• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.368-374
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• 2012

BACKGROUND: The urgency of feeding the world's growing population while combating soil pollution, salinization and desertification requires suitable biotechnology not only to improve crop productivity but also to improve soil health through interactions of soil nutrient and soil microorganism. Interest in the utilization of microbial fertilizer has increased. A principle of nature farming is to produce abundant and healthy crops without using chemical fertilizer and pesticides, and without interrupting the natural ecosystem. Beneficial microorganisms may provide supplemental nutrients in the soil, promote crop growth, and enhance plant resistance against pathogenic microorganisms. We mixed beneficial microorganisms such as Bacillus sp. Han-5 with anti-fungal activities, Trichoderma harziaum, Trichoderma longibrachiatum with organic material degrading activity, Actinomycetes bovis with antibiotic production and Pseudomonas sp. with nitrogen fixation. This study was carried out to investigate the mixtures on the soil microflora and soil chemical properties and the effect on the growth of lettuce and cucumber under greenhouse conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS: The microbial mixtures were used with each of organic fertilizer, swine manure and organic+swine manure and compared in regard to changes in soil chemical properties, soil microflora properties and crop growth. At 50 days after the treatment of microorganism mixtures, the pH improved from 5.8 to 6.3, and the EC, $NO_3$-Na and K decreased by 52.4%, 60.5% and 29.3%, respectively. The available $P_2O_5$ and $SiO_2$ increased by 25.9% and 21.2%, respectively. Otherwise, the population density of fluorescent Pseudomonas sp. was accelerated and the growth of vegetables increased. Moreover, the population density of E. coli and Fusarium sp., decreased remarkably. The ratio of bacteria to fungi (B/F) and the ratio of Actinomycetes bovis to fungi (A/F) increased 2.3 (from 272.2 to 624.4) and 1.7 times (from 38.3 to 64), respectively. Furthermore, the growth and yield of cucumber and lettuce significantly increased by the treatment of microorganism mixtures. CONCLUSION(S): These results suggest that the treatment of microorganism mixtures improved the chemical properties and the microflora of soil and the crop growth. Therefore, it is concluded that the microorganism mixtures could be good alternative soil amendments to restore soil nutrients and soil microflora.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.627-632
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• 2007

FoxO1, FoxO3a and FoxO4 belong to the FoxO gene family, which play important roles in the PI3K/PKB pathway. In this study, we cloned the porcine FoxO1, FoxO3a and FoxO4 sequences and assigned them to SSC11p11-15, SSC1p13 and SSC xq13 using somatic cell hybrid panel (SCHP) and radiation hybrid panel (IMpRH). RT-PCR results showed that these three genes are expressed in multiple tissues. Sequencing of PCR products from different breeds identified a synonymous T/C polymorphism in exon 2 of FoxO3a. This FoxO3a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) can be detected by AvaII restriction enzyme. The allele frequencies of this SNP were investigated in Dahuabai, Meishan, Tongcheng, Yushan, Large White, and Duroc pigs. Association of the genotypes with growth and carcass traits showed that different genotypes of FoxO3a were associated with carcass length and backfat thickness between 6th and 7th ribs (BTR) and drip loss (p<0.05).

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.446-452
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• 2010

돈분뇨 축산 액비의 연용이 토마토와 오이의 수량 및 식물체내 중금속 함량에 미치는 영향과 시설하우스 토양의 화학성 및 중금속 함량에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 2002년부터 2006년까지 5년간 같은 처리구에 동일한 돈분 액비를 계속 처리하였다. 시험에 쓰인 돈분 액비는 SCB, TAO, BMW 등 3종이었으며, 대조구로 화학비료 처리구를 두어 비교하였고, 시설하우스의 토양은 규암통 미사질양토로, 염류나 중금속 함량이 높지 않았다. TAO에 비해 SCB는 질소 함량이 적었고 BMW는 매우 낮았으며, 인산과 칼리 함량도 비슷한 경향을 나타내었다. 세 가지 돈분 액비를 처리했을 때 토마토와 오이의 수량은 화학비료를 처리한 관행시비와 크게 다르지 않아, 축산 액비의 연용이 작물의 수량성에 악영향을 미치지는 않은 것으로 여겨진다. 5년간 돈분 액비를 계속 사용하여 처리한 결과, 토양 화학성에 있어 화학비료 처리구에 비해 인산과 칼리의 함량이 높지 않았으며 중금속 함량도 비슷한 수준이었다. 식물체의 중금속 함량도 관행 화학비료 처리와 크게 다르지 않았으며, 우리나라 시설재배지 작물의 평균 중금속 함량과 비교해서도 높지 않았다. 따라서 돈분뇨 발효 액비를 기비의 질소 시용량 기준으로 처리했을 때에는 토마토와 오이의 수량이 화학비료를 처리했을 때와 대등하였으며, 토양 화학성 측면에서도 나쁜 영향을 미치지는 않는 것으로 판단된다. 이는 돈분뇨 축산 액비를 질소 기비 수준으로 처리한 결과로서, 단위 면적당 돈분 액비 처리량을 높였을 때에는 다른 결과를 얻을 수 있으므로, 심도있는 검토와 연구가 필요하다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.223-229
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the changes in the pig productivity after ban of antibiotics growth promoter in commercial pig farms. A total 74 pig farms that herd size is from less than 100 sows to more than 500 sows were selected for survey. Changes of pig productivity before/after ban of antibiotics were analyzed by comparing with our survey results and report of KPPA (Korean Pork Producers Association, 2013). In the results, no difference on pig productivity was observed by herd size among our survey farms. Live born piglets have been raised as time passes since 2003, and then it reach to 10.6 head per sow in 2012. The numbers of weaning piglet tended to increase, but sow turnover ratio was found to be a tendency to decrease after ban of antibiotics in our survey results. There was no effect of using antibiotics on mortality of pre- and post- weaning. Marketing per sow per year (MSY) does not be improved because the post-weaning mortality was maintained at a high level, despite live pig born and weaning piglet have increased after 2003. In conclusion, a ban of antibiotics growth promoter does not directly affect to pig productivity, but it needs the efforts to reduce the mortality of post-weaning for improvement of pig productivity. We suggest that this data will be useful to swine industry as the fundamental information.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.1007-1014
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• 2007

Acceptance of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in agricultural animal production is rapidly disappearing. Both government regulations and consumer preference are driving this change. Producers in any country that seek export markets will be forced to give up AGP if they are to sell to the EU and many other markets. This report will first review the history of AGP use in the animal industry and the concerns about development of antimicrobial resistance. A description of the development and structure of the gut and how it is affected by AGP administration will conclude with results of studies to replace AGP with antimicrobial organic acids.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.774-780
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• 1998

This report includes an extensive bibliography of research articles investigating various facets of rearing neonatal piglets using liquid diets, and includes historical publications dating back to the 1940's. However, in order to provide concise and timely focus for application in modem swine production, only a selected number of recent findings are reviewed in detail. Collectively, the data presented illustrate that growth of piglets fed liquid diets can greatly exceed that of littermates fed dry diets and can even exceed growth rates of sow-reared controls (by up to 160%). The central questions that remain unanswered are: 1) Can this improved performance be obtained routinely and economically under applied farm conditions? and if so, 2) Does improved growth during the early-weaning period translate into improved net economic returns overall? Unfortunately, due to the current practical management constraints related to liquid-diet feeding (i.e., lack of an easy-to-manage feed delivery system), limited data are available which examine the efficacy of liquid-diet feeding under practical, commercial farm conditions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.1473-1477
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• 2007

Four-and-a-half LIM-only protein 3 (FHL3) is a member of the LIM protein superfamily and can participate in mediating protein-protein interaction by binding one another through their LIM domains. In this study, the 5'- and 3'- cDNA ends were characterized by RACE (Rapid Amplification of the cDNA Ends) methodology in combination with in silico cloning based on the partial cDNA sequence obtained. Bioinformatics analysis showed FHL3 protein contained four LIM domains and four LIM zinc-binding domains. In silico mapping assigned this gene to the gene cluster MTF1-INPP5B-SF3A3-FHL3-CGI-94 on pig chromosome 6 where several QTL affecting intramuscular fat and eye muscle area had previously been identified. Transcription of the FHL3 gene was detected in spleen, liver, kidney, small intestine, skeletal muscle, fat and stomach, with the greatest expression in skeletal muscle. The A/G polymorphism in exon II was significantly associated with birth weight, average daily gain before weaning, drip loss rate, water holding capacity and intramuscular fat in a Landrace-derived pig population. Together, the present study provided the useful information for further studies to determine the roles of FHL3 gene in the regulation of skeletal muscle cell growth and differentiation in pigs.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.11-17
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• 1996

자연계로부터 3종의 광합성 세균 strain KN 1-1, KN 2-1과 KN 2-3을 분리하여 돈분 폐수 처리에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 유기산이 첨가된 배지에서 광합성 세균의 생육은 유기산을 첨가하지 않은 경우에 비해 2~3배 증가하였으며, bacteriochlorophyll a 함량도 1.5~2배까지 증가함을 보였다. 또한 축산 농가에서 직접 채취한 돈분 폐수에 광합성 세균을 첨가하였을 때 COD 감소율은 KN 1-1인 경우 80%, KN 2-1 89%, KN 2-3 75%를 나타내었다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.211-218
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 동물유래 시료들로부터 양돈 사료첨가용 유산균을 개발하기 위하여 enterotoxigenic E. coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Clostridium perfringens 등 양돈산업에서 심각한 문제를 일으키는 인수공통 병원성 세균들과 Clostridium jejuni, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus와 같은 식중독균을 강하게 저해하는 Bifidobacterium 유산균을 분리하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 소의 반추위 내용물, 닭 창자 내용물, 돼지 분변 등의 시료들로부터 총 65주의 혐기성미생물을 분리하였다. 이 중에서 항병원세균활성이 가장 높은 4주를 선별하였는데, 이들은 16S rDNA 염기서열 분석방법에 의하여 3주의 B. boum과 1주의 B. thermophilum으로 동정되었다. 특히 B. thermophilum는 분리주들 중에서 가장 높은 돼지 장 상피세포에 대한 부착성을 보였고, 여러 인수공통병원세균들과 식중독균들에 대한 높은 항균력, 산과 담즙내성을 보여 양돈용 생균제 후보균주로서 우수한 특성을 나타내었다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.134-142
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• 2006

The treatment of high-strength swine wastewater by anaerobic digestion combined with an aquatic plant system was investigated. Anaerobic digestion of swine wastewater gave volatile solids (VS) removal efficiencies of 43.3%, 52.1% and 54.5% for hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 20, 30, 40 days, respectively. The removal efficiencies of VS, total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) and soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) decreased with increasing VS volumetric loading rate (VLR). Higher organic removal efficiency was observed at longer HRTs for the same VS volumetric loading rate. As VS volumetric loading rate increased, biogas production increased and the methane content of the biogas decreased. Experiments using duckweed (Lemna species) as an aquatic macrophyte gave the following results. In the case of nitrogen, removal efficiency was above 60% and effluent concentration was below 10.0 mg/L when the influent ammonia-N loading was about $1.0\;g/m^2/day$. In the case of phosphorus, removal efficiency was above 55% and effluent concentration was below 2.0 mg/L when the influent $PO_4$-P loading was about $0.15\;g/m^2/day$. In addition, crude protein and phosphorus content of duckweed biomass increased from 15.6% to 41.6% and from 0.8% to 1.6%, respectively, as the influent nutrient concentration increased. The treatment of high-strength swine wastewater by anaerobic digestion combined with an aquatic plant system offers good performance in terms of organics and nutrient removal for relatively low operation and maintenance costs. The results indicate that under appropriate operational conditions, the effluent quality is within the limits set by Korean discharge criteria.