human resources, political, and symbolic frames were surveyed through questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS. The major findings are : 1) In general, the symbolic frame is an important factor having a stronger influence on job satisfaction, respect from subordinates, promotion, and effective attainment of unit objectives. 2) In details, the human resources frame shows a positive effects on job satisfaction and respect; the structural frame on effective attainment of unit objectives; the political frame, to a certain degree, on promotion; and the symbolic frame, especially on respect from subordinates, promotion, and effective attainment of unit objectives.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2006.11b
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• pp.981-989
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• 2006

The purpose of this article is to depict the relationship between the frames of leadership and the dependent variables such as job satisfaction, respect from subordinates, promotion, and effective attainment of unit objectives. To attain this purpose, for types of multiple leadership frames, such as structural, human resources, political, and symbolic frames were surveyed through questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS. The major findings are : 1) In general, the symbolic frame is an important factor having a stronger influence on job satisfaction, respect from subordinates, promotion, and effective attainment of unit objectives. 2) In details, the human resources frame shows a positive effects on job satisfaction and respect; the structural frame on effective attainment of unit objectives; the political frame, to a certain degree, on promotion; and the symbolic frame, especially on respect from subordinates, promotion, and effective attainment of unit objectives.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.5403-5410
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• 2013

This study investigated the effect of symbolic meanings of the artwork objectives on auction price. Based on Buck(1948)'s House-Tree-People(H-T-P) model, we hypothesized that symbolic meanings of these objectives invoke preferences of bidders and increase the price. Using 402 auction price data from June 2010 to May 2011, we found that an artwork including house and people tend to be auctioned off at a higher prices than the artwork without them. This study confirmed that Buck's model can be used to determine artwork price, suggesting that symbolic objectives in the artwork do affect its price.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.277-292
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• 2005

The objectives of this study are to examine the degree of propensity for symbolic consumption among adolescents and its factors, and to investigate the effects of demographic variables - sex, grade, father's education, mother's education, father's job, mother's job, monthly allowance, monthly household income - self-esteem, and socialization agents variables - parents, friends, mass media - on the propensity. In this study, the propensity for symbolic consumption is defined as the propensity to consume products through their affective, subjective, and symbolic value rather than through their practical and utility value. The data used in this study were collected from 509 adolescents who are in the 2nd grade of middle or high schools in Pusan. The research results can be summarized as follows: 1. The propensity for symbolic consumption were found to have significant differences according to sex, father's education, mother's education, mother's job, and monthly allowance. 2. It differs significantly according to adolescents' self-esteem. That is, the lower self-esteem adolescents have, the higher propensity for symbolic consumption they show. 3. It also differs significantly according to the degree of communication with parents, the degree of accepting friends' view, the degree of communication with friends, the degree of informative influence from friends, and the degree of taking in mass media.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.133-152
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• 2006

The objectives of this study are as follows. First, we try to find out if self-congruity between brand personality and self-image overall has significant influence on the attitude toward brand. Second, we figured out whether functional, experiential, and symbolic values have influence on the attitude toward brand. Third, we figured out if self-congruity between brand personality and self-image has significant influence on a functional, experiential, and symbolic values. Main results are as follows. Consumers tend to prefer certain brand of casual wears in accordance with their cognized brand-personality and self-image. Functional values of Bean-Pole, Hazzys, and Tommy's except Polo have positive influence on attitude toward brand. Experiential and symbolic values of all the four brands have positive influence on attitude toward brand. However, the influences of self-congruity between brand personality and self-image on individual brand varied.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.9-22
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to consider the concept of Meridian Points(經穴) and to establish the directions in further research. Methods: First, based on the latest results from the researches of Meridian and Collateral(經絡), it was to infer the original concept of Meridian Points(經穴). Second, the meaning of Meridian Points(經穴) has been investigated and its directions in further research was studied founded upon Symbolic Mathematical Study(象數學). Results ＆ Conclusions : Firstly, Meridian Points(經穴) are considered to be the source of information that contains 365 numbers of human physiological information which includes physiological information of Viscera and Bowels(藏府) and Meridian and Collateral(經絡). Secondly, advanced researches are required further to clarify the meaning of Meridian Points(經穴) as Symbolic Mathematical Study(象數學) has established the systems of Meridian Points(經穴). In addition, the efficacy of each Meridian Points(經穴) needs to be revised through literature studies. Clinical studies are essential to practically verify the results from the former theoretical research. Thirdly, the contention to oppose the presence of Meridian and Collateral(經絡) and Meridian Points(經穴) was acknowledged to be incorrect. Lastly, for broadening the theoretical systems of Korean Medicine(韓醫學) with integration of Western scientific knowledge, a paradigm shift is necessary to revise the concepts of Viscera and Bowls(藏府), Meridian and Collateral (經絡) and Meridian Points(經穴) in Korean Medicine(韓醫學). In order to accomplish the shift, the ambiguity in theories of Korean Medicine(韓醫學) should be clarified through the study of Symbolic Mathematical Study(象數學).

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.7-25
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• 2006

This research examines symbolic meanings of architectural style of Japanese ruling era of Korea through analysis of Expo buildings. Expo buidings of Joseon Product Evaluation Expo(1915), Joseon Expo(1929), and Joseon Grand Expo(1940) are chosen as subjects of this research. Expos held in Korea since 1945 were creatures of colonial reign and their objectives are advertising the advancement of Japan. New and latest architectural styles of Western countries were used as a symbol of advancement in non-western countries. Renaissance style and Secession style in Joseon Product Evaluation Expo and Modernism style in Joseon Expo were introduced as architectural styles that symbolize advancement. On the contrary, the traditional architectural style of Joseon Dynasty was distorted as symbol of backwardness. Latest Western Architectural Styles were used elaborately and Intentionally to symbolize advancement and industrialization by Japanese ruling power and companies. Specially, Modernism style operating as 'symbol of advancement' is characteristic of non-western society in attempt to proceed Modernization through Westernization. Also, it can be suggested that architectures in Modernism style are used in ways to symbolize the advancement of the colonial reign authorities within the colonial society.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.79-87
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• 2002

This landscape design proposal was presented to a design competition for the KangWon Province Police Agency(KPA). The site, about 27,711 $m^2$, is located at 293-4 Udu-dong, Chunchun, KangWon-Do. Design objectives of the KPA were to build a symbolic place which fall community members with pride, to elevate an identity and status of the KPA by creating a landscape correspondent to the concept of the building design, to provide community residents with a space to enjoy cultural and social activities, and to make environment friendly space. The main concept was developed by one of characteristics of the traditional spatial structure of Korea known as an, 'Open and Closed spatial structure.'By re-interpreting the traditional spatial structure and applying it to the site, the design met the various desires of the KPA. The site is primarily segmented into 6 sub spaces; entrance space Podori plaza, symbolic court, police billeting area, sports area, and rear rest area. The entrance space, Podori plaza, and symbolic court on the south-west part of the site represent the publicity of the site as the concept of ″open space.″ On the contrary, considering the specialty of police affairs, the north-east part of the site, which contains the police billeting area and rest area, were designed to maintain security by using the concept of ″closed space.″ To express an identity of the KPA, 'Podori', a police mascot, the plaza was designed and is suppose to function as the hub of the community. In the front section of the plaza, a symmetrical planting pattern, centering the strong axis, was introduced to strengthen its symbolic meaning. Traditional window frames such as the pattern of 'Pisal-jige'and 'Umulsal-jige' were used for the paving system which is applied as the environment friendly design. Site facilities and furnitrue were placed at every important spot in order to connect various spaces organically. As these well-tied spaces properly shared their function, spatial sequence and management would be promoted. The entire space was designed to allow free access of handicapped people. This proposal is meant to create a new image of KangWon province and to enhance the way of inhabitants' think about their community.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1991.10b
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• pp.1585-1590
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• 1991

This paper presents the principles for design of autonomous systems whose behavior is based on models that support the various tasks that must be performed. We propose a model-based architecture aimed at reducing the computational demands required to integrate high level symbolic models with low level dynamic models. Model construction methods are illustrated to outfit such an architecture with the models needed to meet given objectives.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.85-100
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• 1995

The objectives of this study are : 1) To clarify the definition of conspicuous consumption. 2) To examine the degree of conspicuous consumption amongst urban housewives. In this research conspicuous consumption is defined as the use and acquisition of goods and services to ostentatiously display wealty with the purpose of establishing or sustaning a status through the symbolic values of goods and services, The data used in this study included 670 housewives living in Seoul. Statistics used for data analysis were frequencies means standard deviation and one-way anova. The research results can be summarized as follows. First the propensity for conspicuous consumption differs significantly according to wife's age wife's education and husband's job. Second the propensity for conspicuous consumption in high quality and high price preference is high, And the propensity for conspicuous consumption in house and furniture is high.