• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.129-138
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• 1999

This study was carried out with two types of silkworm, Bombyx mori, adults having different life span: long life span (adult living for more than fifteen days; LLS), and short life span (adult living less for than five days; SLS). The fine structures of fat body cells in the young and the senescent males and females were compared in an attempt to elucidate the aging physiology of the silkworm adult. In SLS, there were many rough endoplasmic reticula (RER) and glycogen granules in the female cytoplasm, whereas the smooth endoplasmic reticula (SER) were observed in the male cytoplasm. Also in SLS, the mitochondria were swollen and had many poor osmiophillic inclusions (fatty degeneration) at three days after emergence. In LLS, compared to SLS, comparatively normal mitochondria and nuclear membrane were observed in even five day old female. In fifteen day old LLS female, however most of cell membranes were disappeared and mitochondria were abnormally expanded. Many fat granules were observed in the cytoplasm of ten day old male (LLS) which died with full autophagic vacuole (AV) collapsed at fifteen days. Therefore, it is suggested that SLS type is recommended for the study of aging tissue, because it is easier to monitor the changes in tissue structure.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.300-303
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• 2016

An age-unknown, 4.8 kg, male, wild, domestic short-hair cat was presented for left hindlimb lameness. A physical examination revealed a draining tract which was suspected of bite on left calcaneal bone. The left tarsal joint was markedly swollen and exudates were observed around the draining tract. Sequestrum at left calcaneus bone, and osteolysis were identified by radiography. The sequestrum and its surrounding exudative tissue were debrided during surgery and the tissue was submitted for bacterial culture and sensitivity test. The debridement caused a bone defect ($1.5cm{\times}0.5cm{\times}0.5cm$) on the medial left calcaneal bone. Plate and screw fixation was performed to the calcaneus bone as buttress plate. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) loaded hydroxyapatite was implanted in the bone defect. Furthermore, Amikacin-impregnated collagen sponges were also placed around bone plate to deliver local antibiotics. A systemic antibiotic treatment regimen based on bacterial culture and sensitivity test results was administered for 4 weeks. The wound properly healed without any signs of infection, and the bone healing was confirmed by radiography. The patient showed normal weight bearing ambulation at 18 weeks after surgery. The use of rhBMP-2 and local antibiotic delivery system is a good surgical option for the one-stage treatment of chronic osteomyelitis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.233-240
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• 2019

Objective: This study was to investigate the effects of dietary cotton stalk on nitrogen and free gossypol in sheep. Methods: Treatments included 25% cotton stalk (Treat 1), 50% cotton stalk (Treat 2), and a control (no cotton stalk). Six Xinjiang daolang wethers were cannulated at the rumen and duodenum and fed one of these diets. The effects of these diets on nitrogen and free gossypol absorption and metabolism were determined. Fifteen healthy Xinjiang daolang wethers were assessed for daily gain, tissue lesions, and free gossypol accumulation. Results: Dry matter intake decreased with increasing dietary cotton stalk. Total tract dry matter digestibility did not significantly differ among treatments. Dietary cotton stalk significantly decreased volatile fatty acids and increased ammonium nitrogen in the rumen. Nitrogen intake was significantly higher in Treat 2 than in the control or Treat 1. Nitrogen retention and free gossypol intake increased with dietary cotton stalk. Duodenal free gossypol flow did not increase, and free gossypol almost disappeared from the rumen. The free gossypol content of plasma and tissue was increased with dietary cotton stalk with liver free gossypol>muscle free gossypol>kidney free gossypol. Elevated dietary free gossypol decreased platelets, hemoglobin, and serum iron. Aspartate aminotransferase and ${\gamma}$-glutamyltransferase increased in Treat 2. With high long-term dietary cotton stalk intake, liver cells were swollen, and their nuclei dissolved. Renal cells were necrotic and the interstitia were enlarged. Conclusion: With short-term cotton stalk administration, only a small amount of free gossypol is retained in the body. In response to long-term or high free gossypol cotton stalk feeding, however, free gossypol accumulates in, and damages the liver and kidneys.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.239-242
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• 2001

The effects of post-cultural addition of liquid medium addition to stimulate in vitro bulblet growth in Lilium oriental hybrid 'Casa Blanca' were investigated. The sections of bulblets with swollen basal plate (7 mm$\times$12 mm) were cultured on medium containing 60 g/L sucrose and 1 g/L activated charcoal for two months in dark, and then, liquid medium was added into the same vessels. The addition of liquid medium stimulated the growth of bulblets remarkably, compared to no addition of liquid medium. The liquid medium supplemented with 120 g/L sucrose and double strength of MS salts were the most effective on the growth of in vitro bulblets.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.147-151
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• 1998

A five-month old female Great Dane with a history of depression and convulsion was submitted to the Pathology and Diagnosis Reference Division of National Veterinary Research and Quarantine service. The dog had ingested concentrated antifreeze and died 12 days after the sudden onset of clinical signs. Main gross lesion was limited to swollen kidneys with diffusely fine granularity on the cut surface. Principle microscopic lesions were focused on the kidneys including dilated Bowman's space, thickened glomerular basement membrane, many light yellowish crystals, and proteinaceous casts in some tubules. Some neutrophils and lymphocytes were focally infiltrated in interstitium of the cortex and medulla. Crystals were angular or quite irregular in shape and arranged in sheave or rosette form. Under polarized light, the crystals were birefringent, which is typical of calcium oxalate crystals. Crystals were more concentrated in the cortex than in the medulla. A few crystals were also observed in the small blood vessels of the brain. Based upon the history of ingestion of antifreeze and the identification of calcium oxalate crystals in the tissue sections of the kidney and brain, this case was diagnosed as ethylene glycol toxicosis in a dog.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 1995

Structures of the adventitious root meristem induced from callus culture of tobaco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. NC 82) leaves were investigated by light and transmission electron microscopy. Structural differences between in vitro root and callus cells were also examined by the microscopy. The submicroscopic features of the in vitro root cells were as follows. Intercellular spaces were not developed and nuclei with two nucleoli were observed occasionally. Plasmodesmate were found in groups or sing1y on transverse and longitudinal walls. Amyloplast solely filled with starch grains, with one to five electron - dense bands, was surrounded by single membrane. in the callus cells, vacuolization of central part in the cytoplasm having mitochondria with swollen cristae and starch grains like those of in vitro root cells was a distinct feature. Vesicles which were found between cell wall and plasma membrane may be arisen by a process of protoplasmic invagination. By comparing of ultrastructures between the cells of callus and in vitro roots we found that the distinct differences lied on thickened cell walls and hypertrophed vacuoles in the former, and less thickened cell walls and several small vacuoles in the later.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.161-166
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• 2014

Previously, we demonstrated that the shift and/or restriction of feeding time during relatively short-term period (4 weeks) could alter the pituitary gonadotropin expression and the weights of seminal vesicle and prostate in rats. We also found that the reverse feeding (RF) schedule (up to 8 weeks) might induce an adaptable metabolic stress and cause impairment of androgen-dependent reproductive tissues. In the present study, we extended the RF time regimen up to 12 weeks, and measured the reproductive tissue weights. After 4 and 8 weeks of RF, the weights of epididymis were not significantly different. After 12 weeks, however, epididymis weights of RF animals were significantly different (CON 12W : RF 12W = $48.26{\pm}0.62mg$ : $44.05{\pm}1.57mg$, p<0.05). After 4 and 12 weeks of feeding, seminal vesicle weights of RF animals were significantly decreased (CON 4W : RF 4W = $79.36{\pm}8.34mg$ : $46.28{\pm}2.43mg$, p<0.001; CON 12W : RF 12W = $72.04{\pm}3.76mg$ : $46.71{\pm}2.27mg$, p<0.001, respectively). Prostate weights were not changed by RF. Kidney and spleen weights of RF animals were significantly different on weeks 4 and 12 (Kidney, CON 4W : RF 4W = $249.72{\pm}4.20mg$ : $228.41{\pm}3.03mg$, p<0.001; CON 12W : RF 12W = $309.15{\pm}7.49mg$ : $250.72{\pm}6.13mg$, p<0.001, respectively, Spleen, CON 4W : RF 4W = $111.26{\pm}3.76mg$ : $96.88{\pm}4.69mg$, p<0.05; CON 12W : RF 12W = $123.93{\pm}10.72mg$ : $94.68{\pm}5.65mg$, p<0.05, respectively). Histology analysis of seminal vesicle revealed that the thinner epithelial cell layers, reduced complexities of swollen papilla folding in the exocrine glands on weeks 4 and 12 of RF. There was no histological difference between control and RF group on week 8. The present study indicates that up to 12 weeks RF induced differential changes in tissue weights of male mice. In particular, seminal vesicle, kidney and spleen seemed to temporarily adapted to the RF-induced metabolic stress on week 8 of feeding schedule. These results confirmed the our previous study that the RF might induce an adaptable metabolic stress and cause impairment of androgen-dependent reproductive tissues such as epididymis and seminal vesicle as well as non-reproductive tissues such as kidney and spleen. Further studies will be needed to achieve a better understanding of the how does mealtime shift affect the reproductive function and exact nature of adaptation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.997-1003
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• 2006

An experiment with twenty crossbred goat kids (male) of 2-3 months old, weighing about 12 kg was conducted to study the effect of feeding formaldehyde treated rape seed oil cake based diet supplemented with molasses on growth rate and histopathological changes of different organs. Goats were randomly divided into four groups of 5 animals each and were individually fed for a period of 120 days. The animals in group I (URC) and II (URCM) were fed concentrate mixture (CM-I) containing untreated rape seed oil cake (30%) while, the animals in group III (TRC) and IV (TRCM) were offered concentrate mixture (CM-II) containing formaldehyde treated rape seed oil cake. Further, molasses as energy source was additionally supplemented with the concentrate mixture at the rate of 8% of concentrate mixture on dry matter basis to animals in group II and IV. All the animals were maintained on roughage (Berseem hay:wheat straw = 2:1) and concentrate in 50:50 ratio. Average daily gain (g/d) of animals in group IV was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in group I., but at par with group II and III. Feed conversion efficiency was also significantly (p<0.05) higher in group IV (10.14) than group I and II but at par with group III. The growth rate however increased by 50.2% in group IV showing more consistency in maintaining highest growth rate due to better balance of nutrients. At the end of four months of feeding trial, two animals from each group were sacrificed for histopathological study of different organs. Significant histopathological changes in liver, heart, lungs tissue of animals fed untreated rape seed oil cake diet were recorded which were totally absent in the organ of animals fed formaldehyde treated cake. The liver tissue of goats receiving control diet (containing untreated rape seed oil cake) were found to be associated with engorged central vein and blood vessels. Hepatocytes were swollen, pale and degenerated with cellular infiltration and fibrosis of portal areas. The muscles of heart were found to have intermyofibral edema. Emphysema accompanied by dilated and ruptured alveoli was also recorded in lung tissue. However, histopathological examination of various tissues of goats fed formaldehyde treated cake diet did not exhibit any degenerative changes. Additional supplementation of molasses with or without treated cake diet, apparently did not have any significant effect on ameliorating the above degenerative changes.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.315-328
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• 1998

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of ultrasonic bath in tissue preparation for transmission electron microscopy. The method used standard reagents and media, and employed ultrasonic bath agitation to accelerate fluid exchange. The liver kidney, stomach and cardiac muscle tissues of male Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the experiment, and the experimental design was divided into 4 groups; The control group using rotators (Traditional method, 1,625 mins) and the three experimental groups using ultrasonic bath (UB) in the primary fixation through the infiltration processes (UB I; 62.5 mins, UB II; 125 mins, UB III; 250 mins). The results were as follows; 1. In the control group, tissues were easily sectioned, and showed well preserved intact membranes, and cell organelles such as mitochondria, lysosome, peroxisome, rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. 2. In the UB treated group I, tissues showed holes due to the inadequate removal of both water and fluids used in the dehydration process. Also the mitochondria of cell organelles, especially, showed swollen intracristal spaces and dense matrices due to poor fixation. 3. In the UB treated group II, tissues showed good preservation of cell organelles and specimen slice sections. Also, no holes were observed. 4. In the UB treated group III, tissues showed leaching of structural components in the cytoplasm, but no holes were observed. In conclusion, the ultrasonic bath procedure takes approximately 120 minutes from specimen fixation to resin infiltration and gives excellent results.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.54-57
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• 2009

A 5-month-old intact female Siberian Husky dog was presented for evaluation of severely enlarged maxilla. Abnormalities in CBC, serum chemistry and urinalysis indicated purulent inflammation and renal failure. Cytologic examination of the swollen maxilla showed a mixed population of multinucleated giant cells and round to polygonal to spindle shaped cells either individualized or aggregated. Both type of cells showed moderate anisokaryosis, and anisocytosis, prominent nucleolus or multiple nucleoli, and coarse chromatin. On histopathology maxilla and turbinate were diffusely expanded and replaced by variably dense fibrous connective tissue, and the kidneys showed changes consistent with renal dysplasia. Based on these findings, the diagnosis of fibrous osteodystrophy due to renal dysplasia and fibrosis was made. Despite the supportive care, the dog continued to decline and was euthanized.