• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.557-561
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• 2005

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of weekly administration of implant type recombinant porcine somatotropin (rpST) on the performance and carcass characteristics in finishing pigs. A total of 120 crossbred (Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Duroc) pigs were employed for 11 weeks in a growth trial in experiment. A rpST designed to implant every 7 d was used. Forty pigs, each weighing 75 kg, were allocated into three rpST treatments; control (CONT), implant of rpST from 75 kg (TRT1) or 90 kg (TRT2) of body weight. The CONT pig and pigs in TRT2 from 75 kg to 90 kg were treated without rpST but with placebo. In rpST-treated pigs, each 100 mg and 125 mg of the equivalent rpST was implanted from live weight of 75 kg to 90 kg and from 90 kg to market weight, respectively. Half of the pigs from each treatment were marketed at live weight of 110 kg and the rest at 130 kg. All pigs were allowed ad libitum access to a commercial feed containing 0.94% and 0.88% of lysine from 75 to 110 kg, 110 to 130 kg of body weights, respectively. rpST had no effect on daily gain, while feed efficiency was improved by 7 to 13% (p<0.05) in the rpST-treated groups compared with the CONT. Compared with the CONT, backfat thickness was decreased by 12% (p<0.05) in TRT1 at 110 kg of market weight, and by 23 to 32% (p<0.05) in the rpST-treated groups at 130 kg of market weight, respectively. Lean muscle rate tended to be higher in TRT1 at both 110 kg and 130 kg of market weight, and carcass fat percentage in the rpST-treated groups was decreased by 33 to 46% (p<0.05) compared with the CONT.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.750-760
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• 2016

The use of antibiotics in Korean swine production has been changing to a restricted use of in-feed antibiotics. These antibiotics, which are also growth promoters, are powerful for disease control. Due to this issue, the swine industry is consistently looking for any kind of alternatives to antibiotics such as new feed ingredients, feed additives, feed formulation practices, or feeding methods to improve pig health and performance. In general, dietary factors provide bioavailable nutrients and/or affect physiological activity to modify the physiological condition, immune system, or microbial population of pigs to improve their performance and health. Thus, it is suggested that dietary factors may be important components in the growth and health management of pigs. Using an alternative grain feed such as rice, barley, and oats, low protein diets or low-high energy diets can be used as solutions to manage the effect of stress factors that cause growth and health problems at specific time points during the stages of pig production. Several studies support that these alternative feeds and dietary factors may improve pig growth and health by changes in intestinal conditions, immunity, or other physiological conditions compared with typical feed ingredients and diet management in pig production. Therefore, feed ingredients, low protein levels, and different energy contents in swine diets were reviewed to better understand how these dietary factors can contribute to improved pig performance and health under different physiological conditions.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.377-382
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• 2002

본 연구는 1995년부터 2001년까지 한국종축개량협회가 전국 종돈장으로부터 수집한 Land- race, Yorkshire 및 Duroc의 등지방 두께, 일당증체량, 90kg 도달일령, 등심단면적, 정육률, 총산자수 및 복당생존자돈수에 대해 유전적 그룹을 통한 품종효과의 추정과 유전능력 평가를 위하여 96,842두의 산육능력성적과 90,396복의 산자능력자료를 분석하였다. 추정된 품종효과들은 각 품종의 특징을 보여주는데 Landrace는 등지방, 정육률 및 총산자수에서 우수하였고, Yorkshire는 정육률, 등심단면적, 총산자수 및 복당생존자돈수에서 좋은 결과를 보여주었으며, Duroc은 90kg 도달일령과 일당증체량에서는 우수하였지만 가식부위를 결정하는 등지방두께와 정육률, 번시능력을 보여주는 산자수에서 다른 품종에 뒤지는 것으로 나타났다. 유전적 그룹을 통한 품종효과의 추정으로 품종별로 능력평가를 하는 노력을 절감할 수 있고 또한 F1 잡종돈이 포함되어도 평가할 수 있다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.333-340
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• 2009

MR compatible coaxial-slot antenna for microwave hyperthermia was developed while its structure and size of each part were determined by computer simulation using finite element method(FEM). Its local heating performance was evaluated using tissue-mimic phantom and swine muscles. 2% agarose gel mixed with 6mM/$\ell$ $MnCl_2$ as a biological tissue-mimic phantom was heated by the proposed antenna driven by a 2.45GHz microwave generator. The temperature changes of the phantom were monitored using multi-channel digital thermometer at the distance of 0mm, 5mm, 10mm and 20mm from the tip center of the antenna. Also muscle tissue of swine was heated for 2 and 5minutes with 50W and 30W of microwave generator powers, respectively, to evaluate the local heating performance of the antenna. MRI compatibility was also verified by acquiring MR images and MR temperature map. MR signals were acquired from the agarose gel phantom using $T2^*$ GRE sequence with 1.5T clinical MRI scanner(Signa Echospeed, GE, Milwaukee, WI, U.S.A.) at Pusan Paik Hospital and were transferred to PC in order to reconstruct MR images and temperature map using proton resonance frequency(PRF) method and laboratory-developed phase unwrapping algorithm. Authors found that it has no severe distortion due to the antenna inserted into the phantom. Finally, we can conclude that the suggested coaxial-slot antenna has an excellent local heating performance for both of tissue-mimic phantom and swine muscle, and it is compatible to 1.5T MRI scanner.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.17.1-17.10
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• 2022

Background: Inspection of livestock farms using surveillance cameras is emerging as a means of early detection of transboundary animal disease such as African swine fever (ASF). Object tracking, a developing technology derived from object detection aims to the consistent identification of individual objects in farms. Objectives: This study was conducted as a preliminary investigation for practical application to livestock farms. With the use of a high-performance artificial intelligence (AI)-based 3D depth camera, the aim is to establish a pathway for utilizing AI models to perform advanced object tracking. Methods: Multiple crossovers by two humans will be simulated to investigate the potential of object tracking. Inspection of consistent identification will be the evidence of object tracking after crossing over. Two AI models, a fast model and an accurate model, were tested and compared with regard to their object tracking performance in 3D. Finally, the recording of pig pen was also processed with aforementioned AI model to test the possibility of 3D object detection. Results: Both AI successfully processed and provided a 3D bounding box, identification number, and distance away from camera for each individual human. The accurate detection model had better evidence than the fast detection model on 3D object tracking and showed the potential application onto pigs as a livestock. Conclusions: Preparing a custom dataset to train AI models in an appropriate farm is required for proper 3D object detection to operate object tracking for pigs at an ideal level. This will allow the farm to smoothly transit traditional methods to ASF-preventing precision livestock farming.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.432-444
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• 2001

In this manuscript, several effective feeding and management systems to reduce environmental pollution in swine production have been briefly introduced. It is logical that reducing the excretion of nutrients in manure should be the first step to reduce the environmental impact of pig production. it is evident that the excretion of nitrogen and phosphorus can be reduced when more digestible or available feedstuffs are used. Also, it is well known that proper feed processing can reduce anti nutritional factors (ANF) and improve nutrient digestibilities. Supplementation of effective feed additives can reduce excretion of nitrogen and phosphorus due to efficient feed utilization. These include enzymes (e.g., phytase), antibiotics, probiotics, organic acids and growth hormones ($\beta$-agonists and porcine somatotropin). One of the most effective ways to reduce pollutants from swine manure is to use synthetic amino acids in feed manufacturing. Many studies showed that reduction of 2 to 4% unit (U) of dietary protein with supplemental amino acid (AA) could dramatically reduce (15 to 20%) nitrogen excretion. Regarding feeding strategies, it has been recognized that phase feeding regimen could be used to reduce nitrogen and phosphorous excretion by feeding pigs in better agreement with age and physiological state. Feeding barrows and gilts separately, known as split sex feeding, can also decrease excretion of nitrogen and phosphorus. With the increasing concerns on the negative impact of animal production systems on the environment, animal nutritionists and producers should be aware that sustainability of animal agriculture is as important as high production performance. Therefore, some feeding and management strategies described in this manuscript will help to reduce environmental pollution in swine production. Proper combination of feeding regimen and environment-friendly diet formulation through nutritional approach will be more effective to reduce nutrient excretion in swine production system compared to single approach to do so.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.761-768
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• 2016

Recently, swine production costs have increased due to increased feed cost, especially the price of corn and soybean meals. Soybean meal is traditionally an expensive ingredient, but the price of corn has dramatically increased because of increased biofuel production. This change has resulted in the swine industry looking for alternatives in order to reduce feed cost, resulting in decreased production costs. Thus, various alternatives have been used as feed ingredients to replace corn, soybean meal, or other expensive ingredients. One othercandidate may be palm kernel co-products that are a by-product of oil extraction from palm fruits. Palm kernel co-products have not been used in swine diets due to high fiber content and imbalanced amino acids compared with corn and soybean meal. However, recent studies showed that palm kernel co-products did not have any negative effects on growth performance of pigs when they replaced some proportions of corn and soybean meal. In addition, palm kernel co-products may provide some physiological properties to pigs by modifying gut microbiota and/or immunity of pigs, resulting in improvement of growth and health of pigs. Therefore, the value of palm kernel co-products were reviewed as one of the alternatives for corn, soybean meal, or other major ingredients in swine diets.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2000

A two-phase anaerobic digestion system for the treatment of swine waste was constructed in a commercial hog farm. The digester system was composed of 4 major units; slurry storage pit, acidogenic digester, methanogenic digester and sedimentation pit. A biogas boiler unit was also attached to maintain the digester temperature of 37$^{\circ}C$. Substrate lading was made with 2hr-interval by pumping about 2.1$m^3$ of slurry type swine waste from the slurry pit into the acidogenic digester, which corresponds to hydraulic retention time of 4 days for the acidogenic digester and of 11 days for the methanogenic digester. Digester temperature were well maintained as the set temperature of 37$^{\circ}C$ in the methanogenic digester, while the temperature in the acidogenic digester showed around 34$^{\circ}C$. pH also showed a steady-state results of 7.3 in the acidogenic digester and of 7.6 in the methanogenic digester during the operation period. Average biogas production rate was 0.66$m^3$/$m^3$ digester volume. Reduction rate of total solid and volatile solid were 42.8% and 5.8%, respectively. Total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen were not reduced during the anaerobic fermentation, however, most of VFAs seemed to be converted to the biogas,. These fermentation performance data may suggest that he newly developed a two-phase anaerobic digester for the swine waste treatment worked so successfully.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.51.1-51.10
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• 2022

Background: Due to the unavailability of an effective vaccine or antiviral drug against the African swine fever virus (ASFV), rapid diagnosis methods are needed to prevent highly contagious African swine fever. Objectives: The objective of this study was to establish the ladder-shape melting temperature isothermal amplification (LMTIA) assay for the detection of ASFV. Methods: LMTIA primers were designed with the p72 gene of ASFV as the target, and plasmid pUC57 was used to clone the gene. The LMTIA reaction system was optimized with the plasmid as the positive control, and the performance of the LMTIA assay was compared with that of the commercial real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) kit in terms of sensitivity and detection rate using 200 serum samples. Results: Our results showed that the LMTIA assay could detect the 10⁴ dilution of DNA extracted from the positive reference serum sample, which was the same as that of the commercial real-time PCR kit. The coincidence rate between the two assays was 100%. Conclusions: The LMTIA assay had high sensitivity, good detection, and simple operation. Thus, it is suitable for facilitating preliminary and cost-effective surveillance for the prevention and control of ASFV.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.187-194
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• 2016

본 연구는 무창돈사에서 최적 환경조절이 가능한 시스템을 구축하고자 환경조절이 가능한 모형돈사를 제작하여 온도분포특성을 분석하고 ICT 융합기술을 활용한 온도센서 위치 최적화 및 컨트롤 일체형 환기팬을 개발하고자 하였다. 팬 상부에 부착된 센서에 의해 측정된 온도는 다른 측점온도보다 1℃ 내의 낮은 온도차를 나타내어 측정오차를 고려할 때 온도센서가 팬 상부에 위치하여도 문제가 없을 것으로 판단되었다. 환기팬 성능은 최대 출력일 때 회전수 1920rpm, 송풍량 125㎥/min로 나타났으며, 최대 효율은 개방면적비 약 70%를 고려할 경우 사용된 환기팬의 적정 송풍량은 75㎥/min에 60pa로 나타났다. 댐퍼의 개방면적비가 약 70%일 때 환기팬의 동력과 상관없이 최대효율을 나타내었다. 팬의 출력별 회전수는 출력 100%일 때 최대 1,920rpm으로 나타났으며, 컨트롤러의 펄스 듀티비를 변화시킴에 따라 AC 출력 위상이 지연 없이 변화하는 것으로 나타나 빠른 응답속도로 팬 속도조절이 가능한 것으로 판단되었다.